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Rural Schools and

e-Learning
Liam Bennett, Jasmine Brazil, Dara Crowell,
Leanne Donovan, Chris Downey, Liz Drover,
Laura Estrada, Jess Maddigan, Justin Noseworthy
*Note: The views expressed in this presentation are not necessarily those of the presenters
Introduction
Centre for Distance Learning and Innovation
offers more than 30 different high school courses
to over 100 schools in NL
implements D2L and Elluminate Live
Elluminate Live
YouTube
Guiding Question: Do the costs
of funding rural schools
outweigh the benefits?
Learning Circles: Activity #1
What does the research suggest?
What are the costs?
What are the benefits?
The Research: Pros & Cons
Pros for Rural Schooling
A Look at Schooling in Rural
Newfoundland and Labrador
Communication
Challenges for Rural Schooling
21
st
century learning
Knowledge and skills for the
workforce
Access to opportunity
More courses
Perspectives
E-learning platforms now
Adaptive & user-sensitive
Resources
School Culture
Local Education
Collaboration
Keep our school open!
Challenges of Rural Education
Right-sizing vs. Downsizing
Access to resources
Recruiting qualified teachers
High costs vs. limited funding
Learning Circles: Activity #2
Case Study:
Read and answer the questions
that follow.
Learning Circles: Activity #2
1. Do you agree with the NLESDs decision? Why or why not?
2. Do budgetary restrictions validate closing small, community schools, or
should the school board increase funding to meet the social and educational
needs of rural populations?
3. How can rural schools be kept open in the face of an increasingly
centralized and urban society?
Learning Circles: Activity #2
Now Vote!
Should Slow Stream Academy be kept open?
Green = Yes, the benefits outweigh the costs!
Red = No, it is just not feasible!
Conclusion
References
Stevens, K. J. (2003). E-Learning and the Development of Open Classes for Rural Students in
Atlantic Canada, In: Jo Bradley (ed) The Open Classroom - Distance Learning in Schools,
London, Kogan Page.
Stevens, K. J. (2007). Objective and Subjective Engagement with the Non-Local World by
Rural School Leavers, International Journal of Rural Psychology, (August) p: 1-13. http:
//www.ruralpsych.com/page3.html
Stevens, K. J. (2003). The Management of Virtual Classes in School District Digital Intranets,
In, Cathy Cavanaugh (ed) Development and Management of Virtual Schools: Issues and
Trends Hershey, PA, Idea Group Inc.
Stevens, K. J. & Stewart, D. (2005). Cybercells - Learning In Actual and Virtual Groups,
Melbourne, Thomson-Dunmore
Barbour, M. K. (2011). The promise and the reality: Exploring virtual schooling in rural
jurisdictions. Education in Rural Australia, 21(1), 1-19.
More references
Belair, M. (2012). The investigation of virtual school communications. TechTrends, 56(4), 26-
33.
Cooper, S. B. (2012). A closer look at distance learning in the Kansas City, Missouri School
District. Distance Learning, 9(2), 26.
Granic, A. & Adams, R. (2011). User sensitive research in e-learning: Exploring the role of
individual user characteristics. Universal Access in the Information Society, 10(3), 307-318.
Howley, A., Wood, L. & Hough, B. (2011). Rural elementary school teachers technology
integration. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 26(9), 1.
Ileana P. Gutierrez. (2010). Global perspectives in open and distance learning and open
learning resources. Distance Learning, 7(1), 16.
Irvin, M. J., Hannum, W. H., Varre, C. d. l. & Farmer, T. W. (2010). Barriers to distance
education in rural schools. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 11(2), 73-90.
Johnson, M. (2012). Key issues in e-learning - by Norbert Pachler & Caroline Daly. British
Journal of Educational Technology, 43(3), E100-E100.
Still more references
Jung, I. (2011). The dimensions of e-learning quality: From the learners perspective.
Educational Technology Research and Development, 59(4), 445-464. doi: 10.1007/s11423-
010-9171-4
Kirby, D., Sharpe D., Bourgeois, M., & Greene, M. (2010). Graduates of the new learning
environment: A follow-up study of high school distance e-learning. Quarterly Review of
Distance Education, 11(3), 161-173.
Larry Kuehn. (2012). The voracious appetite of online learning. Our Schools, Our Selves, 21
(2), 95.
Murphy, E., Rodrguez-Manzanares, M. A., & Barbour, M. (2011). Asynchronous and
synchronous online teaching: Perspectives of Canadian high school distance education teachers.
British Journal of Educational Technology, 42(4), 583-591.
A progressive pedagogy for online learning with high-ability secondary school students: A case
study. (2010). Gifted Child Quarterly, 54(3), 239-251. doi: 10.1177/0016986209355973
Lots of references
Rao, K., Eady, M., & Edelen-Smith, P. (2011). Creating virtual classrooms for rural and remote
communities: Online learning may be the key to enabling people in less populous areas to earn
teaching degrees and other professional certificates. Phi Delta Kappan, 92(6), 22.
Siavash Omidinia, Maslin Masrom, & Harihuddin Selamat. (2011) Review of E-learning and
ICT infrastructure in developing countries (case study of Iran). American Journal of Economics
and Business Administration, 3(1), 120-125.
Turcotte, S., Laferrire, T., Hamel, C., & Breuleux, A. (2010). Multilevel innovation in remote
networked schools. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 23(4), 285-299.

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