Connections 5

1
SESSION 5
MOMENT
CONNECTIONS
2
CONNECTION TYPES
Flange Welded / Web Bolted
Flange Plate Welded / Web Bolted
Flange Plate Bolted / Web Bolted
Flange Tee-Stub Bolted / Web Bolted
Moment End-Plate
3
FLANGE WELDED / WEB
BOLTED
V
u
M
u
4
Limit States:
Girder Flange-to-Column Flange Weld
Full penetration
Partial penetration
Fillet welds
5
Partial penetration welds are not
recommended.
Fillet welds should develop the flange in
tension.
f
f u
d ' req
b 392 . 1 5 . 1
) t d ( M
D

(1) 392 . 1 5 . 1
) 1 ( t F 9 . 0
D
f yf
d ' req

or
6
Web Plate Limit States:
Shear Yielding
Shear Fracture
Bearing
Block Shear Fracture
Weld Fracture
V
u
7
Notes:
Web plate connection is developed for
direct shear (no eccentricity)
High seismic design requires special
considerations
8
FLANGE PLATE WELDED /
WEB BOLTED
Top plate is narrower than b
f
Bottom plate is wider than b
f
9
Flange Plate Welded / Web
Bolted
Limit States:
Tension Flange Plate Yielding
F
fu
= M
u
/ (d + t
p,avg
)
F
fu
< F
y
A
g
= 0.9
F
fu
10
Flange Plate Welded / Web Bolted
Tension Flange Plate Fracture
F
fu
< F
u
A
e
= F
u
U A
g
= 0.75
Using LRFD Chapter B
U = 1.0 for L > 2w
= 0.87 for 1.5w < L < 2w
= 0.75 for w < L < 1.5w
F
fu
L
w
11
Flange Plate Welded /
Web Bolted
Tension Flange Plate Weld
F
fu
= M
u
/ d < (weld strengths)
Ffu
1.392 D
1.392 D
12
Bolted
Beam Tension Flange Block Shear
(Applies only with longitudinal welds)
Shear Area
Tension Area
13
Bolted
Compression Plate Buckling
Local buckling
Unstiffened
Element
Stiffened
Element
Unstiffened
Element
tp
b
y
p
y
p
f
F
95
t
b
d Unstiffene
F
253
t
b
Stiffened
< << <
< << <
14
Bolted
Compression Plate Buckling
Flexural buckling
F
fu
< F
cr
A
g
= 0.85
F
cr
= f (kl/r)
Column
Flange
L
15
Bolted
Compression Flange Plate Weld
F
fu
= M
u
/ d < (weld strengths)
Ffu
1.392 D
16
FLANGE PLATE BOLTED /
WEB BOLTED
17
Tension Flange Plate Limit States are
Same as for a Tension Member:
1. Tension Yielding
2. Tension Fracture
3. Block Shear
18
Note: For tension fracture
T
n
= 0.75 F
u
A
n
(Consider Whitmore Section)
F
fu
1
1
2
2
Tension Yield
Tension Fracture
Flange Plate
19
Ffu
Ffu
b
b
a
a
Ffu
c
c
b
b
a, b
a, b
Flange Plate
Block Shear
20
Compression Plate Limit States:
Buckling
Stiffened
Element
Unstiffened
Element
b
tp
Unstiffened
Element
L
Flange
Column
Local Buckling Lateral Buckling
21
Bolt Fracture and Plate Bearing
F
u
= M
u
/ d < r
n
Long connection rule (Table J3.2 Footnote [e])
When bearing-type connections used to splice
tension members have a fastener pattern whose
length, measured parallel to the line of force,
exceeds 50 in., tabulated values shall be reduced
by 20 percent
22
Girder Limit States:
Reduced Flexural Strength
Block Shear
23
V
u
M
u
24
If 0.75 F
u
A
fn
< 0.9 F
y
A
fg
then A
fe
= effective tension flange area
= (5 F
u
A
fn
) / (6 F
y
)
From which Z
eff
is calculated
25
Beam Flange
Block Shear
Ffu
b
Ffu
b
a
a
26
Web Plate / Web Bolts
Same as for
Flange Welded / Web Bolted Connection
(No Eccentricity)
V
u
27
FLANGE TEE-STUB
BOLTED / WEB BOLTED
28
Flange Tee-Stub Bolted/ Web Bolted
Limit States:
Tee Stub ! !! ! Tee Hanger
Girder ! !! ! Flange Plate Bolted
Web Plate ! !! ! Same as previous
29
COLUMN SIDE LIMIT
STATES
Flange and Flange Plate Connections
Local Flange Bending (K1.2)
Local Web Yielding (K1.3)
Local Web Crippling (K1.4)
Web Buckling (K1.6)
Panel Zone Yielding (K1.7)
30
Column Side Limit States
T
u
Stress
Concentration
T
u
31
T
u
< R
n
R
n
= 0.9 (6.25 t
fc
2
F
yc
)
If T
u
> R
n
, half depth stiffeners required
32
Local Web Yielding (K1.3)
T
u
or C
u
< R
n
= 1.0 F
yc
(5k
design
+ t
p
) t
wc
If T
u
or C
u
> R
n
Fy
Tu or Cu
2.5
1
N = t
p
or t
f
5
k
d
e
s
i
g
n
+

N
33
Local Web Crippling (K1.4)
Same design rules as for beam bearing
(Session 4)
N = t
p
or t
f
If C
u
> R
n
C
u
34
Local Web Yielding and Crippling
Which k?
k for design from
AISC Advisory Changes to T, k and k
1
dimensions for W-Shapes
35
Web Buckling (K1.6)
C
u
< R
n
h = clear distance between fillets
(get from tabulated h/t
w
value)
If max C
u
> R
n
, full depth stiffeners required
h
F t 4100
R
yc
3
wc
n

Cu Cu
36
Transverse Stiffener Design
(K1.9 Requirements)
T
u
t
s
t
wc
b
f
or b
p
b
s
b
s
> d/2
t
f
or t
p
37
Transverse Stiffener Design
y
s
s
p f
s
p f
wc
s
F
95
t
b
2
t or t
t
3
b or b
2
t
b

+ ++ +
Local Buckling
(Compression only)
38
Load Path Assumptions When Transverse
Stiffeners are Required
Assumptions:
Column resists R
n
Stiffeners resist difference
Stiffener Force = C
u,net
or T
u,net
= (C
u
or T
u
) min R
n
= R
u
min R
n
39
Total Stiffener Area
Comp.) (for
F 85 . 0
R R
A
Tension) (for
F 9 . 0
R R
A
ys
n u
st
ys
n u
st

b
s
A
st
/ 2
Clip
3/4" Min.
Clip
3/4" Min.
40
Stiffener-to-Flange Weld
Weld must develop the contact area
or
Full Penetration Weld
(2) (1.392) 1.5
t F 0.85) or 9 . 0 (
(2) clip) b ( (1.392) 1.5
t clip) b ( F 0.85) or 9 . 0 (
D
s y
s
s s y

41
Stiffener-to-Web Weld
Tu, net Cu, net
Vu / 2
Vu / 2
V
u
= C
u,net
+ T
u,net
42
Stiffener Design When Required for
Local Web Buckling (K1.6)
Design as a
Compression Member
with Cruciform
Cross Section.
Provisions are in LRFD K1.9.
25 t
wc
t
wc
t
s
43
Compression Member Design
A = 25 t
w
2
+ A
st
k = 0.75
L = d
c
2 t
fc
kL/r ! !! ! F
cr
! !! ! P
n
P
n
> max C
u
25 t
wc
t
wc
t
s
44
Connections at Top of Columns
Column side strengths
are approximately
one-half of above, see
specification sections
K1.2 K1.6.
Cu Cu
45
P
u
Panel Zone
Yielding (K1.7)
46
At section A-A
0.9 R F
d 95 . 0 t d d
d 95 . 0 t d d
V
d
M
d
M
F
v u
2 2 f 2 2 m
1 1 f 1 1 m
u
2 m
2 u
1 m
1 u
u
< << <

+ ++ +

47
When effect of panel zone deformation
on frame stability is not considered
(Section K1.7):
For P
u
< 0.4 P
y
= 0.4 F
y
A
g
R
v
= 0.60 F
y
d
c
t
wc
(shear yielding)
For P
u
> 0.4 P
y
= 0.4 F
y
A
g
R
v
= 0.60 F
y
d
c
t
wc
[1.4 (P
u
/ P
y
)]
48
See K1-7(b) for strength when the effect of
panel zone deformation on frame
stability is considered.
49
Panel Zone Doubler Plate
If F
u
> R
v
,
a doubler plate is required.
V
u
= F
u
R
v
V
u
Note: Use two plates if required
thickness is greater than 1 in.
50
Required t
pd
so that
V
u
< V
n
V
n
from LRFD Section F2
= 0.9
t
p
h = d - 2t
f
51

, ,, ,
_ __ _

, ,, ,
_ __ _

> >> >

p
yp
p yp n
yp
p
p yp n
yp
p
t
h
F
418
t h F 6 . 0 V
Buckling) (Inelastic
F
418
t
h
For
t h F 6 . 0 V
Yielding) (Shear
F
418
t
h
For
52
Example: Design Moment Connection
A36 Plate
3/4 in. A325-N Bolts
E70XX
V
u
= 75 k
M
u
= 1050 k-ft
W24x103
A992
M
u
= 1050 k-ft
P
u2
= 1335 k
P
u1
= 1200 k
W
1
4
x
1
5
9
A
9
9
2
W24x103
A992
V
u Story
= 90 k
V
u
= 60 k
53
Example: Moment Connection
W24x103 W14x159
M
n
1,050 k-ft
d 24.53 14.98
t
w
0.550 0.745
b
f
9.000 15.565
t
f
0.980 1.190
k 1 .79 (design)
h/t
w
15.3
A 46.7 in
2
54
W24x103 to Column
Girder Flange-to-Column Flange
Use Full Penetration Welds with
Backing Bars.
Girder Web-to-Column Flange
Single Plate
No eccentricity considered.
55
4 @ 3"
1
1
4
"
1
1
4
"
1
1
2
"
2"
5/16
13/16 in. holes
PL 5/16 x 3 1/2 x 1-2 1/2 A36
W24x103 Web-to-Column Flange
5 - 3/4 in. A325-N Bolts
56
V
u
= 75 kips
Limit States:
Net Shear Fracture: V
n
= 82.6 k OK
Block Shear: V
n
= 88.6 k OK
Bearing V
n
= 154.2 k OK
Bolt Shear: V
n
= 79.5 k OK
Weld Fracture V
n
= 88.1 k OK
57
Column Side Design
W24x103
M
u
= 1,050 ft-kips
T
u
= C
u
= (1050 x 12) / (24.53 0.980)
= 535.0 k
58
V
= 90 k
u
2
3
23.55 in.
C
u
= 535.0 k
4
T
u
= 535.0 k
1
23.55 in.
C
u
= 535.0 k
T
u
= 535.0 k
59
Column Flange Bending (K1.2)
R
n
= 0.9( 6.25 t
fc
2
F
y
)
= 0.9 (6.25 x 1.19
2
x 50)
= 398.3 k < T
u
= 535.0 k
For This Loading, Half-Depth Stiffeners
Required at 1 and 3.
60
Column Web Yielding (K1.3) - Continued
R
n
= 1.0 (5 k
design
+ t
f
) F
y
t
w
= 1.0 (5 x 1.79 + 0.980) (50) (0.745)
= 369.9 k < T
u
and C
u
= 535.0 k
Half-Depth Stiffeners Required at all
locations.
Use Full Depth Stiffeners Top and Bottom.
61
Column Web Crippling (K1.4)
W24x103
R
n
= 551.0 k > C
u
= 535.0 k OK
w
f yw
5 . 1
f
w
2
w n
t
t F E
t
t
d
N
3 1 t (0.80) 0.75 R
1 11 1
1 11 1
] ]] ]
1 11 1

, ,, ,
_ __ _

, ,, ,
_ __ _

+ ++ +
62
Stiffener 1 2
V
u
= 165.1 + 165.1
= 330.2 k
k 165.1
369.9
398.3
min 0 . 535 T
1

k 165.1
369.9 0 . 535 C
2

63
Stiffener 1 2
Tension Side:
A
st
= 165.1 / (0.9 x 36) = 5.09 in
2
Compression Side:
A
st
= 165.1 / (0.85 x 36) = 5.40 in
2
Try PL 5/8 x 6
A
st
= 2 (6 0.75) (0.625)
= 6.56 in
2
> A
st
OK
64
t
s
= 0.625 in. > t
fb
= 0.980 / 2 = 0.490in. OK
b
s
= 6 in. > (10.450 / 3) (0.745 / 2) = 3.11 in.
OK
Use 2 PL 5/8 x 6 Top and Bottom
OK 8 . 15
36
95
F
95
6 . 9
625 . 0
6
t
b
y
s
s
< << <
65
Stiffener Welds
Flange:
Use 5/16 in. FILLET welds
1/16ths 8 . 4
2 392 . 1 5 . 1
36 625 . 0 9 . 0
D

66
Web: T = 11.25 in.
D = (165.1) / (11.25 x 2 x 1.392) = 5.27
Minimum weld 5/16 in.
Use 3/8 in. Fillets on Both Sides
165.1 / 2 = 82.6 k
165.1 / 2 = 82.6 k
330.2 / 2 = 165.1 k
67
2 PL 5/8 x 6
W24x103
A992
W14x159
A992
W24x103
A992
2 PL 5/8 x 6
68
C
u
= 535.0 k
P
u2
= 1335 k
12.6 in.
T
u
= 535.0 k
V
u Story
= 90 k
23.55 in.
P
u1
= 1200 k
T
u
= 535.0 k
C
u
= 535.0 k
69
Panel Zone
V
u
= 535.00+ 535.0 90.0
= 980.0 k
P
u
= (1200 + 1335) / 2
= 1268 k
0.4 P
y
= 0.4 F
y
A
g
=4 (50 x 46.7)
= 0.4 (2335)
= 934 k < 1268 k
23.55 in.
12.6 in.
I
P
u2
= 1335 k
P
u1
= 1200 k
70
Shear Strength of Column Web
Since P
u
> 0.4 P
y
= 934 k
V
n
= 0.9 (0.6 F
y
) (d
c
x t
wc
) (1.4 P
u
/ P
y
)
= 0.9(0.6 x 50)(14.98 x 0.745)
(1.4 1278 / 2330)
= 256.6 k < V
u
= 980.0 k
in. 48 . 2
) 98 . 14 )( 36 6 . 0 ( 9 . 0
6 . 256 0 . 980
t
d ' req , dp

71
Use (2) 1 1/4 in. Web Doubler Plates
h = d 2 t
f
= 14.98 2 (1.190)
= 12.6 in.
Check Plate Buckling
OK 7 . 69
36
418
0 . 10
25 . 1
6 . 12
t
h
w
< << <
72
Panel Zone Welds:
Long side
V
uw
= (980.0 256.6) / 2 = 361.7 k
D = 361.7 / (1.392 x 23.55) = 11.0
Use Full Penetration Weld
Short Side
Use minimum weld; 5/16 in.
73
Final Design
2 PL 5/8 x 6
Mu = 1050 k-ft
Typ at
Flanges
W24x103
A992
3/8
3/8
P
u2
= 1335 k
(2) 1 1/4 in Plates
M
u
= 1050 k-ft
2 PL 5/8 x 6
W14x159
A992
5/16
V
u Story
= 90 k
P
u1
= 1200 k
Typ at
Flanges
W24x103
A992
V
u
= 75 k
Vu = 60 k
Typ.
74
END OF SESSION 5

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