8

.. FESPA

.
. ...

,
, (

)
)

,
,

.
. ...

(Principle)

, ,

((

,,
( ),

,

.
. ...


E0:

EK1
EK
1:

1-1:
,,
,
,

7: 1:

.
. ...

 ( 0)

G:
Q:
A: .

:
Fk

: Gk = (.. )

: Gk,sup

: Gk,inf

.
. ...

 ( 0)

0Qk :

- .

1Qk :


.

2Qk:


. ,
.

.
. ...

 ( 0)

.
:

EQU

, ,
, .
{

STR

GEO

FAT

.
. ...

 ( 0)

,
. :

--

d Rd
d = (.. )
Rd =

d ,dst

Ed,,stb
Ed

EQU

d,dst =
d,stb =

8

.
. ...

 ( 1)

,
,

,

:
;
:

qk
2
[kN/m ]

Qk
[kN]

2.0
3.5
5.0

2.0
2.0
3.0

.
. ...

 ( 1)

A, B D)

qk
2
[kN/m ]

Qk
[kN]

C1: . ..
, ,

,
,
, ,
.

3.0

3.0

C2: . ..
, /,
,
,
.

5.0

4.0

C3:
. .. ,
,
,

,
.

5.0

4.0

C4:
. ..

,
.

5.0

4.0

C5: .
.. ,
, ,
,
.

7.5

4.5

.
. ...

 ( 1)

qk
2
[kN/m ]

Qk
[kN]

D1:
, .

5.0

4.0

D2:

5.0

4.0

1:

,

7.5

7.0

2.5

20

2:
F

( 30
8
)

.
. ...

 ( 1)

,
, Qk,

.

0.05
0.050.05 m2.

A :
:

:
= (5/7)
(5/7)0 + 0/ 1.0
0 = 10.0 m2
A =

.
. ...

 ( 1)

A D:
, n:
n = [2+(n
[2+(n-2)
2)0]/
]/n
n
n = (n
(n>2)

: 4 (n
:
(n=4) ((
0=0.7)
n=0.85, 15%

.
. ...

 ( 0)

+ =
= ....

G,jGk,j + + Q,1Qk,1 +
Q,i0,
d =
0,iiQk,i

STR GEO
GEO,,
:
G,jGk,j + + Q,10,1Qk,1 +
Q,i0,
d =
0,iiQk,i
d = jG,jGk,j + + Q,1Qk,1 +
Q,i0,
0,iiQk,i

d = Gk,j + + ED + 2,iQk,i

.
. ...

 ( 0)

,
= 1.0

((-
)
d = Gk,j + + Qk,
k,1
1 + 0,iQk,i

( )
d = Gk,j
k j + + 1,1Qk,
k 1 + 2,iiQk,i
k,1
ki

( )
d = Gk,j + + 2,iQk,i

.
. ...

5
5--20m
20m s
C D,

S1
10 m
(PI
(PI>40)
>40)
S2

.
. ...


()

, vS,30
,

30, ,
NSPT.
NSPT.
vS,30

30m
30m

:
30
v S ,30 =
hi
v
i =1,N i
hi = (m
(m)
vi = i (
10-5, )
= 30 m

.
. ...

2003.

agR
,
,

TNCR = 475
((10%

50
).
)

: ag = IagR

0 80
0.80

1 00
1.00

1 20
1.20

1 40
1.40

agR
2003.

.
. ...

T
( 2.5 1)
Se ( T ) = ag S 1 +
TB

Se ( T ) = ag S 2.5

TC
T
T T
D 4sec Se (T ) = ag S 2.5 C 2 D
T

C D

Se (T ) = ag S 2.5

2.5 S

~ 1/T
S

0

8

~ 1/T2

TB

TC

TD

4.0
.
. ...

TB (sec)

TC (sec)

TD (sec)

1.00

0.15

0.40

2.50

1.20

0.15

0.50

2.50

1.15

0.20

0.60

2.50

1 35
1.35

0 20
0.20

0 80
0.80

2 50
2.50

1.40

0.15

0.50

2.50

10
0.55
5+

.
. ...

>1.
>1

30m
30m.

ST,
.

.
. ...



/
1

ST

i < 15

1.00

i > 15

1.20

i < 15

1.00

15 < i < 30

1.20

i > 30
30

1.40
1 40

i < 15

1.00

i > 15

1.44

i < 15

1.00

15 < i < 30

1.44

i > 30

1.68
1 68
.
. ...

T
( 3.0 1)
Sve ( T ) = avgg 1 +
TB

Sve ( T ) = avg 3.0

C D

Sve (T ) = avg 3.0

D 4sec Sve (T ) = avg 3.0

TC
T
TC TD

T2

avg /ag

TB (sec)

TC (sec)

TD (sec)

0.90

0.05

0.15

1.00

.
. ...



0
C
C D

2 T
Sd ( T ) = ag S +
3 TB
2. 5
S d ( T ) = ag S
q
2.5 TC
S d ( T ) = ag S

q T

D 4sec Sd (T ) = ag S

2 .5 2


q
3

ag

2.5 TC TD

ag
q
T2

q,
,
5%.
,
.

q
.

.
. ...

, avg,
ag

S=1.0
10

q 1.5 .
q > 1.5
.

.
. ...

Gk , j + E ,i Qk ,i

E,i = 2i

2i = 1 E0

A-C

1.0
0.8
0.5

D-F

1.0

:
:

, EK0,
EK0,

2.

8

.
. ...


(
(--)

,
,

Ptot d r
Vtot h

0.10
0 10

0.10 0.20

: 1 (1 )

0.20 0.30
.

0.30

.
. ...


Pilotis

,
,
= (1+
(1+V
VRw/
/V
VEd) q
VRw =
,
.
VEd =

.
<1.1, .

.
. ...

. :

, (

). L, ,
H, I, .

: 4
4,, =Lmax/Lmin

.
. ...


()

.
:

,

5%
.

.
. ...


()

x y,
e0 r
:
0,30rrx
e0x 0,30
rx

( y x)

e0x =
, x
(
(

)
rx =
rx =

s =
ls =

8

.
. ...

, ,

, , ,
.

,
.

,,


( pilotis
).

.
. ...



()

(a) L1-L2 0.2

0.20 L1

,


20%


(. a, b).

(b) L3+L1 0.2

0.20 L

8

.
. ...


()

<15%

,
50%

(. c).
(c) L3+L1 0.5
0.50 L

,


75%

.

8

.
. ...


()

,


30%

10%

(. d).

(d) L-L2 0.30 L

L1-L2 0.10 L1

.
. ...

 ..

,
65%

65%

.
:

50%

.
:

.
. ...

 ..

,
50%

.

,
20%
.
0.5 sec (
).

, . : rx
ls .

50%
1/3
.
d 0.3 .

.
. ...


,, q
..
: q = q0kw 1.5

kw = 1

.

0.5 kw 1.0

.

kw /
.

q0 = .

.
. ...

 , q0

q0

3. 0 u / 1

4 .5 u / 1

3.0

4 .0 u / 1

2.0

3.0

1.5

2.0

,, q0
20%
,
: M
M.

.
. ...

 u/1

u /1 1 :
1 =

.
u =

u /1


EK8
, 1.1 1.3.
1.3.

pushover,
pushover, 1.5
1.5..

.
. ...

 u/1 pushover

V ,
V=

=

1


, VA

u/1 : u/1 = VB/VA

.
. ...

-
(

).





:
tan
tan
= V,A/LV,A
tan
tan
= V,
V,
/LV,
V,

:
LV,A=LV,
V,
=L/2

.
. ...

 ()

.
:

,
,
- .

.
. ...

 1:

( u/1 8
8)
(DCM)

(DCH)

.
& .

3.30

2.64

3.15

2.52

3.60

2.88

3.30

3 90
3.90

3 12
3.12

3 45
3.45

. &
.

4.95

3.96

4.20

3.36

2.64

5.40

4.32

4.95

3.96

2 76
2.76

5 85
5.85

4 68
4.68

5 17
5.17

4 14
4.14

& .
. &
.

=
=
=

.
. ...

 2:
(kw=1
=1))
( u/1
8
8)
(DCM)

(DCH)

.
& .

3.00

2.40

3.00

2.40

3.00

2.40

3.00

3 60
3.60

2 88
2.88

3 30
3.30

. &
.

4.00

3.20

4.00

3.20

2.40

4.40

3.52

4.20

3.36

2 64
2.64

5 40
5.40

4 32
4.32

4 95
4.95

3 96
3.96

& .
. &
.

=
=


8

.
. ...

,
:
rx s
ry s

rx, ry = x y
s

,
.
0 ,
.

.
. ...

 ..

(

)
bc/4

bw min

bc+hw
2 bc

bc =


hw =

.
. ...

 ..
()

( )

bw 200 mm

hw /bw 3.5
( : max hw=0.875 m bw=0.25 m)

70
l 0t

bw
(hw bw )1/ 3
0t =

.
. ...

 ..

E2
( )

( L):
( )

( )
beff = bc beff = bc+8
+8h
hf (bc= ,
hf= )
:

.
. ...

 ..

, VEd,




,
1,
1 d 2,
1,d
2 d,
2,d

Rb > Rc: M i ,d = Rd MRb ,i

Rb < Rc: M i ,d = Rd M Rb ,i

MRc
MRb

=1.2
2 )
(Rd=1.0 , Rd=1.
i
( ): M i ,d = M Ed ,i

:

beff,


8

.
. ...

 ..
()

EK2

: = 45
45

VEd ,min
=
VEd ,max

.
. ...

 ..
-

: cr (

):

cr = hw

cr = 1.5h
1.5hw

cr = 2h
2 hw

(hw = )

:


6

hw /4
s min

dbw
24d
24
225 mm / 175 mm
6d
dbL
8dbL / 6

.
. ...

 ..

)
)
s s

: max = +

0.0018 fcd

sy ,d fyd

(
q0 )

( ): min = 0.5

fctm
fyk

214 ,

.
. ...

 ..

,
: d > 0.10

hc 1/10

(
)
:
hc max {1/10
/10,, 2/10
/10}
}

0.10

: hc 250 mm

.
. ...

 ..

cr = max

hc
cl/6

cr = max

0.45m

1 5h
1.5h
1.5
5hc
cl/6
0.60m
0.60m

( cl = )

cl<3
<3h
hc

,,

(
)

,
(.. ),

.
. ...

 ..

d 0.65

d 0.55
0 55

MRc
1 3
1.3
3MRb
R 1.3

4
,
,
3 4 .

, ,
,
d 0.3
0 3.
0.3.

.
. ...

 ..

, VEd,

, 1,
1,d
d 2,
2,d
d,

Rb < Rc: M i ,d = Rd M Rc ,i

Rb > Rc: M i ,d = Rd M Rc ,i

M Rb
M Rc

Rd=1.
=1.1
1 , Rd=1.
=1.3
3

VEd =

M1,d + M 2,d

l cl

.
. ...

 ..
()

,
c
:
fvkLtw
VEd = min
2 RdMRc
2
2
Rc,,i/c

:
c = 0.15
0.15L
L/cos
cos2
2

MRc
Rc,,i

Rd=1.1
=1 1 Rd=1.3
=1 3

.
. ...

 ..

: 0.01

: 0.04

()

dbw
b 6 mm ()

dbw
b 0.4 d bL ,max fydL fydw ()

b0/2
()
b0/3
()
s = min
175 mm ()
125 mm ()
8dbL
()
6dbL
()
b0 = :

.
. ...

 ..
()

:
b
wd 30 d sy ,d c 0.035
b0
=
=

: wd 0.08 ()

: wd 0.12 () wd 0.08 ( )

.
. ...

 ..
()

::

EK2
EK2 :
d 0.20 q 2.0

,
cr,

: dbw 0.4 d bL ,max fydL fydw

: s = min {b0/3 125

125mm
mm 6d
6dbL}

( )

.
. ...

 ..

hc (hc =
)

1.5h
1.5
hc:

.
. ...

 ..

As ,req As ,prov =1

50%

EK2,
EK2,

.
. ...

 - ..
( )

(
)

Vjhd = Rd (As1 + As2)
) fyd - VC
)f

Vjjhd = Rd As1fyyd - VC

:
Rd 1.2
s1 =
s2 = /
VC =


8

.
. ...

 - ..
()

V jhd fcd 1

d
b j h jc

V jhd 0.80 fcd 1

d
b j h jc

:
bj=

=0.6(1
=0.6(1--fck /250)

(fck MPa)
MPa)

hjc=
vd=

8

.
. ...

 - ..
()

(
):

:
:
2

Ash f ywd
b j h jw

V jhd

b h
j
jc

fctd
fctd +v d fcd

:
:
{

: Ash fywd Rd(

(A
As1+As2)
)ffyd(1
(1
0.8
0.8v
vd)

: Ash fywd RdAs2fyd(1

(1
(10.8
0 8v
0.8v
8vd)

.
. ...

 - ..
()

50
5050

25
2560

2
214 (=3.08 cm2)
((A
Ash/hjw) cm2/m
2

: s1 = 614 (9.24 cm )
d
0.3
0.5

8

VC

50

6 33
6.33

20 80
20.80

100

3.39

20.80

50

0.03

16.42

100

0 00
0.00

16 42
16.42
.
. ...

 - ..
()

h jc
2
Asv ,i Ash
h jw
3
:
sv
sv,,i =
( )
,

.

sh =

, .

50
5050

2
218 (

25
2560

4- 10/10

.
. ...

 - ..

,, dbL

d bL
7.5 fctm
1+ 0.8 d

hc
Rd f yd 1+ 0.75 k D max

d bL
7.5 fctm

(1+ 0.8 d )
hc
Rd f yd

.
. ...

 ..

(wall
(wall)) =
w/bw4.00
4.00..

(ductile
(ductile wall)
wall) =


.

((coupled
coupled wall)
wall) =

(
),
25%

.
. ...

 ..

bw0 max

hs /20 (h
(hs= )

hcr max

0 15m
0.15m
0.15
15m

w
hw /6

hcr

2 w
hs (n 6) 2h
2hs (n 7)

: d 0.4
: d 0.35

.
. ...

 ..

,
EK2.
EK2.

.
. ...

 ..

a:
ed

a1:

(tension shift)
shift)

a
b
M'ed
Med

a1




a1
..

b:
ed

8

.
. ...

 ..

:
:
.

:
:

,

h,
h,min
min = v,
v,min
min = 0.002

8mm dweb bw0 /8

sh sv min {250mm
{250mm,, 25d
25d}

(d = )
.
. ...

 ..

( ): VEd =
V
VEd :
VEd =

:: = 1.50

:: 1.50

hw/w > 2.0:

Rd M Rd
= q

q
MEd

S (T )
+ 0.1 e C

S (T )

e 1

: 1=
VEd
C=
Se(T)=

(squat
(squat walls)
walls) hw/w 2.0:
2 0: = Rd

M Rd
q
M Ed

.
. ...

 ..

(hw /w > 2)
a:


b:

c:

2/3
(hw /w 2)
M
q VEd

VEd = Rd Rd VEd
(Ed , MRd =

))
M Ed

8

.
. ...

 ..
-

VRd

EK
EK2
2,
Rd,,max
:

: z=0.8
=0.8w

45
45

40%

.
. ...

 ..
-

:
s:
M
s = Ed
VEd l w
s

s 2.0
EK2
EK2
,

s < 2.0
: VEd VRd ,c + 0.75 h fyd ,h bw 0 s l w
: h fyd ,h bw 0 z v f yd ,v bw 0 z + min N Ed

.
. ...

 ..
-

:
(..
(
) : VEd VRd,s
VRd,s = Vdd + Vid + Vfd
Vdd =
Vid =



.
:
:
: Vid

Vfd =

8

.
. ...

 ..

: 0.005
0 005

wd 30 ( d + v ) sy ,d

bw
0.035
b0

, L, U, I
:
:
{

.
. ...

 ..
( )

,
:
VEd fctdbwd

/h 3

VEd 2
2
sifydsin
sin

=2
Ed/
VEd=2

bw.

s=min
min{
{b0/3
/3,, 125,
125, 6dbL}

.
. ...

: w min {4.00m
{4.00m, (2/3)h
(2/3)hw}
(hw=
)

.
. ...

, :

20%

, : T1 0.5 sec

.
. ...

:
bw0 max {0.15m
{0.15m, hs/20}

(),
()

( ): q0 = 3.0
30

:
: q0 = 3.0
3.0u/1 u/1 = 1.2

.
. ...

EK2
EK2 :

:
= 0.50
0.50
G

( )

( q2.0),

: 0.005

.
. ...


()

EK2
EK2::

.

: (0t/bw0)(
)(w/bw0)1/3 70
70,, 0t =

():

.
. ...

:
q +1

VEd = VEd
2
VEd =

0.0025
w,min =

0.0015

VEd > VRd

(EK2)
2)
Rd,,c (EK

VEd > VRd

Rd,,c

. 6.2.5 EK2
EK2

.
. ...

: c max {bw0, bw03

3
cm/fcd},
cm =

.
. ...

(

)

15%

.
. ...

8 (.
5 9 )

( ),

.

((-).
)

, ,
,
.

.
. ...



1:
1:
.
.
2:
2:

( ).
)

- : 1

..

: 2

..

1
, 2.

.
. ...

:
EK8 -
EK8

1: ,

(. 4.4.2.6 . 4 . 5.8 . 5).

:
EK8 - 5:
EK8
( . 5).

: EK
EK7
EK7.
7
7.

.
. ...



Fd = EFG + RdFE

Rd = :
Rd =

q 3

1.2 q > 3

FG =
-- ,

FE =

= Rd/d

.
. ...

= Rdi/Edi q,

i,

(.. ): = min MRd/MEd

=1
1 Rd=1.4
14

.
. ...

,
.

,

.

: :

.
. ...

( )

EK
EK2.
2.

hcr.

.
. ...

bw,min = 0.25m
0.25m

hw,min = 0.40m
0.40m 3
hw,min
0
0.50m
50m 4
50m
i = 0.50

: b,min = 0.4% (
)

: tmin = 0.20m
0.20m

: s,min = 0.2%
0 2%

.
. ...

(.. ):
EQU:
EQU:
d,dst Ed,stb + d
:
:
d,dst =
Ed,stb
tb =
d =

(.. ,
, ):

STR:
STR: d Rd

.
. ...


()

:
GEO:
GEO: d Rd

,,

,
(
E 7).
7).

.
. ...