Exam

Name___________________________________

1.
Eastern Mountain Sports uses Web 2.0 tools to increase collaboration, information sharing, and communication among
their employees, suppliers, and customers.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 80
AACSB:
Objective:

2.
A dashboard is a graphical display of performance results.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 80
AACSB:
Objective:

3.
Intermediation is the process of buying materials, products, and services directly from suppliers, distributors, or the
government.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 3
Type: TF
Page Ref: 83
AACSB:
Objective:

4.
Dynamic pricing is the most common way customers purchase items online.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 83
AACSB:
Objective:

5.
The emergence of electronic marketplaces has resulted in lower information search time and costs for buyers.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 85
AACSB:
Objective:

6.
In marketing, an intermediary is a third party that operates between manufacturers and buyers. Intermediaries of all
kinds ofer their services on the Web.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 86
AACSB:
Objective:

7.
Individuals are the largest consumers, accounting for more than 85 percent of EC volume and value activities.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 86
AACSB:
Objective:

8.
Disintermediation is the elimination of intermediaries between sellers and buyers.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 87
AACSB:
Objective:

9.
Travelers using airline Web sites to book their fights directly, without the use of travel agents, is resulting in the
reintermediation of travel agents.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 3
Type: TF
Page Ref: 87
AACSB:
Objective:

10.
A single-sided e-marketplace is a private e-marketplace in which one company makes purchases from invited suppliers.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 88
AACSB:
Objective:

11.
Private and public are two types of e-marketplaces.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 88
AACSB:
Objective:

12.
Electronic storefronts, Internet malls, and exchanges are major B2B e-marketplaces.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 89
AACSB:
Objective:

13.
Microsite refers to a page or pages that are meant to function as an auxiliary supplement to a primary website.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 89
AACSB:
Objective:

14.
A Web portal is a single point of access, through a Web browser, to critical business information loaded inside and outside
(via Internet) an organization.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 90
AACSB:
Objective:

15.
Pure-play stores sell only one or a few kinds of products.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 90
AACSB:
Objective:

16.
A widget is an element of user interface that displays an information arrangement changeable by the user, such as a
window.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 91
AACSB:
Objective:

17.
The two major types of online intermediaries are infomediaries and negotiators.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 92
AACSB:
Objective:

18.
A shopping facilitator is a type of broker and helps consumers compare prices and service at diferent stores.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 92
AACSB:
Objective:

19.
WebMD, which is the largest U.S. medical services company, is known mainly for its webmd.com consumer portal, but its
core business is being an e-intermediary.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 93
AACSB:
Objective:

20.
A desktop search is conducted by tools that search only the contents of the user's own computer fles.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 95
AACSB:
Objective:

21.
Search engines not only "search and match," but also have capabilities that can be used to perform routine tasks that
require intelligence.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 96
AACSB:
Objective:

22.
Shopping carts for B2B are fairly simple, but a shopping cart for B2C may be more complex.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 97
AACSB:
Objective:

23.
An electronic shopping cart is an order-processing technology that allows customers to accumulate items they wish to
buy while they continue to shop.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 97
AACSB:
Objective:

24.
An auction is a competitive process and market mechanism that uses a competitive process by which a seller solicits
consecutive bids from buyers or a buyer solicits bids from sellers.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 98
AACSB:
Objective:

25.
Forward auctions are bidding or tendering systems in which the buyer places an item for bid on a request for quote (RFQ)
system; then potential suppliers bid on the job, with the price reducing sequentially, and the lowest bid wins.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 3
Type: TF
Page Ref: 100
AACSB:
Objective:

26.
Reverse auctions are primarily B2C.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 100
AACSB:
Objective:

27.
English and Yankee are the two major types of double auctions.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 100
AACSB:
Objective:

28.
E-auctions are becoming less important selling and buying channels for companies and individuals.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 101
AACSB:
Objective:

29.
The major limitations of e-auctions are minimal security, possibility of fraud, and a limited participation.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 102
AACSB:
Objective:

30.
A limitation of e-bartering for businesses is that excess capacity items such as ofce space, storage, factory space, idle
facilities, and labor cannot be bartered.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 103
AACSB:
Objective:

31.
Bartering is the exchange of goods and services.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 103
AACSB:
Objective:

32.
Twitter is a free microblogging service that allows its users to send and read other users' updates.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 107
AACSB:
Objective:

33.
E-marketplaces, shopping carts, e-catalogs, and auctions are the major Web 2.0 mechanisms.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 3
Type: TF
Page Ref: 109
AACSB:
Objective:

34.
An auction is the most popular type of virtual community.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 114
AACSB:
Objective:

35.
Net neutrality is a big advantage of Web 3.0.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 123
AACSB:
Objective:

36.
The entertainment EC activity is supported by
A)
electronic markets.
B)
e-auctions.
C)
Web 2.0 tools.
D)
storefronts.
Answer:
C
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 82
AACSB:
Objective:

37.
EC activities include
A)
trading, buy, sell, and exchange.
B)
improve performance.
C)
communicate, collaborate, and learn.
D)
all of the above.
Answer:
D
Dif: 1
Type: MC
Page Ref: 82
AACSB:
Objective:

38.
Traditional and electronic markets have three main functions, which include each of the following except
A)
providing an institutional infrastructure, such as a legal and regulatory framework that enables the efcient functioning of
the market.
B)
fnancing the transformation of raw materials into fnished products.
C)
matching buyers and sellers.
D)
facilitating the exchange of information, goods, services, and payments associated with market transactions.
Answer:
B
Dif: 1
Type: MC
Page Ref: 84
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

39.
An online market, usually B2B, in which buyers and sellers exchange goods or services best defnes
A)
cyberstore.
B)
auction site.
C)
cybermarket.
D)
e-marketplace.
Answer:
D
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 85
AACSB:
Objective:

40.
The emergence of electronic marketplaces changed several of the processes used in trading and supply chains including
A)
the ability for EC to leverage capabilities with increased efectiveness and lower transaction and distribution costs, leading
to more efcient "friction-free" markets.
B)
lowering information search time and cost for buyers.
C)
the ability of buyers, sellers, and the virtual market to each be in a diferent location.
D)
all of the above.
Answer:
D
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 85
AACSB:
Objective:

41.
The portion of an e-seller's business through which customers interact, including the seller's portal, electronic catalogs,
shopping cart, and payment gateway is referred to as the ________ of the business.
A)
front end
B)
intermediary
C)
infrastructure
D)
back end
Answer:
A
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 86
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

42.
Each of the following is a major component and player in a marketspace except
A)
auctions.
B)
products and services.
C)
front end.
D)
infrastructure.
Answer:
A
Dif: 3
Type: MC
Page Ref: 86
AACSB:
Objective:

43.
Activities related to order aggregation and fulfllment, inventory management, purchasing from suppliers, accounting
and fnance, packaging, and delivery are done in what is termed the ________ of the business.
A)
back end
B)
front end
C)
intermediary
D)
infrastructure
Answer:
A
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 86
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

44.
The elimination of various types of agents that mediate between buyers and sellers, such as travel and insurance agents, is
referred to as
A)
automation.
B)
disintermediation.
C)
e-distribution.
D)
remediation.
Answer:
B
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 87
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

45.
A private e-marketplace in which one company sells either standard and/or customized products to qualifed companies
best defnes
A)
buy-side e-marketplace.
B)
Webstore.
C)
sell-side e-marketplace.
D)
hidden e-marketplace.
Answer:
C
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 88
AACSB:
Objective:

46.
Online markets that are owned and operated by a single company and that are either sell-side or buy-side are known as
A)
B2B marketplaces.
B)
commercial portals.
C)
e-malls.
D)
private e-marketplaces.
Answer:
D
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 88
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

47.
Each of the following is a true statement about public e-marketplaces except
A)
public marketplaces are not regulated by the government.
B)
public marketplaces are often owned by a third party.
C)
public marketplaces are usually B2B markets.
D)
public marketplaces serve many sellers and buyers.
Answer:
A
Dif: 3
Type: MC
Page Ref: 88
AACSB:
Objective:

48.
The major ________ mechanisms are storefronts and Internet malls.
A)
C2B
B)
B2B2C
C)
B2B
D)
B2C
Answer:
D
Dif: 3
Type: MC
Page Ref: 89
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

49.
An electronic storefront includes several mechanisms that are needed for conducting the sale. The most common
mechanisms include each of the following except
A)
electronic catalog.
B)
supply chain.
C)
search engine.
D)
payment gateway.
Answer:
B
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 89
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

50.
Types of stores and malls include
A)
pure-play stores.
B)
general stores/malls.
C)
specialized stores/malls.
D)
all of the above.
Answer:
D
Dif: 1
Type: MC
Page Ref: 90
AACSB:
Objective:

51.
A(n) ________ is a single point of access, through a Web browser, to critical business information located inside and
outside (via Internet) an organization.
A)
search engine
B)
browser
C)
Web portal
D)
intermediary
Answer:
C
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 90
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

52.
Electronic intermediaries that provide and/or control information fow in cyberspace, often aggregating information and
selling it to others, best defnes
A)
Webstore.
B)
metamediary.
C)
infomediaries.
D)
knowledge managers.
Answer:
C
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 92
AACSB:
Objective:

53.
An e-commerce intermediary that connects manufacturers with business buyers (customers) by aggregating the catalogs
of many manufacturers in one place best describes
A)
electronic catalog.
B)
metamediary.
C)
e-distributor.
D)
broker.
Answer:
C
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 94
AACSB:
Objective:

54.
The practice of identifying and enabling specifc content across the enterprise to be indexed, searched, and displayed to
authorized users best describes
A)
desktop search.
B)
portal search.
C)
enterprise search.
D)
web search.
Answer:
C
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 95
AACSB:
Objective:

55.
Which is not a popular search engine?
A)
Lycos
B)
AltaVista
C)
Google
D)
Linux
Answer:
D
Dif: 1
Type: MC
Page Ref: 96
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

56.
An order-processing technology that allows customers to accumulate items they wish to buy while they continue to shop
best defnes
A)
electronic shopping cart.
B)
e-fulfllment agent.
C)
mobile portal.
D)
intelligent agent.
Answer:
A
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 97
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

57.
Prices that change based on supply and demand relationships at any given time best defnes
A)
dynamic pricing.
B)
pre-shopping.
C)
negotiation.
D)
commodity pricing.
Answer:
A
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 98
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

58.
An auction in which a seller entertains bids from buyers, and the bidders increase price sequentially best defnes
A)
reverse auctions.
B)
bidding auction system.
C)
tendering system.
D)
forward auctions.
Answer:
D
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 100
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

59.
An auction in which the buyer places an item for bid on a request for quote system, potential suppliers bid on the job,
with the price reducing sequentially, and the lowest bid wins; this describes
A)
reverse auctions.
B)
bidding auction system.
C)
tendering system.
D)
forward auctions.
Answer:
A
Dif: 3
Type: MC
Page Ref: 100
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

60.
An auction in which multiple buyers and their bidding prices are matched with multiple sellers and their asking prices,
considering the quantities on both sides best defnes
A)
forward auction.
B)
penny auction.
C)
double auction.
D)
reverse auction.
Answer:
C
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 101
AACSB:
Objective:

61.
A formal auction in which participants pay a nonrefundable small fee for each bid, and the bid level changes by small
increments. This defnes
A)
penny auction.
B)
reverse auction.
C)
forward auction.
D)
charge-by-bid auction.
Answer:
A
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 101
AACSB:
Objective:

62.
Benefts of e-auctions to sellers include
A)
convenience of bidding anywhere and any time.
B)
lack of diferentiation.
C)
optimal price is determined by the market.
D)
anonymity.
Answer:
C
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 102
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

63.
Benefts of e-auctions to buyers include
A)
opportunities to fnd unique items.
B)
optimal price setting determined by the market.
C)
higher repeat purchases.
D)
liquidating large quantities quickly.
Answer:
A
Dif: 3
Type: MC
Page Ref: 102
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

64.
A marketplace in which an intermediary arranges barter transactions best defnes
A)
blog.
B)
forward auction.
C)
bartering exchange.
D)
Web portal.
Answer:
C
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 103
AACSB:
Objective:

65.
Which of the following is a social software tool?
A)
shopping carts
B)
blogs
C)
auctions
D)
e-catalogs
Answer:
B
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 104
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

66.
A combination of two or more websites into a single website that provides the content of both sites to deliver a novel
product to consumers best defnes
A)
wiki.
B)
blog.
C)
mashup.
D)
podcast.
Answer:
C
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 110
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

67.
A method for Internet users to store, organize, search, and manage bookmarks of Web pages on the Internet with the help
of metadata best defnes
A)
tagging.
B)
intermediating.
C)
social bookmarking.
D)
fltering.
Answer:
C
Dif: 3
Type: MC
Page Ref: 110
AACSB:
Objective:

68.
The practice and method of collaboratively creating, classifying, and managing tags to annotate and categorize content
best defnes
A)
folksonomy.
B)
mashup.
C)
tweeting.
D)
social bookmarking.
Answer:
A
Type: MC
Page Ref: 110
AACSB:
Objective:

69.
Which of the following was Stormhoek Winery's successful marketing campaign that had volunteers, over a series of days,
host dinners that included tasting Stormhoek wine?
A)
Stormhoek's No Grape Before It's Time Wine Tasting Event
B)
Stormhoek's Friends, Dinner, and Wine.
C)
100 Geek Dinners in 100 Days.
D)
Stormhoek's May Wine Days.
Answer:
C
Dif: 3
Type: MC
Page Ref: 111
AACSB:
Objective:

70.
Types of virtual communities include each of the following except
A)
virtual worlds.
B)
relations or practices.
C)
mashups.
D)
social networks.
Answer:
C
Dif: 3
Type: MC
Page Ref: 112
AACSB:
Objective:

71.
Which of the following refers to communities organized by interest, such as hobbies, technical topic, vocations, political
parties, or trade unions?
A)
afnity portals
B)
virtual worlds
C)
association portals
D)
communities of practice
Answer:
A
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 112-113
AACSB:
Objective:

72.
Facebook, LinkedIn, and catster.com are examples of
A)
virtual worlds.
B)
social network sites.
C)
communities of practice.
D)
gender communities.
Answer:
B
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 113
AACSB:
Objective:

73.
Which of the following is a global, multilanguage, social network popular in Asia and parts of Europe, Africa, and South
America?
A)
Hi5.com
B)
Iwiw.net
C)
Friendsreunited.co.uk
D)
Piczo.com
Answer:
A
Dif: 3
Type: MC
Page Ref: 114-115
AACSB:
Objective:

74.
Capabilities and services provided by social networking sites include
A)
discussion forums.
B)
viewing and sharing photos, videos, and documents.
C)
blogs for discussion and dissemination of information.
D)
all of the above.
Answer:
D
Dif: 1
Type: MC
Page Ref: 115
AACSB:
Objective:

75.
A virtual world is
A)
a combination of two or more websites into a single website that provides the content of both sites to deliver a novel
product to consumers.
B)
a user-defned world in which people can interact, play, and do business.
C)
a single point of access, through a Web browser, to critical business information located inside and outside (via Internet)
an organization.
D)
a social network whose major interest is business topics.
Answer:
B
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 119
AACSB:
Objective:

76.
Types of business activities in virtual worlds include each of the following except
A)
providing services for those who build, manage, or make money with virtual properties.
B)
operating a bed and breakfast in Nova Scotia.
C)
conducting regular business activities.
D)
creating and managing a virtual business.
Answer:
B
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 120
AACSB:
Objective:

77.
Which of the following consists of the creation of high-quality content and services produced by gifted individuals using
Web 2.0 technology as an enabling platform and is used to describe the future of the World Wide Web?
A)
Web 5.0
B)
Level 2.0
C)
Web 4.0
D)
Web 3.0
Answer:
D
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 121
AACSB:
Objective:

78.
An evolving extension of the Web in which Web content can be expressed not only in natural language, but also in a form
that can be understood, interpreted, and used by intelligent computer software agents, permitting them to fnd, share, and
integrate information more easily describes
A)
Web 2.0.
B)
Semantic Web.
C)
Camelot Web.
D)
Web 4.0.
Answer:
B
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 122
AACSB:
Objective:

79.
Concerns about Web 3.0 implementation and the future of EC include
A)
lack of net neutrality.
B)
the use of 3-D tools.
C)
ownership.
D)
wiring for a sustainable world.
Answer:
A
Dif: 3
Type: MC
Page Ref: 123
AACSB:
Objective:

80.
McKinsey and Company's trend predictions include(s)
A)
imagining anything as a service.
B)
distributed cocreation moves into the mainstream.
C)
innovation coming from the bottom of the pyramid.
D)
all of the above.
Answer:
D
Dif: 3
Type: MC
Page Ref: 124
AACSB:
Objective:

81.
List three ways in which electronic marketplaces have changed the processes used in trading and supply chains.
Answer:
Changes resulting from electronic marketplaces include greater information richness of the transactional and relational
environment, lower information search costs for buyers, diminished information asymmetry between sellers and buyers,
less time between purchase and possession of physical products purchased in the e-marketplace, greater temporal
proximity between time of purchase and time of possession of digital products purchased in the e-marketplace, the ability
of buyers and sellers to be in diferent locations, and the ability for EC to leverage capabilities with increased efectiveness
and lower transaction and distribution costs.
Dif: 2
Type: ES
Page Ref: 85
AACSB:
Objective:

82.
Defne marketspace. Identify the major components and players in the marketspace.
Answer:
A marketspace is where sellers and buyers can electronically exchange goods and services for money. The major
components and players include customers, sellers, products and services, infrastructure, front end, back end, and
intermediaries.
Dif: 2
Type: ES
Page Ref: 86
AACSB:
Objective:

83.
Briefy discuss four mechanism aids for Web 2.0 tools.
Answer:
Tags, folksonomy, mashups, and social bookmarks are four mechanism aids for Web 2.0 tools. A tag is a nonhierarchical
key word or term assigned to a piece of information. Folksonomy is the practice and method of collaboratively creating,
classifying, and managing tags to annotate and categorize content. Mashup refers to the combination of two or more
websites into a single website that provides the content of both sites. Social bookmarking is a Web service for sharing
Internet bookmarks.
Dif: 2
Type: ES
Page Ref: 109-110
AACSB:
Objective:

84.
Identify seven concerns regarding the implementation of Web 3.0 and the future of EC.
Answer:
Future threats, security concerns, lack of Net neutrality, copyright complaints, choppy connectivity, language ftness, and
standards are seven concerns regarding the implementation of Web 3.0 and the future of EC.
Dif: 2
Type: ES
Page Ref: 123-124
AACSB:
Objective:

85.
List fve of McKinsey and Company's predictions about the future of EC, Web 3.0, and Semantic Web.
Answer:
McKinsey and Company identifed ten trends including distributed cocreation moves into the mainstream, making the
network the organization, collaboration at scale, the growing "Internet of Things," experimentation and big data, wiring
for a sustainable world, imagining anything as a service, the age of the multisided business model, innovation coming
from the bottom of the pyramid, and producing public good on the information grid.
Dif: 3
Type: ES
Page Ref: 124
AACSB:
Objective:

1.
TRUE

2.
TRUE

3.
FALSE

4.
FALSE

5.
TRUE

6.
TRUE

7.
FALSE

8.
TRUE

9.
FALSE

10.
FALSE

11.
TRUE

12.
FALSE

13.
TRUE

14.
TRUE

15.
FALSE

16.
TRUE

17.
FALSE

18.
FALSE

19.
TRUE

20.
TRUE

21.
FALSE

22.
FALSE

23.
TRUE

24.
TRUE

25.
FALSE

26.
FALSE

27.
FALSE

28.
FALSE

29.
TRUE

30.
FALSE

31.
TRUE

32.
TRUE

33.
FALSE

34.
FALSE

35.
FALSE

36.
C

37.
D

38.
B

39.
D

40.
D

41.
A

42.
A

43.
A

44.
B

45.
C

46.
D

47.
A

48.
D

49.
B

50.
D

51.
C

52.
C

53.
C

54.
C

55.
D

56.
A

57.
A

58.
D

59.
A

60.
C

61.
A

62.
C

63.
A

64.
C

65.
B

66.
C

67.
C

68.
A

69.
C

70.
C

71.
A

72.
B

73.
A

74.
D

75.
B

76.
B

77.
D

78.
B

79.
A

80.
D

81.
Changes resulting from electronic marketplaces include greater information richness of the transactional and relational
environment, lower information search costs for buyers, diminished information asymmetry between sellers and buyers,
less time between purchase and possession of physical products purchased in the e-marketplace, greater temporal
proximity between time of purchase and time of possession of digital products purchased in the e-marketplace, the ability
of buyers and sellers to be in diferent locations, and the ability for EC to leverage capabilities with increased efectiveness
and lower transaction and distribution costs.

82.
A marketspace is where sellers and buyers can electronically exchange goods and services for money. The major
components and players include customers, sellers, products and services, infrastructure, front end, back end, and
intermediaries.

83.
Tags, folksonomy, mashups, and social bookmarks are four mechanism aids for Web 2.0 tools. A tag is a nonhierarchical
key word or term assigned to a piece of information. Folksonomy is the practice and method of collaboratively creating,
classifying, and managing tags to annotate and categorize content. Mashup refers to the combination of two or more
websites into a single website that provides the content of both sites. Social bookmarking is a Web service for sharing
Internet bookmarks.

84.
Future threats, security concerns, lack of Net neutrality, copyright complaints, choppy connectivity, language ftness, and
standards are seven concerns regarding the implementation of Web 3.0 and the future of EC.

85.
McKinsey and Company identifed ten trends including distributed cocreation moves into the mainstream, making the
network the organization, collaboration at scale, the growing "Internet of Things," experimentation and big data, wiring
for a sustainable world, imagining anything as a service, the age of the multisided business model, innovation coming
from the bottom of the pyramid, and producing public good on the information grid.