Statistical Symbols

Population - parameter Sample - statistic

size:
N n
center:
mean mu
x x bar
median
n/a
M or
~
x x tilde
proportion pi p
(p in text) (
p
in text)
spread:
ariance
!
si"ma s#uared s
!
s s#uared $ (x - x )
!
/(n - %)
standard deiation si"ma s
ran"e
n/a n/a
inter#uartile ran"e
n/a
&'( $ ') - '%
relatie standin":
z score $ (x - mean)/sd
* z
t+e , o- sd.s -rom t+e mean
-or biariate data:
correlation coe--icient r+o
r
slope % beta % b%
intercept / beta nau"+t b/
0+ese are -ixed numbers1 0+ese ary -rom sample to sample2
usually un3no4n2 5e use t+em to estimate t+e
population parameters2
Standard Normal 6istribution Notation: * ~ N(/1%
!
) *1 a random ariable1 is distributed normally 4it+
mean1 $ /1 ariance1
!
$ %
!
1 and standard deiation1 $ %2
Non-Standard Normal 6istribution: 7 ~ N(x1x
!
) 71 a random ariable1 is distributed normally 4it+
mean1 1 ariance1
!
1 and standard deiation1 2
Samplin" 6istribution o- t+e Sample 8ean -rom a Normal Population:
X n ~ N(x1 x
!
/n)
X n1 a
random ariable calculated -rom a sample o- size n1 is distributed normally 4it+ mean1
X

$ x (t+e mean
o- t+e parent population)1 ariance1
!
X
$ x
!
/n and standard deiation1
X
$ x/ n 2
Samplin" 6istribution o- t+e Sample Proportion: pn ~ N(1
(% )
n

) pn1 a random ariable1 is
distributed normally 4it+ mean1 p $ 1 ariance1 p
!
$
(% )
n

and standard deiation1 p $
(% )
n

2