Pressure Relief Dynamics Aspen Plus

2013 Aspen Technology, Inc.
AspenTech
, aspenONE
, the Aspen leaf logo, the aspenONE logo, and OPTIMIZE are trademarks of Aspen Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. 11-3795-0713
Jump Start: Pressure Relief Scenario
in Aspen Plus Dynamics
V8
A Brief Tutorial (and supplement to training and online documentation)

Zachary Peers, Product Management, Aspen Technology, Inc.
2013 Aspen Technology, Inc. AspenTech
, aspenONE
Jump Start: Pressure Relief Scenario in Aspen Plus Dynamics
V8
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Example Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Steady State Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Isolating the Unit Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Creating a Pressure Gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Preparing the Dynamic Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Entering the Vessel Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Entering the Heat Transfer Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Adding Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Exporting the Dynamic Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Configuring the Dynamic Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Adding Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Adding a Split Range Controller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Testing the Steady-State Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Creating a Pressure Relief Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Adding a PSV. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Adding Emergency Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Analyzing a Pressure Relief Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Adding Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Running the Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Additional Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Configuring Aspen Properties in Aspen Plus Dynamics if you are Running Aspen Plus V8.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
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Introduction
Engineers use Aspen Plus Dynamics
to quickly create dynamic models of processing equipment and to apply these

equipment models to simulate and optimize continuous, batch, and semi-batch processes.
In this guide, we will provide an example to help you get started using Aspen Plus Dynamics quickly and effectively. We
will follow one example, the development of a phenolic-resin model, to illustrate how you can: transition a steady-state
Aspen Plus
model to an Aspen Plus Dynamics model and evaluate a pressure relief valve.
This is not meant to be used as a stand-alone reference document. We recommend that you use a range of other
resources including:
AspenTech support website (support.aspentech.com)
AspenTech courseware available in on-line and in-person versions
AspenTech knowledgebase items, training, and sample models available in aspenONE Exchange
AspenTech business consultants
This document covers dynamic modeling in Aspen Plus Dynamics. It assumes that the user has Aspen Plus V8.2
1
or
higher and Aspen Plus Dynamics V8.0
2
installed on her or his computer, as well as some experience building process
models. We will follow the analysis of a reactor from the steady-state Aspen Plus model to the Aspen Plus Dynamics
model.
Example Files
There are two example files used in this tutorial, Phenolic Resin Case 1 and Phenolic Resin Case 2. Phenolic Resin Case 1 is
a steady state Aspen Plus model and Phenolic Resin Case 2 is the same model after it has been transferred into Aspen
Plus Dynamics. This guide shows an overview of how to transform Phenolic Resin Case 1 into Phenolic Resin Case 2, but it
does not show every individual change. To get more familiar with upgrading steady state models to dynamic ones, we
recommend you try to accomplish this on your own. These files are also featured in the On-Demand Webinar Reactor
Relief Analysis with Aspen Plus Dynamics (Additional Resources, page 19).
Both example files are available for free through the instant download through aspenONE Exchange. To access aspenONE
Exchange in Aspen Plus V8.0, click the Exchange button in the Get Started tab on the ribbon (Figure 1). In Aspen Plus V8.2
and higher, aspenONE Exchange automatically launches when you open the program.
Figure 1: Open aspenONE Exchange
1
To upgrade to Aspen Plus V8.2, visit: http://www.aspentech.com/products/v8-release/
2
If you have never run Aspen Plus Dynamics V8.0 with Aspen Plus V8.2, see the appendix for important information on configuring properties
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Type the file names into the search bar and click on the appropriate flowsheets in the search results (Figure 2). You can
also find other example files, knowledgebase tips, training modules, and more using similar queries. To learn more about
how to use aspenONE Exchange, see the associated Jump Start in the Additional Resources section (page 19).
Figure 2: Search for example files
Steady State Model
Aspen Plus Dynamics is a tool used for dynamic simulation. Although flowsheets can be built in the dynamic environment,
it is easier to start from a working steady-state model. This helps to keep properties consistent and eliminates the need to
duplicate the process. This is also an advantage for Aspen Plus users because models do not have to be redesigned for
dynamic evaluation.
The following section explains how to prepare and import a steady state Aspen Plus model into Aspen Plus Dynamics. If
you are only interested in configuring the dynamic model, you can skip ahead to Configuring the Dynamic Model (page 7).
Isolating the Unit Operations
Open your Aspen Plus model. If the model contains multiple unit operations, decide what units you want to use for the
dynamic analysis. To isolate a unit, right-click on its feed streams and select Reconcile to set the stream variables as
stream specifications (Figure 3). After all of the units feeds have been reconciled, delete the remaining unit operations
and leave the units that will be used in the dynamic simulation. In this example, the reactor has already been isolated.
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Figure 3: Reconciling a Stream to isolate a unit operation
Creating a Pressure Gradient
After isolating the units, you must decide if you want to perform a pressure or flow driven analysis. Pressure driven
analysis requires the addition of pumps or valves to each stream to establish a pressure gradient across the model. Flow
driven analysis does not have this requirement. For a simple model where you do not need to analyze the pressure
gradient, you can use a flow driven analysis. This example is about pressure relief, so pressure driven analysis is necessary.
You will read more about this in Exporting the Dynamic Model (page 6).
To add valves to an existing stream, right-click on it and select Insert Block. Under common types, select Valve (Figure 4).
Figure 4: Adding a valve to a stream
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This will split the stream and reconnect it to the valve. Next, specify the valves outlet pressure. For this example, the inlets
are set at 2 bar and the outlets are set at 1 bar. These values will set the valve size. You will later add controllers to these
valves in the dynamic environment.
Preparing the Dynamic Model
In Aspen Plus, Dynamic Mode can be activated on the Dynamics tab on the ribbon. This mode allows you to input
dynamic specifications before entering Aspen Plus Dynamics. Adding the specified controllers, equipment sizing, and the
heat transfer beforehand helps to simplify the transition to the dynamic environment.
Select the Dynamics tab and click the Dynamic Mode button (Figure 5). This will activate the dynamic forms for the unit
operations on the navigation pane. This is where you will enter the dynamic specifications.
Figure 5: The Dynamic Mode button
Entering the Vessel Specifications
Specifications required for steady-state differ from specifications required for dynamics. In dynamics, you must also
specify the size of, heat-transfer for, and how you want to control the equipment. In this model, only the reactor is isolated,
so you only have to specify its dynamics. The valves require no dynamic specifications.
Go to the navigation pane and find the reactor (R-101). Open the folder and select
Dynamic to open a new form for the reactor (Figure 6).
Figure 6: Open the Dynamic form for a block
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Select the Vessel tab and specify the size of the reactor. The reactor has been set as a vertical vessel with elliptical heads
and a length of 2m (Figure 7).
Figure 7: Enter dynamic specifications
Entering the Heat Transfer Specifications
Next, click on the Heat Transfer tab and select the Evaporating option. Set the medium specific latent heat as 2270
kJ/kg. Next, add the equipment heat transfer. Click on the tab titled Equipment Heat Transfer and check the option for
Model equipment heat capacity. Specify the equipment mass and heat capacity. Use an equipment mass of 1000kg and
heat capacity of 500J/kg-K.
Adding Controllers
Aspen Plus Dynamics will automatically add controllers after the file is sent. You can specify what types these will be
beforehand in Aspen Plus on the Controllers tab for each unit operation. For this model, include the pressure and overall
liquid level controllers. You will add the temperature controller in the dynamics environment later.
Exporting the Dynamic Model
You can export a model from Aspen Plus to Aspen Plus Dynamics in one click. After the models dynamic specifications
have been made and it has been run, navigate to the Dynamics tab. All of the buttons will now be active. Now, you must
specify either a pressure or flow driven analysis as discussed earlier. To do this, click the Pressure Checker button to see if
the flowsheet is configured. If it is properly configured, export the model by clicking on the Pressure Driven button (Figure
8). This will raise the save form. After naming the file, click save. The model will now open in Aspen Plus Dynamics.
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Figure 8: Exporting the model to Aspen Plus Dynamics
Configuring the Dynamic Model
You now have a working model in Aspen Plus Dynamics that is prepared to run a dynamic analysis. You can now further
configure the model to better reflect the process. This can involve adding additional controllers, resizing equipment, and
adding tasks.
Adding Controllers
Although there are a pressure and level controller on the reactor, you also need to add flow and temperature controllers.
To add the temperature controller, select the Controls tab on the Dynamics model library. Add a PIDIncr to the flowsheet
near the product stream and the reactor (Figure 9).
Figure 9: Add a PIDIncr controller
On the model library, select the dropdown next to streams and select ControlSignal (Figure 10).
Figure 10: Add a ControlSignal
The flowsheet will display the ports that can be used. You are trying to control the temperature of the product, so connect
the ControlSignal to the port leaving the ID (name) on the stream POUT. Select the control variable Temperature (Figure
11).
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Figure 11: Set the control variable
Click OK. Now connect the ControlSignal to the controller inlet. Set it as a process variable (Figure 12).
Figure 12: Connect the signal to the controller
Add a ControlSignal leaving the controller and set the control variable as controller output. Since the goal is to maintain
the temperature of the product leaving the reactor, you must control the reactor duty. This duty will represent the cooling
water in the reactor jacket. Connect the ControlSignal to the reactor and select QCool (specified heat duty) as the control
variable. Finally, name the controller TC-101 to follow the naming convention in the model. Figure 13 shows what the flow
sheet looks like after properly adding the controller.
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Figure 13: Flowsheet after adding controller TC-101
The last step is tuning the controller. Right-click on TC-101 and go to Forms>Configure. Click the Initialize Values button on
the form to update the controller to the current conditions. The controllers should be configured as seen in Table 1.
Table 1: Controller configurations
The controller action here denotes in which direction the controller will act. The easiest way to understand how to
configure the action is to imagine in what direction the action takes place when the disturbance occurs. For example, if the
temperature increases, the duty needs to decrease to maintain the temperature. This is a reverse action. Using V2 as an
example, if the level increases, the valve opening will increase. This is a direct action.
Use the same method to add the flow controllers. Configure them using Table 1. The final flowsheet is shown in Figure 14.
Controller B2 B4 TC-101
Input FORMALIN CRESOL POUT
Output V-F V-C R-101
PV Fm Fm T
OP Qcoolr
Set Point 1000 1750 90
Initial Output 50 50 0
Gain 5 5 10
Integral Time 20 20 10
Derivative Time 0 0 0
Controller Action Reverse Reverse Reverse
PV Range Minimum 0 0 0
PV Range Maximum 2000 3500 180
Output Range Minimum 0 0 -10
Output Range Maximum 100 100 10
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Figure 14: PFD with added flow and temperature controllers
Adding a Split Range Controller
Aspen Plus Dynamics automatically adds a pressure controller acting on V1. This controller changes the vent flowrate
based on the pressure change in the reactor. In this model, a split range controller would provide better results. The split
range controller changes two variables depending on whether they are above or below a given value. This model requires a
pressure of 2 bar to be maintained within the vessel. Thus, the V1 will be opened when the pressure is above 2 bar and V3
will be activated when the pressure is below 2 bar.
Choose a SplitRange controller from the Controls tab on the Dynamics model library. Add it to the flowsheet near the
reactor. Delete R-101_PC and connect a split range controller to the reactor. Add a control signal from the split range
controller to V3 and select this as Output 1. Add a control signal from the split range controller to V1 and select this as
Output 2.
To configure the split range controller, right-click on it and select Forms>Configure. When the form opens, match the
configurations to the data in Table 2.
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Table 2: Split range controller configurations
Testing the Steady-State Model
Now that these changes have been made, the model should be tested to make sure it is still at steady-state. To visualize
this, view the forms for the product, vent, and the reactor.
Right-click on the reactor and select Forms>ResultsReliefSummary. A form will open that displays the status of the
reactor. Next, open TPFPlot (temperature, pressure, flowrate plot) for the streams VOUT and POUT (Figure 15).
Figure 15: Open plots and Relief Summary Results
Now, make sure the mode is set to Dynamic on the toolbar at the top of the screen (Figure 16). It is best to first run the
model in dynamic mode and let it find its steady-state before running in steady-state mode.
Description Value Units
Output1Action Action for Output 1 Reverse
Output1Min Minimum value of Output 1 0.0 %
Output1Max Maximum value of Output 1 100.0 %
Output1InMin Value of input above which Output 1 starts to change 0.0 bar
Output1InMax Value of input above which Output 1 stops changing 2.0 bar
Output2Action Action for Output 2 Direct
Output2Min Minimum value of Output 2 0.0
Output2Max Maximum value of Output 2 100.0
Output2InMin Value of input above which Output 2 starts to change 2.0 bar
Output2InMax Value of input above which Output 2 stops changing 100.0 bar
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Figure 16: Run controls in Aspen Plus Dynamics
Click play and monitor the plots and the reactor conditions. Let the data run for some time and see if they stabilize. If the
plots continue to fluctuate, check the conditions listed in this document or the completed case file.
Once the variables stabilize, change the mode to Steady-State and run it again. If the solution fails, rewind the simulation
back to the last converged case and try running in dynamics for a longer period of time.
When the steady-state solution passes, you can add the pressure safety valve (PSV).
Creating a Pressure Relief Scenario
Now that the model is configured and works in steady-state, the next step is to add a PSV to the reactor to test if the valve
size can handle the pressure relief scenario.
Adding a PSV
To add a PSV, select PSV2 from the Pressure Relief tab on the Dynamic model library. Drop this unit near the top of the
reactor. Connect the inlet of the PSV to the reactor vapor outlet, and add a stream to the outlet of the PSV (Figure 17).
Figure 17: Add the PSV
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Now you must size the valve. Right-click on the PSV and select Forms>Configure. This will open the form in Figure 18. You
can size the valve here.
Figure 18: Size the PSV
Use an E sized valve with an inlet diameter of 0.5 in, an outlet diameter of 0.625 in, and a throat diameter of 0.625 in. Now,
move to the Hysteresis tab to set the pressures. If you change the Set Pressure, the rest of the pressures will
automatically update based on the valve type specified. This example will use the Conventional valve type with a set
pressure of 5 bar (Figure 19).
Figure 19: Set the pressures for the PSV
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Adding Emergency Scenario
Now that the PSV has been added, you are ready to run an emergency scenario to see how the model reacts. This
example will simulate a cooling water failure on the reactor. A task will be used to automatically have an event occur at a
designated time. To add a new task, click on the New Task button (Figure 20).
Figure 20: Add a new task
For this task, you want to manipulate the temperature controller to turn off. Table 3 shows the sequence of events and
associated code.
Table 3: Sequence of events for CoolingWaterFailure
Figure 21 shows how the code appears in the text editor.
Figure 21: Code for CoolingWaterFailure
Right-click on the text editor and select Compile. If no errors are present, exit out of the text editor.
1 Name the task CoolingWaterFailure and set it to occur at 0.1 hrs Task CoolingWaterFailure Runs At 0.1
2 Set the controller in manual mode Blocks (TC-101).AutoMan: 1;
3 Set the operating parameter to zero Blocks (TC-101).OPMan: 0;
4 Set the duration of the event to 2 hours wait 2.0
5 Change the controller to automatic Blocks (TC-101).AutoMan: 0;
6 Revert to the original set point to turn on the cooling water Blocks (TC-101).Sp: 90;
7 End the task End
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Analyzing a Pressure Relief Scenario
You can now run the pressure relief scenario and see how the equipment reacts. This involves adding forms to visualize
the pressures and operating the model.
Adding Forms
To open a form for a unit: right-click on it, go to Forms, and select the form you would like. Add a plot for the PSV, a plot for
the reactor, and a reactor summary form.
When the forms are set-up, save the screen layout by clicking on the Save Layout button. You can reopen a saved layout at
any time by clicking on Flowsheet on the simulation explorer and finding the saved layout below. Saved layouts appear as
pencil shaped icons, as seen in Figure 22.
Figure 22: Save and reopen layouts
Running the Simulation
Make sure the task is activated by clicking on the Flowsheet button on the simulation
explorer, finding the task, and checking to see if symbol has a lightning bolt in front of it
(Figure 23). If it is not, double-click on the symbol to activate it. After the task is active,
make sure the mode is dynamic and run the model.
Figure 23: Make sure the task is active
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View the forms you have set up and see how the model reacts to the pressure relief. Figure 24 below shows what the
model should look like after 3 hours.
Figure 24: Example model after 3 hours
Additional Resources
Public Website
Aspen Plus www.aspentech.com/products/aspen-plus.aspx
Aspen Plus Dynamics www.aspentech.com/products/aspen-dynamics.aspx
Online Training
www.aspentech.com/products/aspen-online-training
YouTube Channel:
www.youtube.com/user/aspentechnologyinc
Appendix
Configuring Aspen Properties in Aspen Plus Dynamics if you are
Running Aspen Plus V8.2
If you are running an Aspen Plus V8.2 model and have never used
Aspen Plus Dynamics, you may have to configure the properties for
Aspen Plus Dynamics. To do this, open the start menu and go to All
Programs>AspenTech>Process Modeling V8.0>Aspen Plus
Dynamics>Aspen Properties Version Selector. In Version, select
Aspen Properties V8.2 and click OK (Figure A1).
Figure A1: Configure properties
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For a complete list of offices, please visit
www.aspentech.com/locations
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, the Aspen leaf logo, the aspenONE logo, and OPTIMIZE are trademarks of Aspen
Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. 11-3795-0713
About AspenTech
AspenTech is a leading supplier of software that optimizes process manufacturingfor energy, chemicals,
engineering and construction, and other industries that manufacture and produce products from a
chemical process. With integrated aspenONE
solutions, process manufacturers can implement best

practices for optimizing their engineering, manufacturing, and supply chain operations. As a result,
AspenTech customers are better able to increase capacity, improve margins, reduce costs, and become
more energy efficient. To see how the worlds leading process manufacturers rely on AspenTech to
achieve their operational excellence goals, visit www.aspentech.com.

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