Psychopathology

defines basis of illness

&
Phenomenology
describes condition as
experienced by patients
 Thought
STREAM CONTINUITY
• Perseveration: operations
persist beyond relevance
Flight of ideas • Thought block: sudden
• Rapid succession arrest of train of thoughts
• Chance associations POSSESSION
• Goal directed • Obsessions: unwanted own
thoughts
Poverty of thoughts • Alienation: loss of control
FORM
• Loss of associations
Circumstantiality • Overinclusiveness
• Slow progress • Concreteness
• Unnecessary details
• Goal directed
 Delusions
1. False Primary
2. Fixed • Mood
3. Unshakable • Perception
4. Cannot be • Idea
explained

Secondary
Overvalued idea Derived from other
if any of the above morbid experience
missing
 Mood states
• Mood: day to day feeling state

• Affect: outward expression of mood

• Blunting: inability to feel and a matching

disability to express profound emotions

• Incongruous: mismatch between feeling and

cognitive state

• Loss of affect: subjective inability to feel

 Perception
Illusion: misinterpretation of stimuli
• Lack of perceptual clarity
• Intense emotions

Hallucinations: perceptions without

stimulus
• Objective space
• Independent of will
• Sensory elements full and fresh
 Abnormal perception
Hallucinations Pseudo hallucinations
• Objective space • Subjective space

• Independent of will • Some degree of control

possible
• Sensory elements full
and fresh • Lacks clarity

• No insight • Some degree of insight

• Consciousness clear • Consciousness may be

impaired/altered
 Catatonia
Means appositional tone
Includes
• Ambivalence
• Ambitendence
• Waxy flexibility
• Negativism & automatic obedience
• Stupor and excitability