Allowable Nozzle Loads

7/19/2014 CR4 - Thread: Allowable Nozzle Loads
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whitepiper
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Join Date: Mar 2008
Posts: 7
Allowable Nozzle Loads
03/07/2008 11:01 AM
I have been struggling to get some guidelines for allowable nozzle loads for equipment to ensure it is not overstressed
due to connected piping? does anybody has some easy method to check that? WRCs are very tidious..
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#2 "Re: allowable nozzle loads" by Abdel Halim Galala on 03/09/2008 8:36 PM (score 5)
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Steve S.
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Join Date: Aug 2007
Posts: 1803
Good Answers: 87
Re: allowable nozzle loads
03/07/2008 4:58 PM
Every equipment OEM will have design load limits for his machine and it is often on the equipment data sheet, but a lot
of them just use zero load cause if a give a piper an inch he'll take a mile, and if you give him a pound, he'll assume it is
a anchor...
Abdel Halim
Galala
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Join Date: Feb 2007
Location: Cairo, Egypt
Posts: 1746
Good Answers: 239
03/09/2008 8:36 PM
Nozzle standard loadings are varied from equipment to another, also from material to another, also from
nozzle size and rating to another.
For example, the max. allowable nozzle loadings for pressure vessels and shell-and-tube heat exchangers shall be as
follows:
A. For Carbon Steel:
Force F
A
= K x 675 x D , F
L
= K x 1000 x D & F

= K x 1000 x D
Moment M
T
= K x 125 x D
2
Nm , M
L
= K x 100 x D
2
, & M
= K x 75 x D
2
where, K = 1 for Flange rating 150-300
#
and K = 1.25 for Flange rating > 600#
B. For Stainless Steel:
Force F
A
= K x 675 x D , F
L
= K x 1000 x D & F
= K x 1000 x D
Moment M
T
= K x 125 x D
2
, M
L
= K x 100 x D
2
& M
= K x 50 x D
2
, where, K= 1
D = Nominal nozzle size (inch), F = Force component (N) and M = Moment component (N-m)
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Neville Re: allowable nozzle loads
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Tomlinson
Active Contributor
Join Date: Jun 2007
Location: Maryland, USA
Posts: 20
Good Answers: 2
03/10/2008 11:40 AM
Can you indicate the reference to these formulas.
Abdel Halim
Galala
Guru

Join Date: Feb 2007
Posts: 1746
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06/02/2010 11:03 PM
Dear Neville Tomlinson,
The reference book for these formulas is Piping Stress Handbook by Victor Helguero M. (Part 1 & Part 2).
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Anonymous
Poster #1
07/15/2011 9:45 AM
I went through this handbook twice, but was not able to find the formulae that you listed above for the max.
allowable nozzle loadings for pressure vessels and shell-and-tube heat exchanger?
Can you please refer me to the page number or para number in the Piping Stress Handbook by Victor Helguero M
where I can locate this formulae?
Thanks
Abdel Halim
Galala
Guru

Join Date: Feb 2007
Posts: 1746
Good Answers: 239
07/16/2011 5:42 AM
Refer to Piping Stress Handbook by Victor Helguero M, Chapter 8 "Design Criteria for Allowable Loads, Moments,
and Stresses".
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rajachem
Participant
Join Date: Mar 2012
Posts: 2
03/05/2012 2:07 AM
Hi Abel,
I need to calculate the "Allowable nozzle loads" for a pressure vessel and was looking into the forum and referred
the "Pipe Stress handbook - Second edition" by Victor Helguero, Chapter 8 "Design criteria for allowable
loads, moments and stresses" and could not trace out the formulas. Please help, is iam looking at the right
edition?.
rajachem
Participant
Join Date: Mar 2012
Posts: 2
03/05/2012 2:26 AM
Hi Abdel,
Also iam dealing with the welded nozzles (BW) and not flanged ones for the pressure vessel. Please say
whether i can use the formulas mentioned.
Anonymous
Poster
03/12/2008 10:43 AM
Thanks Abdel, for upto 6" or 8" nozzles the rules are fairly matching with the nozzle loads by API 610. but could you
suggest allowable nozzle loads for smaller pipes <2" directly welded to the columns/ equipment. Actually i was working
on a cryo system where MOC are SS or Al with small piping sizes welded to equipment nozzle directly. due to
transients (TAM) the nozzle loads are very high. MOreover how to transform these relations for Al. Could you suggest
the reference for these rules?
Abdel Halim Re: allowable nozzle loads
#7
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Galala
Guru

Join Date: Feb 2007
Posts: 1746
Good Answers: 239
03/12/2008 1:46 PM
Yes, my dear
I still doing my best to find that reference book, it was located on shelf of our company's library. The book may be
lost or may be they interchanged its location, but I still lookfor my hardcopy.
For small nozzles < 2" connected to equipment, it must be designed with no loads to be transmitted from piping to
vessel and vice versa, since the Al. nozzles are very weak connections.
Please send your e-mail, there are some data related to cast iron and aluminium nozzles and casing of pumps.
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Abdel Halim
Galala
Guru

Join Date: Feb 2007
Posts: 1746
Good Answers: 239
03/12/2008 2:31 PM
The following data are extracted from the same reference book:
I. DESIGN CRITERIA FOR ALL PUMPS
b. WITH CAST IRON OR ALUMINUM NOZZLES AND CASINGS ALUMINUM PUMP FORCE, MOMENT AND STRESS
LIMITATIONS
The following criteria shall apply for pumps with 4-in. discharge nozzles or smaller (suction nozzles may be larger).
The forces contained herein are considered minimum criteria and should be adjusted where the vendor has
experimental or test data permitting larger reactions.
Suctions and discharge nozzles shall be designed to withstand forces and moments from the thermal expansion or
contraction of piping. Piping reactions shall be computed in conformance with ANSI B31.3 : Petroleum Refinery
Piping, Section 319, "Code for Pressure Piping", and shall be designed within the limiting criteria set by this
standard. The modulus of elasticity shall be adjusted for the operating temperature condition.
Each nozzle shall be capable of withstanding forces from external piping determined by the following formulas :
For suction nozzles : Frs 1.6 w 50 D
For discharge nozzles : Frd (2w - Frs) 50 D
Top suction and top discharge pump nozzles are further limited by :
Frs and Frd = (Fx
2
+ Fz
2
)
1/2
and the following;
For suction nozzles
a. Fxs 1.3 w 40 D
b. Fys (in compression) 1.2 w 50 D
c. Fys (in tension) 0.5 w 25 D
d. Fzs w 35 D
For discharge nozzles
a. Fxd (1.8 w Fxs) 40 D
b. Fyd (in compression) (2 w Fys) 50 D
c. Fyd (in tension) 0.5 w 25 D
d. Fzd (w Fzs) 35 D
End suction and top discharge pump nozzles are further limited by :
Frs = (Fzs
2
+ Fys
2
)
1/2
and Frd = (Fxd
2
+ Fzd
2
)
1/2
and the following;
For suction nozzles
a. Fxs 1.2 w 50 D
b. Fys 0.6 w 35 D
c. Fzs w 40 D
For discharge nozzles
a. Fxd (1.8w Fxs) 40 D
b. Fyd (in compression) (2w Fys) 50 D
c. Fyd (in tension) 0.5 w 25 D
d. Fzd (w Fzs) 35 D
Limit tension and compression forces to 500 lb.
Where : F = force, lb.
Subscript r = resultant of forces
Subscript x = axis parallel to shaft
Subscript y = vertical 90
o
to shaft
Subscript z = horizontal 90
o
to shaft
w = weight of pump only, lb.
5
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D = diameter, nominal diameter = I.P.S. = iron pipe size, in.
d = discharge or exhaust
s = suction or intake
Fr = resultant shear force in the plane of any specific flange face.
Sh = basic allowable stress for the material of construction at maximum operating temperature (see ANSI B31.3).
Each suction and discharge nozzle shall be designed to withstand the forces described for the specific
configuration. Unit stresses in each nozzle shall be limited to :
One-third of the allowable hot stresses Sh for pipe sizes 4 in.
One-half of the allowable hot stresses Sh for pipe sizes > 4 in.
as shown in ANSI B31.1 and ANSI B31.3.
The baseplate and pedestal support assembly on pumps having a discharge nozzle 4 in. shall be adequate to limit
the shaft displacement, when measured at the coupling, to a maximum of 0.005 in. in any direction when subjected
to the following loads. These loads represent the total effect of all external mechanical forces that may be applied
to a fully grouted pump base. They are to be applied to the pump through the suction and / or discharge nozzle.
Mx = 3.0 w* ft-lb
My = 2.0 w* ft-lb
Mz = 1.5 w* ft-lb
where Mx = moment in y-z plane
My = moment in x-z plane
Mz = moment in x-y plane
w = weight of pump only
* Minimum w is 500 lb. in these computations.
For purposes of evaluating computed piping-imposed external moments and forces, they shall be transferred from
both suction and discharge flanges to the intersection of the X, Y and Z axes. An algebraic summation shall then be
made for comparison with the moment limitation given above.
The vendor shall submit alternative criteria for pumps having a discharge flange 4 in. NPS. It is suggested that
these criteria be developed as a result of tests.
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Anonymous
Poster
03/13/2008 11:04 AM
Dear Abdel,
now thats very useful guidelines, especially the stress control part at nozzle locations w.r.t. size of nozzles. thats
a huge help, thanks for the information.
Abdel Halim
Galala
Guru

Join Date: Feb 2007
Posts: 1746
Good Answers: 239
03/13/2008 7:44 PM
Dear Guest/whitepiper
Thank you very much and you are welcome.
But for "thats very useful guidelines" & "thats a huge help", may be it is in need to a very huge rate of
score..... hahaha
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Abdel Halim
Galala
Guru
03/29/2008 8:25 AM
My friends,
Do you know that 1 + 1 = 0.
#11
In reply to #10
#13
In reply to #2
#14
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#17
In reply to #2
#20
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#21
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#3

Join Date: Feb 2007
Posts: 1746
Good Answers: 239
That what was exactly happened to my posts #2 and #7, both granted score 1, "almost" Good Answers,
and the net score is zero. Can you please prove that 1 + 1 = 1 at least to be added to the total of Good
Answers. Nothing to say, just for fun.
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inspectorjoe
Associate
Join Date: Apr 2008
Posts: 53
Re: allowable nozzle thickness
05/02/2008 10:17 PM
Good day abdel.
What about the nozzle thickness? Can you help on this? We conducted an ultrasonic thickness gauging of
nozzles of a pressure vessel. How do i compute if the nozzle thickness are still acceptable?
Anonymous
Poster
07/13/2010 4:13 AM
What is k overhere?From where did u got the value of k?
thanks
Abdel Halim
Galala
Guru

Join Date: Feb 2007
Posts: 1746
Good Answers: 239
07/13/2010 12:58 PM
See my post #12.
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Rajcs82
Participant
Join Date: Dec 2011
Posts: 4
12/04/2011 7:29 AM
I am doing stress analysis for natural gas plant which has part of under ground pipe and connected to above ground
equipment( pig launcher), i got output which has the code compliance of 40% of allowable stress and the vertical
displacements are with in 5mm but the force and moments are too large of 100000N at pig launcher inlet i really
surprise and need help to balancing this force and moments, please some experts can help me?
ronniehossain
Participant
Join Date: Jun 2013
Posts: 1
06/05/2013 9:41 PM
Mr. Abdel,
I am facing a problem with a horizontal tank in my plant. Plant installed a two stage pump weighing approx. 2650 lbs
on the top of an 18" manway. My understanding is per ASME code vessel's nozzle is not designed for withstand this
load. How can I make sure that this load is ok or I have to add repad? Maybe 1" thickness of the shell will not allow
this extra loading. Thank you for your help. Ronnie Hossain
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joarder
Participant
Join Date: Apr 2014
Posts: 1
04/16/2014 9:56 AM
Hi Abdel,
I have the book you referred but I can not able to find these formulas in Chapter 8. There is nothing for vessels in
chapter 8. What version you are referring to. Appreciate your help.
Lawrence
Commentator
Join Date: Jun 2007
03/10/2008 8:55 AM
The WRC 107 method is tedious. However, it is the best analytic method available. The best way around the tedium is
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Posts: 59
Good Answers: 5
to buy a canned program to read all of the tables for you or to go FEA. A recommendation for a program that does both
is FE/Pipe by Paulin Research Group (http://www.paulin.com/). This program is a parametric FEA program organized
around pressure vessels and piping. One can model the piping and the vessel in a linked analysis that both generates
the loads and analyzes the support stresses.
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