Exam

Name___________________________________

1.
Engagement is the extent to which employees commit, rationally or emotionally, to the organization and how hard they
work as a result of this commitment.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 231
AACSB:
Objective:

2.
Online learning saves time and money by allowing information to be distributed quickly and by reducing travel costs.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 231
AACSB:
Objective:

3.
E-government is an e-commerce model that applies only to the interaction of a government with its business suppliers.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 232
AACSB:
Objective:

4.
The government-to-citizens (G2C) category of e-government includes all of the interactions between a government and its
citizens that can take place electronically.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 232
AACSB:
Objective:

5.
An objective of G2G is to decrease response times for jurisdictions and disciplines to respond to emergency incidents.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 233
AACSB:
Objective:

6.
Creating easy-to-fnd single points of access to government services for individuals is a G2B performance objective.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 233
AACSB:
Objective:

7.
Major areas of government-to-citizens (G2C) activities include social services, tourism and recreation, and research and
education.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 233
AACSB:
Objective:

8.
In the United States, during the 2008 presidential election, the candidates used blogs, social networks, and e-mail to reach
and infuence potential voters.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 233-234
AACSB:
Objective:

9.
The smart card system is used for electronic benefts transfer (EBT) in the United States to reduce fraud and processing
costs.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 235
AACSB:
Objective:

10.
By adding biometrics to the smart cards of benefciaries, the government expects to substantially reduce fraud in its
electronic benefts transfer (EBT) program.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 235
AACSB:
Objective:

11.
Intelink is a G2G service that helps state governments locate information about child support, including data on paternity
and enforcement of child-support obligations.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 236
AACSB:
Objective:

12.
The U.S. Navy provides a Lifelines portal, a G2E, to improve the quality-of-life fow of information to sailors and their
families.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 237
AACSB:
Objective:

13.
Governments are using Web 2.0 tools mainly for collecting taxes and fnes and for making beneft payments.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 238
AACSB:
Objective:

14.
Many governments own islands on Second Life on which they present diplomatic issues and advertise tourist attractions.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 239
AACSB:
Objective:

15.
M-government relies heavily on intranets and extranets for communicating with citizens.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 239
AACSB:
Objective:

16.
The ability to reach a larger number of people through mobile devices is one beneft of m-government.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 240
AACSB:
Objective:

17.
Most countries have adopted legislation for data and information practices that spell out the rights of citizens and the
responsibilities of the data holders.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 240
AACSB:
Objective:

18.
E-learning generally refers to purely Web-based learning.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 241
AACSB:
Objective:

19.
One limitation of e-learning is the lower content retention rate among learners compared to traditional in-person training.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 242
AACSB:
Objective:

20.
Because of the technology involved, the cost of providing an e-learning experience is 50-70 percent greater than the
traditional classroom.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 242
AACSB:
Objective:

21.
An important advantage of e-learning is that it provides a fear-free and privacy-protected environment in which students
can put forth any idea without fear of looking stupid.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 243
AACSB:
Objective:

22.
It is easy to control the transmission of copyrighted works downloaded from an e-learning platform.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 243
AACSB:
Objective:

23.
E-learning can be extended to students who are not computer literate and do not have access to the Internet.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 243
AACSB:
Objective:

24.
Companies use social networks for training and development.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 246
AACSB:
Objective:

25.
Students do not learn as much in a virtual world, such as Second Life, as they normally do in a traditional classroom.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 247
AACSB:
Objective:

26.
In VIS, static models display systems that evolve over time, and the evolution can be presented by animation.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 247-250
AACSB:
Objective:

27.
According to Ellis (2009), a robust learning management system should be able to consolidate training initiatives on a
scalable Web-based platform.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 248
AACSB:
Objective:

28.
Durability, portability, and searchable text are three advantages of e-books.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 250-251
AACSB:
Objective:

29.
Competing software and hardware standards are one of several limitations of e-books.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 251
AACSB:
Objective:

30.
Organizational knowledge is embedded in human capital, structured capital, and customer and partner capital.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 3
Type: TF
Page Ref: 252
AACSB:
Objective:

31.
Knowledge management as it relates to EC and IT is easy to implement.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 1
Type: TF
Page Ref: 256
AACSB:
Objective:

32.
Gurus is an online knowledge marketplace where experts exchange information with seekers via a live video chat session
for a prearranged fee.
Answer:
True

False
Dif: 3
Type: TF
Page Ref: 257
AACSB:
Objective:

33.
Expert location systems are designed to assist in career development.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 257
AACSB:
Objective:

34.
Collaborative commerce is an e-commerce technology that can be used to improve collaboration within and among
organizations, frequently in supply chain relationships.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 259
AACSB:
Objective:

35.
C2C is an e-commerce model in which consumers sell directly to other consumers.
Answer:

True
False
Dif: 2
Type: TF
Page Ref: 265
AACSB:
Objective:

36.
The three major elements of Caterpillar Inc.'s learning infrastructure include
A)
a learning technology infrastructure.
B)
an alignment strategy.
C)
governance.
D)
all of the above.
Answer:
D
Dif: 1
Type: MC
Page Ref: 231
AACSB:
Objective:

37.
Caterpillar University enables e-learning through its knowledge management system called
A)
CAT Universal Network.
B)
CAT Prep.
C)
Butterfy Knowledge Network.
D)
Caterpillar Knowledge Network.
Answer:
D
Dif: 1
Type: MC
Page Ref: 231
AACSB:
Objective:

38.
The e-commerce model in which a government entity buys or provides goods, services, or information to businesses or
individual citizens best defnes
A)
e-business.
B)
e-democracy.
C)
e-government.
D)
government integration.
Answer:
C
Dif: 1
Type: MC
Page Ref: 232
AACSB:
Objective:

39.
Which of the following is the e-government category that includes all the interactions between a government and its
citizens?
A)
government-to-public.
B)
government-to-citizens.
C)
government-to-business.
D)
government-to-individuals.
Answer:
B
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 232
AACSB:
Objective:

40.
Each of the following is an example of e-government except a(n)
A)
unemployed worker consulting a Web site operated by the state employment department to learn about job openings in
his city.
B)
contractor submitting an application for a building permit using a city hall Web site.
C)
citizen taking an online drivers' education course.
D)
eBay-seller selling surplus army supplies.
Answer:
D
Dif: 1
Type: MC
Page Ref: 232
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

41.
An example of G2C is a(n)
A)
road contractor using the Internet to submit a closed bid on a paving contract.
B)
employee at the Chamber of Commerce obtaining local demographic data from a U.S. census site.
C)
regional hospital conducting an online reverse auction for cleaning supplies.
D)
driver paying for the renewal of his auto tag online.
Answer:
D
Dif: 3
Type: MC
Page Ref: 233
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

42.
Sharing information more quickly and conveniently between the federal and state, local, and tribal governments is a
performance objective of which category of e-government?
A)
G2B
B)
G2C
C)
G2G
D)
IEE
Answer:
C
Dif: 3
Type: MC
Page Ref: 233
AACSB:
Objective:

43.
Reducing the burden on business by enabling online tax fling is a performance objective of which category of e-
government?
A)
IEE
B)
G2C
C)
G2B
D)
G2G
Answer:
C
Dif: 3
Type: MC
Page Ref: 233
AACSB:
Objective:

44.
Expanding access to information for people with disabilities is a performance objective of which category of e-
government?
A)
G2C
B)
G2G
C)
IEE
D)
G2B
Answer:
A
Dif: 3
Type: MC
Page Ref: 233
AACSB:
Objective:

45.
Each of the following is a reason to implement electronic voting except
A)
voting processes are historically subject to manipulation.
B)
voting processes cannot be confrmed.
C)
voting processes are subject to fraud or attempts to rig the votes.
D)
voting processes inherently are subject to errors.
Answer:
B
Dif: 3
Type: MC
Page Ref: 234
AACSB:
Objective:

46.
Politicians are using each of the following to communicate with voters and citizens except
A)
RFID.
B)
YouTube.
C)
blogs.
D)
MySpace and Facebook.
Answer:
A
Dif: 1
Type: MC
Page Ref: 234
AACSB:
Objective:

47.
Which of the following is the e-government category that includes interactions between governments and businesses?
A)
government-to-business.
B)
government-to-corporation.
C)
government-to-enterprise.
D)
government-to-government.
Answer:
A
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 235
AACSB:
Objective:

48.
Which of the following is the e-government category that includes activities within government units and those between
governments?
A)
government-to-government
B)
government-to-business
C)
government-to-unit
D)
government-to-practice
Answer:
A
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 236
AACSB:
Objective:

49.
Which of the following is the e-government category that includes activities and services between government units and
their employees?
A)
government-to-employees
B)
government-to-business
C)
government-to-division
D)
government-to-unit
Answer:
A
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 237
AACSB:
Objective:

50.
Governments use Web 2.0 tools mainly for
A)
collecting local, state, and federal taxes.
B)
distributing unemployment and welfare benefts.
C)
collaboration, dissemination of information, e-learning, online forums, and citizen engagement.
D)
procurement, voting, and e-learning.
Answer:
C
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 238
AACSB:
Objective:

51.
The way government makes use of Web 2.0 technologies to interact with citizens and provide government services best
describes
A)
Democracy 2.0.
B)
Government 2.0.
C)
Social Networking 2.0.
D)
Internet 2.0.
Answer:
B
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 238
AACSB:
Objective:

52.
According to an Australian Government 2.0 task force report, by embracing Government 2.0 governments can
A)
unlock the immense economic and social value of information and other content held by governments to serve as a
precompetitive platform for innovation.
B)
cultivate and harness the enthusiasm of citizens, letting them more fully contribute to their well-being and that of their
community.
C)
make democracy more participatory and informed.
D)
do all of the above.
Answer:
D
Dif: 1
Type: MC
Page Ref: 238
AACSB:
Objective:

53.
The wireless implementation of e-government mostly to citizens but also to businesses best describes
A)
government commerce.
B)
mobile government.
C)
Government 2.0.
D)
Web 2.0.
Answer:
B
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 239
AACSB:
Objective:

54.
The business forces driving the transition from traditional education to online learning include each of the following
except
A)
network connectivity.
B)
competition and cost pressures.
C)
limited supply of faculty with specialized expertise.
D)
technological change.
Answer:
C
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 241
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

55.
The online delivery of information for purposes of education, training, or knowledge management best describes
A)
location-based learning.
B)
edutainment.
C)
mobile learning.
D)
e-learning.
Answer:
D
Dif: 1
Type: MC
Page Ref: 241
AACSB:
Objective:

56.
Potential advantages of e-learning include each of the following except
A)
college professors are anxious to develop new online courses.
B)
it costs less to deliver education online than in a traditional classroom.
C)
learning time is reduced.
D)
knowledge retention is higher.
Answer:
A
Dif: 1
Type: MC
Page Ref: 242
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

57.
Benefts of e-learning include
A)
updated and consistent material.
B)
fexibility and self-paced.
C)
innovative teaching.
D)
all of the above.
Answer:
D
Dif: 1
Type: MC
Page Ref: 242
AACSB:
Objective:

58.
Potential drawbacks of e-learning include each of the following except
A)
assessment issues remain to be resolved.
B)
the intellectual property of content developers must be protected.
C)
instructors must be retrained.
D)
knowledge retention is lower than in traditional classrooms.
Answer:
D
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 243
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

59.
Drawbacks of e-learning include
A)
computer literacy.
B)
maintenance and updating.
C)
lack of face-to-face interaction and campus life.
D)
all of the above.
Answer:
D
Dif: 1
Type: MC
Page Ref: 243
AACSB:
Objective:

60.
Most universities use e-learning
A)
as a total replacement for traditional classrooms.
B)
exclusively in reaching students who could not otherwise attend classes.
C)
only when forced by administrators to use it as a way to recruit distant students or reduce costs.
D)
as a supplementary channel to traditional classrooms.
Answer:
D
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 244
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

61.
Formal education that takes place of campus, usually, but not always, through online resources best defnes
A)
virtual university.
B)
distance learning.
C)
self-paced learning.
D)
mobile learning.
Answer:
B
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 244
AACSB:
Objective:

62.
An online university from which students take classes from home or other ofsite locations, usually via the Internet best
describes
A)
click and mortar university.
B)
Web 2.0 university.
C)
distant university.
D)
virtual university.
Answer:
D
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 244
AACSB:
Objective:

63.
Learning, training, and knowledge sharing in social networks and by using social software tools for learning best
describes
A)
social learning.
B)
computer-based learning.
C)
self-paced learning.
D)
virtual learning.
Answer:
A
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 246
AACSB:
Objective:

64.
According to Derven (2009), social networking technology provides many creative means that can afect learning
including
A)
engaging next generation learners.
B)
providing content before a face-to-face learning event.
C)
using it as a coaching and mentoring tool.
D)
all of the above.
Answer:
D
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 246
AACSB:
Objective:

65.
Which of the following uses computer graphic displays to present the impact of decisions?
A)
visual interactive simulation.
B)
FAQ.
C)
information portal.
D)
progressive dashboard.
Answer:
A
Dif: 3
Type: MC
Page Ref: 247
AACSB:
Objective:

66.
Which of the following provides learning to an employee while the work is being done?
A)
information portal
B)
learning on-demand
C)
FAQ system
D)
decision support system
Answer:
B
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 248
AACSB:
Objective:

67.
Software applications for the administration, documentation, tracking, and reporting of training programs, classroom and
online events, e-learning programs and training content best describes
A)
automated-question answer systems.
B)
dashboards.
C)
learning management systems.
D)
visual performance systems.
Answer:
C
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 248
AACSB:
Objective:

68.
Which of the following is a Web 2.0 e-learning technology that ofers almost 400 e-learning products, including a
comprehensive library of Web-based classroom, distance-learning, and self-study curricula?
A)
eCollege
B)
IBM Workplace Collaborative Learning 2.0 software
C)
Macromedia
D)
ComputerPrep
Answer:
D
Dif: 3
Type: MC
Page Ref: 249
AACSB:
Objective:

69.
A focal point for all corporate training and learning activities, including online ones best describes
A)
e-university.
B)
online service center.
C)
computer-based learning.
D)
learning center.
Answer:
D
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 249
AACSB:
Objective:

70.
Which of the following is not a way that e-books can be delivered?
A)
via Web download
B)
via RFID
C)
via Web access
D)
via dedicated reader
Answer:
B
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 250
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

71.
The exclusive online publication of Stephen King's e-book Riding the Bullet
A)
was an unqualifed success and established electronic publishing as a legitimate competitor for traditional publishers.
B)
was disrupted by hackers who breached security, then distributed free copies of the book.
C)
was a failure because the cost of the book was too high.
D)
produced very few sales.
Answer:
B
Dif: 3
Type: MC
Page Ref: 250
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

72.
The primary advantage that e-books ofer publishers is
A)
the ability to reach many readers.
B)
the ease of customizing textbooks and trade books.
C)
lower production, marketing, and distribution costs.
D)
the ease of updating books in real-time.
Answer:
C
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 251
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

73.
A major purpose of an organizational knowledge base is to support and allow
A)
responsible blogging.
B)
e-learning.
C)
organizational capital.
D)
knowledge sharing.
Answer:
D
Dif: 1
Type: MC
Page Ref: 252
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

74.
The process of capturing or creating knowledge, storing it, updating it constantly, disseminating it, and using it whenever
necessary best describes
A)
information management.
B)
data management.
C)
knowledge management.
D)
decision making.
Answer:
C
Dif: 1
Type: MC
Page Ref: 252
AACSB:
Objective:

75.
The major tasks of knowledge management include each of the following except
A)
managing knowledge.
B)
capturing knowledge.
C)
creating knowledge.
D)
supplementing knowledge.
Answer:
D
Dif: 3
Type: MC
Page Ref: 253
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

76.
Knowledge ________ involves using various computer-based tools and techniques to analyze transaction data and
generate new ideas.
A)
management
B)
capture
C)
classifcation
D)
creation
Answer:
D
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 255
AACSB: Use of information technology
Objective:

77.
Updating knowledge as time progresses best describes
A)
knowledge classifcation.
B)
knowledge evolution.
C)
knowledge distribution.
D)
knowledge codifcation.
Answer:
B
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 255
AACSB:
Objective:

78.
A system that locates, extracts, and provides specifc answers to user questions expressed in natural language best
describes
A)
decision support system.
B)
FAQ.
C)
automated question-answer.
D)
knowledge location system.
Answer:
C
Dif: 1
Type: MC
Page Ref: 257
AACSB:
Objective:

79.
The central point of control for an e-market best defnes
A)
information portal.
B)
vendor hub.
C)
vortal.
D)
collaboration hub.
Answer:
D
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 261
AACSB:
Objective:

80.
A system in which retailers make their suppliers fully responsible for determining when to order and possibly how much
to order best describes
A)
customer relationship management.
B)
vendor-managed inventory.
C)
distribution management system.
D)
supply chain management.
Answer:
B
Dif: 2
Type: MC
Page Ref: 261
AACSB:
Objective:

81.
Identify four categories of e-government. For each category, identify two performance objectives.
Answer:
G2C, G2B, G2G, and IEE are four categories of e-government. For G2C, meeting the high public demand for information
and increasing the number of citizens who use the Internet to fnd information on recreational opportunities are two
performance objectives. For G2B, reducing the time to fll out export forms and locate information and reducing the
burden on businesses by enabling online tax fling are two performance objectives. For G2G, decreasing response times for
jurisdictions and disciplines to respond to emergency incidents and reducing the time to verify birth and death
entitlement information are two performance objectives. For IEE, increasing availability of training programs for
government employees and reducing the average time to process clearance forms are two objectives.
Dif: 2
Type: ES
Page Ref: 232-233
AACSB:
Objective:

82.
List four specifc benefts of e-learning.
Answer:
Learning and training time reduction, large number and diversity of learners, innovative teaching, measurement and
assessment of progress, cost reduction, higher content retention due to self-paced learning, richness and quality, fexibility
and self-paced, updated and consistent material, ability to learn from mobile devices, expert knowledge, and fear-free
environment are benefts of e-learning.
Dif: 2
Type: ES
Page Ref: 242-243
AACSB:
Objective:

83.
Defne social learning. Identify fve ways social networking technology can afect learning.
Answer:
Social learning refers to learning, training, and knowledge sharing in social networks and using social software tools for
learning. Link learners before and/or after a format learning event, use as a coaching and mentoring tool, reinforce and
sustain learning, determine future training needs and issues, and provide content before a face-to-face learning event are
fve ways social networking technology can afect learning.
Dif: 2
Type: ES
Page Ref: 246
AACSB:
Objective:

84.
Identify fve advantages of e-books.
Answer:
Advantages of e-books include portability, lower cost to buyers, searchable text, easy integration of content, and easy
updating and reprinting.
Dif: 1
Type: ES
Page Ref: 250-251
AACSB:
Objective:

85.
Identify fve major challenges faced when deploying collaboration technologies.
Answer:
Major challenges include insufcient budget, training end users, ROI difcult to measure, employee resistance, and
ensuring security.
Dif: 3
Type: ES
Page Ref: 264
AACSB:
Objective:

1.
TRUE

2.
TRUE

3.
FALSE

4.
TRUE

5.
TRUE

6.
FALSE

7.
TRUE

8.
TRUE

9.
TRUE

10.
TRUE

11.
FALSE

12.
TRUE

13.
FALSE

14.
TRUE

15.
FALSE

16.
TRUE

17.
FALSE

18.
FALSE

19.
FALSE

20.
FALSE

21.
TRUE

22.
FALSE

23.
FALSE

24.
TRUE

25.
FALSE

26.
FALSE

27.
TRUE

28.
TRUE

29.
TRUE

30.
TRUE

31.
FALSE

32.
FALSE

33.
TRUE

34.
TRUE

35.
TRUE

36.
D

37.
D

38.
C

39.
B

40.
D

41.
D

42.
C

43.
C

44.
A

45.
B

46.
A

47.
A

48.
A

49.
A

50.
C

51.
B

52.
D

53.
B

54.
C

55.
D

56.
A

57.
D

58.
D

59.
D

60.
D

61.
B

62.
D

63.
A

64.
D

65.
A

66.
B

67.
C

68.
D

69.
D

70.
B

71.
B

72.
C

73.
D

74.
C

75.
D

76.
D

77.
B

78.
C

79.
D

80.
B

81.
G2C, G2B, G2G, and IEE are four categories of e-government. For G2C, meeting the high public demand for information
and increasing the number of citizens who use the Internet to fnd information on recreational opportunities are two
performance objectives. For G2B, reducing the time to fll out export forms and locate information and reducing the
burden on businesses by enabling online tax fling are two performance objectives. For G2G, decreasing response times for
jurisdictions and disciplines to respond to emergency incidents and reducing the time to verify birth and death
entitlement information are two performance objectives. For IEE, increasing availability of training programs for
government employees and reducing the average time to process clearance forms are two objectives.

82.
Learning and training time reduction, large number and diversity of learners, innovative teaching, measurement and
assessment of progress, cost reduction, higher content retention due to self-paced learning, richness and quality, fexibility
and self-paced, updated and consistent material, ability to learn from mobile devices, expert knowledge, and fear-free
environment are benefts of e-learning.

83.
Social learning refers to learning, training, and knowledge sharing in social networks and using social software tools for
learning. Link learners before and/or after a format learning event, use as a coaching and mentoring tool, reinforce and
sustain learning, determine future training needs and issues, and provide content before a face-to-face learning event are
fve ways social networking technology can afect learning.

84.
Advantages of e-books include portability, lower cost to buyers, searchable text, easy integration of content, and easy
updating and reprinting.

85.
Major challenges include insufcient budget, training end users, ROI difcult to measure, employee resistance, and
ensuring security.