QUIZ #1: What is Psychology

Question 1

Naturalistic observations are predominantly used to achieve
the goals of
Selected Answer: description and prediction.


Question 2
Which of the following represents the correct association
between theorist and theory?
Selected Answer: Watson and behaviorism


Question 3
A case study involving a person with 53 different
personalities, although valuable in some ways, would carry
the disadvantage of not being

Selected Answer: generalizable.


Question 4
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the
relationship between educational gains in psychology and
career progress for women in psychology?

Selected
Answer:
Women are more likely to be promoted
to the rank of full professor than men.


Question 5
Most psychologists take an eclectic approach in terms of
the perspectives of psychology they use to explain behavior
and mental processes. This means that they

Selected Answer: integrate several perspectives.


Question 6
Which of the following is NOT a myth that is commonly
held about psychology?
Selected
Answer:
Psychological theories cannot be used to
explain the particular behaviors of all
people.


Question 7

Which of the following is a causal hypothesis?

Selected
Answer:
The amount of alcohol consumed will
influence the ability to walk a straight
line.


Question 8
Dr. Haupt has discovered that often, abusive parents had
parents who used harsh physical punishment on
them. Having discovered this will most likely allow Dr.
Haupt to fulfill which goal of psychology?

Selected Answer: predicting behavior


Question 9
Herb is a psychologist who works for a major food
manufacturer. Herb helps the company by studying factors
of the work environment, employees, and management that
enhance or detract from productivity. Herb is most likely
a(n) ________________ psychologist.

Selected Answer: industrial/organizational


Question 10
Which of the following psychologists is most likely a
therapist?
Selected Answer: a counseling psychologist


Question 11
Jermaine is a psychologist who works at a major urban
hospital to develop stress management plans for people
who have recently had open-heart surgery. Jermaine is
most likely a _____________ psychologist.

Selected Answer: health


Question 12
Dr. Moosbichler is a psychologist who believes that the best way to
understand the mind is to look at how specific mental processes and
behaviors help an organism live in and adapt to its
environment. Dr. Moosbichlers point of view is most compatible
with the approach to psychology known as

Selected Answer: functionalism.


Question 13
The process of analyzing and evaluating information and
applying it to other situations is known as
Selected Answer: critical thinking.


Question 14

The hypothesis, Having an efficient digestive system will
lead to obesity in rats, is an example of a(n) ___________
hypothesis.

Selected Answer: causal


Question 15
Lamont is a researcher at a university, who wants to do a
study to determine if alcohol use predicts motor skill
performance in college students. Before conducting this
study, Lamont will have his study approved by the

Selected
Answer:
institutional review board at his
school.


Question 16
Which of the following is an important disadvantage of
experiments?
Selected Some experiments cannot be conducted

Answer: because to do so would be unethical.

Question 17
When Dr. Ikeda conducted an experiment on the effect of
physical beauty on being hired for a job, he had both
attractive and unattractive individuals apply for the same
job. However, he failed to control for the possibility that
the attractive applicants had better resumes. In this case,
the quality of the resumes would be a(n)

Selected Answer:
confounding variable.


Question 18
Similar to Wilhelm Wundt, if you were to use a self-
observation technique to analyze the basic elements of your
thought processes, you would most likely be using a
method called

Selected Answer: introspection.


Question 19
Among the following, Freuds ideas have most strongly
influenced current Western
Selected Answer: media, humor, and art.


Question 20
Psychology is defined as the

Selected
Answer:
scientific study of behavior and mental
processes.


Question 21
Dr. Tran believes that the key to understanding human
behavior is in understanding the unconscious conflicts that
motivate us. Dr. Trans point of view is most compatible
with the approach to psychology known as

Selected Answer: psychoanalytic theory.


Question 22
Two well-known humanists are

Selected Answer: Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.


Question 23
To minimize reactivity, researchers conducting naturalistic
observations may
Selected
Answer:
observe from a discrete distance
through a video feed.


Question 24
The social movements in the U.S. in the 1960s and the rise
of humanism at the same time in psychology were similar
in their

Selected
Answer:
emphasis on freedom of choice and
self-determination.


Question 25
If Wilhelm Wundt were alive today, he would most likely
be considered a
Selected Answer: cognitive psychologist.


Question 26
A research study done through surveys showing that
psychology faculty at 4-year colleges are more likely to be
male than female would be an example of a(n)

Selected Answer: correlational study.


Question 27
A therapist who sometimes uses a cognitive approach with
clients who are depressed and a behavioral approach with
those who have phobias would be most appropriately
described as

Selected Answer: eclectic.


Question 28
Behaviorism emphasizes the study of

Selected Answer: observable actions.


Question 29
Dr. Masood is conducting an experiment in which she is
testing the effect of video game playing on the ability to
think creatively. One group of children plays video games
two hours a day for a week, another group of similar
children plays video games for a total of two hours in a
week, and a third group of children do not play video
games at all. All three groups of children then take a test
measuring their creativity. The hypothesis that Dr. Masood
is testing is a ______ hypothesis.

Selected Answer: causal


Question 30
Dr. Rea is a psychologist who is about to conduct a study
using human participants. The first thing Dr. Rea should
have his participants do when they arrive at the lab is

Selected
Answer:
read and sign an informed consent
form.



QUIZ #2: Biologys Influence on Behavior

Question 1
The structure in the brain that plays the biggest role in
physiological motivation is the
Question 2
Which of the following includes the sympathetic nervous
system?
Selected Answer: the autonomic nervous system


Question 3

Question 4
If you are currently taking a drug that affects your behavior,
most likely it is affecting the
Selected
Answer:
activity occurring within your
ynapses.


Question 5
Due to untreated high blood pressure, Namir suffered a
small stroke. While in rehab, his occupational therapist
asked if he wanted to go to the supermarketbut, Namir
heard Do usent gothe markest else some? Where might
Namirs brain injury be located?

Selected Answer: Wernickes area


Question 6

Question 7
You are a neurosurgeon performing surgery on a 50-year-
old man. When you insert an electrode into the axon of one
of his neurons while it is not receiving or sending
information, what voltage should you record with your
instruments?

Selected Answer: -70mv


Question 8
The medulla is responsible for

Selected Answer: heartbeat and respiration.


Question 9
Once an action potential reaches the end of the axon, how
does the information usually get to the next neuron?
Selected
Answer:
Vesicles at the end of the axon release
neurotransmitters which float across the
synaptic cleft tothe next neuron.


Question 10
A person with schizophrenia who takes a drug that
increases brain levels of dopamine will likely
Selected Answer: experience increased symptoms.


Question 13
If you were to inject sodium (Na+) into a neuron in a rats
brain, what effect would it have on the neuron?
Selected
Answer:

It would make the neuron more likely to
fire an action potential.


Question 12
Endorphins

Selected
Answer:
are a type of neurotransmitter that block
pain messages.


Question 13
Those who are prescribed Prozac are presumed to have
___________________ in their brain.
Selected Answer: low levels of serotonin


Question 14
If your teacher required you to learn the names and
functions of all the neurotransmitters that researchers have
identified, you would have to learn about ___________
neurotransmitters.

Selected Answer: more than 60


Question 15
After cheering wildly at an exciting football game your
body may begin to relax on the way home. This relaxation
reflects activity of the ___________________ nervous
system.

Selected Answer: parasympathetic


Question 16
Blood sugar levels in the body are regulated by which part
of the endocrine system?
Selected Answer: pancreas


Question 17
Carmela was in a skiing accident and she broke her leg.
Which of the following neurotransmitters would help her
deal with the immediate pain of this injury?

Selected Answer: endorphins


Question 18
If you wanted to track which neurons in the brain were
active at a given moment you would need to do a(n)
Selected Answer: fMRI.


Question 19
The nervous system is to _________________, as the
endocrine system is to ___________.
Selected Answer: fast acting; slow acting


Question 20
An action potential is a

Selected Answer: neural impulse.


Question 21
When looking at a CAT scan with your doctor she points
out the organs of the limbic system. Which of the
following would be pointed out to you?

Selected Answer: the amygdala


Question 22
Michael Gazzanigas split-brain patients

Selected
Answer:
were unable to name objects they saw
in their left visual field.


Axons on neurons in the brain are typically

Selected
Answer:
shorter than those in the peripheral nervous
system.


Reuptake is essential to normal neurological function
because it ensures that the
Selected
Answer:
right amount of excitation and
inhibition occurs.


Question 23
If your neurosurgeon were able to take a neuron out of your
brain and examine it, she would most likely find that
Selected Answer: its axon would be very short.


Question 24
If a persons brain is examined and found to be smaller and
have a larger number of connections between hemispheres
than average, the person is more likely to be __________
than ___________.

Selected Answer: female; male


Question 25
Each neuron in the brain can potentially synapse with up to
______________ other neuron(s).
Selected Answer: 10,000


Question 26
Olga was in an accident that damaged her
hippocampus. What is the most likely effect of such an
injury?

Selected
Answer:
an inability to recall events that
occurred after her brain damage


Question 27
The sympathetic nervous system activates a(n)
_________________ response, and the parasympathetic
nervous system activates a(n) _________________
response.

Selected Answer: stress; calming


Question 28
The symptoms of depression that may follow heavy use of
MDMA (ecstasy) may result from depleted levels of
Selected Answer: serotonin.


Question 29
Moving your arm requires

Selected Answer: both inhibition and excitation.


Question 30
Dr. Hebda injects a large dose of the neurotransmitter
glutamate into the brain of a living rat. What effect would
this most likely have on the rat?

Selected
Answer:
The rat will experience the death of
many neurons.



QUIZ #3: Sensing & Perception


The absolute threshold is defined as the minimum
Selected
Answer:
intensity of a stimulus to be detected 50%
of the time.

Question 2
Dr. Lau is doing an experiment in which he wishes to
determine the lowest concentration of salt that customers
will be able to taste in a new soup product. In this
experiment, Dr. Lau is interested in measuring the
customers

Selected
Answer:
absolute threshold for taste.


Question 3
Qamar is participating in a study on ESP in which he is
supposed to telepathically receive one of two images that
another participant views on a computer screen. If he
performs like most other research participants in other
studies, about how well will he do at receiving these
images?

Selected
Answer:
He will likely guess correctly
approximately 50% of the time.


Question 4
Certain animals may be able to see you in the dark better
than you can see them because
Selected
Answer:
they can sense a wider range of the
electromagnetic spectrum than you.


Question 5
As information is passed from the rods and cones through
the horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells on the
way to the optic nerve,

Selected
Answer:
the information is being consolidated into
a summary of the original visual
information.


Question 6
It is the middle of the day and you are outside in the bright
sunlight. In order to give you the best possibility of seeing
the colors and detail of a large flower in your garden, you
should

Selected Answer: look directly at it.


Question 7
If an object gradually comes from the periphery to the
center of your view, the reason why you would be able
detect the object before you knew its color is the greater
number of ___________ of the retina.

Selected Answer: rods in the periphery


Question 8
When photopigments of the eye split apart,

Selected Answer: sensation is occurring.


Question 9
Bernice returns to the darkened theater after visiting the
concession stand and finds that she cannot see well enough
to find her seat. Bernice seems to be experiencing

Selected Answer: dark adaptation.


Question 10
Which type of color blindness is particularly common?

Selected Answer: red-green


Question 11
When your music teacher asks that you increase the
decibels in a particular part of your performance, he is
specifically requesting an increase in

Selected Answer: loudness.


Question 12
The average human can hear sounds within the range of

Selected Answer: 20 to 20,000 Hz.


Question 13
Listening to very loud music for a prolonged period of time
can cause deafness due to damage to the
Selected Answer: hair cells.


Question 14
Lennart is suffering from hearing loss after years of
working in a noisy environment. Which of the following
pitches is Lennart LEAST likely to be able to hear?

Selected Answer: 20,000 hz tone


Question 15
Earrings are worn on the __________ of the ear.

Selected Answer: pinna


Question 16
Auditory pathways in the brain take information

Selected
Answer:
from both ears to both sides of the
brain.


Question 17
Duplicity theory of pitch perception combines

Selected Answer:
volley theory and place theory.


Question 18
Gustation is to _______________, as olfaction is to
________________.
Selected Answer: taste; smell


Question 19
Similar to the blindspot in the retina, the tongue has a
blindspot in the _____________ of the tongue.
Selected Answer: center


Question 20
Shen was in an accident that damaged his thalamus. Which
of Shens senses is least likely to be affected by this injury?
Selected Answer: smell


Question 21
You and a friend are trying out different colognes to
determine which one to purchase. You find that a
particular cologne reminds you of your dog coming in from
the rain. Your reaction is most directly due to

Selected Answer: the limbic system.


Question 22
Sue has a head cold, and every time she blows her nose she
gets very dizzy. Her dizziness is most likely due to
disturbances in her

Selected Answer: vestibular sense.


Question 23
Perception is defined as the

Selected
Answer:
interpretation of sensory
information.


Question 24
Binocular depth cues rely on

Selected Answer: retinal disparity.


Question 25
Five-year-old Tyra is drawing and she wants to show that
the house is further away than the tree in her picture. To do
this, Tyra draws the house smaller than the tree. Tyra is
using which depth cue(s) in her picture?

Selected Answer: relative size


Question 26
Elsa and John are watching TV. Elsa is seated on the couch
directly in front of the TV. John is seated 10 feet to her
right on a chair, and is viewing the TV screen from an
angle. Knowing what you know about perception, which
of the following is most likely to be true?

Selected
Answer:
Elsa and John will perceive the TV
screen the same way.


Question 27
When painting on a canvas, artists use _______ to create a
depth perspective.
Selected Answer: monocular cues


Question 28
The moon illusion, the Ponzo illusion, and the Mller-Lyer
illusion have all been explained by errors due to
Selected Answer: size constancy.


Question 29
You are driving down the highway on a moonlit night. In
which of the following settings would you be most likely to
experience the moon-illusion?

Selected
Answer:
in the hills of North Georgia where there
are tall pine trees and the terrain is
mountainous

Question 30
Which of the following people is least likely to experience
the Mller-Lyer illusion?
Selected
Answer:
Ooljee from a Navajo reservation,
Arizona.



QIUZ #4: Consciousness

Which of the following is TRUE regarding substance
dependence?
Selected
Answer:
Withdrawal symptoms may involve both
physical and behavioral effects.

Question 2
PCP creates feelings of

Selected Answer: strength and invulnerability.


Question 3
Many of the drugs discussed in the textbook are similar in
that
Selected Answer: they alter states of consciousness


Question 4
Jet lag is primarily a result of

Selected Answer: disrupted circadian rhythms.


Question 5
The cause of narcolepsy is thought to stem from

Selected
Answer:
a loss of neurons in the
hypothalamus.


Question 6
fafaf Research suggests that being a night owl versus
being an early bird is
Selected
Answer:
influenced by genetics and
environment.


Question 7
Which of the following is TRUE regarding caffeine?

Selected Answer: it can lead to dependence.


Question 8
Simone has just stopped using a drug on which she is
dependent. Which of the following is most likely to occur?
Selected Answer: withdrawal


Question 9
Which of the following is TRUE regarding sleep stages?

Selected Answer: Dreaming can occur in all stages.


Question 10
Should you awaken your friend who is spending the night and is
sleepwalking?
Selected Answer: Yes, sleepwalkers can injure themselves if they are not awakened.


Question 11
When you are sleep deprived, to which neurotransmitter
that helps to keep you alert during the day have you most
likely become less sensitive?

Selected Answer: norepinephrine


Question 12
The reason why you might get tired and sleepy as the sun
goes down is because your body is releasing
______________ into your bloodstream.

Selected Answer: melatonin


Question 13
When Freud said that dreams are the royal road to the
unconscious, he meant that
Selected
Answer:
knowing someones dreams will give you
insight into the persons thoughts and
emotions that may not even be understood
by the person.


Question 14
Night terrors are different from nightmares in that

Selected
Answer:
nightmares typically occur during REM
sleep and night terrors typically occur
during deep sleep.


Question 15
Bailey studies all day on Sunday for her psychology final
on Monday. When she wakes up Monday morning she
reports many intense and vivid dreams. Baileys
experience most supports which theory on dreaming?

Selected Answer: memory theory


Question 16
If you are depriving yourself of your normal amount of
sleep in the last week of the semester in order to
accomplish all of your schoolwork, it is likely that your
immune system responses will

Selected Answer: be reduced.


Question 17
Manifest content is to _______________, as latent content
is to _________________.
Selected Answer: recall; interpretation


Question 18
Why is it helpful for people with insomnia to drink a glass
of milk before bedtime?
Selected
Answer:
Milk helps the body produce serotonin,
which facilitates sleep.


Question 19
Compared to fraternal twins, identical twins have been
found to
Selected Answer: have more similar sleep needs.


Question 20
Frances was recently in a roller coaster accident and was
admitted to a hospital for multiple fractures. What type of
drug is most likely to be prescribed to alleviate Frances
pain?

Selected Answer: an opiate


Question 21
Combining alcohol and energy drinks is

Selected
Answer:
not safe because the caffeine keeps the
person awake longer, allowing them to
consume more dangerous levels of alcohol
than they otherwise could.


Question 22
Kevin has volunteered to be a participant in a study on
sleep. In studying Kevins brain activity while he is
sleeping, the researcher will most likely use a(n)

Selected Answer: EEG.


Question 23
Dema has just taken a psychoactive drug. We can expect
Demas behavior to change because these drugs interfere
with _______ in the brain and body.

Selected Answer: neurotransmitters


Question 24
Which of the following types of drugs has a medical use
and is therefore prescribed by doctors?
Selected Answer: opiates


Question 25
Dr. Fenner believes that hypnosis is due to a splitting of
consciousness. Dr. Fenner supports the ___________
theory of hypnosis.

Selected Answer: dissociation


Question 26
What do PCP and LSD have in common?

Selected Answer: They are both hallucinogens.


Question 27
When you develop tolerance for a drug, you need

Selected
Answer:
more of the drug to produce its
desired effects.


Question 28
According to Freud, when you dream about a monster
chasing you and you realize later that the monster
symbolizes the research paper that you have due in one of
your classes, this interpretation of the dream is called the

Selected Answer: latent content.


Question 29
Which of the following would NOT be recommended for a
person experiencing insomnia?
Selected
Answer:
strenuous exercise right before
bedtime


Question 30
Which of the following best summarizes the current views
in psychology on the meaning of dreams?
Selected
Answer:
Scientists do not really know whether or
not dreams generally have any special
meaning.


QUIZ #5: How do we Learn?
Question 1
When Ivan Pavlov noticed that his dogs were salivating
even before they were presented with meat, he
Selected
Answer:
attempted to see if the dogs could learn to
salivate to several different types of
stimuli.


Question 2
When reinforcement for a behavior is withheld, an
extinction burst is common. This extinction burst is a(n)
Selected Answer: temporary increase in the behavior.


Question 3
When advertisers use well known, attractive people to sell
their products, the attractive people are being used as a(n)
Selected Answer: unconditioned stimulus.


Question 4
Thorndike is to ________________, as Skinner is to
___________________.
Selected
Answer:
the law of effect; operant conditioning


Question 5
Which of the following is NOT a step in Banduras theory
of the process involved in social learning?
Selected Answer: Validation


Question 6
In Thorndikes work on the law of effect, he observed

Selected
Answer:
cats learning how to escape a puzzle
box.


Question 7
What do fixed interval, fixed ratio, variable interval, and
fixed interval schedules of reinforcement all have in
common?

Selected
Answer:
They are all schedules of partial
reinforcement.



Question 8
Positive reinforcement is to __________________, as
negative reinforcement is to ____________________.
Selected
Answer:
addition of something pleasant; removal
of something unpleasant


Question 9
Classical conditioning is to _________________, as
operant conditioning is to
____________________.

Selected
Answer:
association of stimuli; consequences of
behavior


Question 10
The fact that to be effective, punishment must be aversive
and reinforcement must not be trivial, suggests that
Selected
Answer:
it is important to know the perceptions of
the person whose behavior you are trying
to change.


Question 11
The simplest type of learning seen in living things is

Selected Answer: habituation.


Question 12

Question 13
Stimulus discrimination should lead to

Selected
Answer:
fewer varieties of a stimulus that cause a
conditioned response.


Question 14
If an employer at a cleaning company wants his employees
to clean more toilets per shift, he would get the best
response when using a _______________ schedule of
reinforcement.

Selected Answer: variable ratio


Question 15
When an organism begins to respond more intensely to a
stimulus to which it has previously habituation,
then __________ has occurred.

Selected Answer: dishabituation


Question 16
Two very important factors that influence the strength of
classical conditioning are
Selected Answer: contiguity and contingency.


Question 17
Positive punishment

Selected
Answer:
occurs when something unpleasant is
added to an organisms environment.


Question 18
Reinforcement of a behavior only some of the time it
occurs is called a __________________ reinforcement
schedule.

Selected Answer: partial


Question 19
Social learning theory differs from behaviorism in which of the
following ways?
Selected Answer: Social learning theory acknowledges that learning can occur without any observable change in behavior.


Question 20
Continuous schedules of reinforcement are to ____, as
partial schedules of reinforcement are to ____.
Selected
Answer:
faster extinction rates; slower
extinction rates


Question 21
According to Skinner, in classical conditioning behavior is
_, but in operant conditioning behavior is __
Selected Answer: forced; chosen


Question 22
All examples of classical conditioning begin with a pre-
existing relationship between the
Selected
Answer:
unconditioned stimulus and the
unconditioned response.


Question 23

Question 24
In the Little Albert experiment, if John B. Watson had
made the loud noise with the hammer and waited a few
minutes to present a white rat to Little Albert (as opposed
to immediately presenting the white rat after the hammer
noise), the conditioned fear would have probably been

Selected Answer: much weaker.


Question 25
Shaping occurs when

Selected Answer: a novel behavior is slowly conditioned by reinforcing successive approximations of the final desired behavior.


Question 26
Social learning involves

Selected
Answer:
observing the behaviors of others and
learning from them.


In classical conditioning, contiguity is to ___________, as
contingency is to __________________.
Selected
Answer:
time and sequence; consistency and
reliability


Regarding the study of thoughts or feelings, B.F. Skinner
believed that
Selected
Answer:
thoughts and feelings cannot be studied
scientifically.


Question 27
Sarah was bitten by a dog, which naturally was a very scary
experience. Now when Sarah even hears a dog barking, she
feels afraid. In this example, dog barking is the

Selected Answer: conditioned stimulus.


Question 28
Television ads that use beautiful images to sell products are
a good example of
Selected Answer: classical conditioning.


Question 29
Although Shera has not had any alcohol in 25 years, she
will occasionally experience a slight craving. This
experience, which is somewhat similar to the cravings she
experienced when she drank regularly, is called

Selected Answer: spontaneous recovery.


Question 30
Fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement tend to produce

Selected
Answer:
high rates of responding within a short
time period.




QUIZ #6: Memory

Question 1
Two types of retrieval processes are

Selected Answer: recall and recognition.


Question 2
One of the functions of the central executive component of
memory is to
Selected Answer: suppress interfering memory traces.


Question 3
Frika is washing dishes and she automatically puts the
forks in the side drawer, despite the fact that she moved the
forks to another drawer last week. Frikas error is most
likely the result of __________ memory.

Selected Answer: implicit


Question 4
Billy was in a car accident that damaged his
hippocampus. Which of the following will likely NOT be
true for Billy?

Selected
Answer:
His ability to use implicit memory will
suffer.


Question 5
When Elizabeth Loftus showed videotapes of car accidents
and then asked viewers questions about what they saw, she
found that

Selected
Answer:
misinformation and suggestive
questioning altered the memories of
viewers.


Question 6
Which of following is NOT a tip discussed in the textbook
for improving your memory?
Selected Answer: use long massed practice sessions


Question 7
Top-down perceptual processing provides a good example
of how
Selected
Answer:
short-term memory and long-term
memory often work in a parallel manner.


Question 8
Which memory concept would argue that you probably
should not prepare for your school exams by studying in
bed?

Selected Answer: encoding specificity principle


Question 9
Implicit memory is to ______________________, as
explicit memory is to ________________________.
Selected Answer: unconscious; conscious


Question 10
Which of the following is not an example of a memory
schema specifically mentioned in your textbook?
Selected Answer: icons and echoes


Question 11
The hormone _________ has been linked to the storage of
traumatic memories in people with post-traumatic stress
disorder.

Selected Answer: adrenalin


Question 12
Very brief memory for visual material is known as

Selected Answer: iconic sensory memory.


Question 13
One particular working memory model suggests that short-
term memory has a central executive component and two
subordinate systems. These two subordinate systems
process which of the following?

Selected
Answer:
visual information and auditory
information


Question 14
When you attempt to remember the definition of implicit
memory by repeating the definition over and over again,
you are using _____ rehearsal.
Selected Answer: maintenance


Question 15
If you are having a difficult time learning German because
your previous exposure to French is getting in the way, this
is called

Selected Answer: proactive interference.


Question 16
Maintenance rehearsal involves ___________________
processing and elaborative rehearsal involves
___________________ processing.

Selected Answer: a shallow level of; a deep level of


Question 17
Which type of interference leads to difficulty remembering
new information?
Selected Answer: proactive


Question 18
The greatest difference between computers and the human
mind is the minds ability to
Selected Answer: experience consciousness.


Question 19
Short-term memory is to ___________________, as long-
term memory is to ____________________.
Selected Answer: temporary; permanent


Question 20
Imagine that you are participating in a research study in
which you are shown a list of numbers and then
immediately afterwards you are asked to recall as many of
them as you can. Most likely the researcher is studying the

Selected Answer: capacity of short-term memory.


Question 21
Which of the following techniques is NOT generally an
effective method of study efficiently?
Selected
Answer:
rehearsing what you have to know for
hours


Question 22
In the 1950s, George Miller showed that the capacity of
short-term memory is
Selected Answer: 7 2 bits of information.


Question 23
When you take a test and have to recall specific pieces of
information to do well on the test, you are using your
Selected Answer: explicit memory.


Question 24
The computer works well as an analogy for human

memory, EXCEPT that
Selected
Answer:
humans have conscious awareness, but
computers do not.


Question 25
In answering this exam question, you are engaged in a(n)
_____________ memory task.
Selected Answer: recognition


Question 26
The encoding function of memory refers to

Selected Answer: inputting information into memory.


Question 27
In the working memory model, the ___________ controls
attention and the integration of information in working
memory.

Selected Answer: central executive


Question 28
Episodic memory is

Selected Answer: memory for the events of ones life.


Question 29
Based on Elizabeth Loftuss research on eyewitness
memory, even if eyewitnesses are paid money for accurate
eyewitness accounts,

Selected Answer: their accuracy would not change.


Question 30
When preparing to take a multiple-choice exam in
psychology, you should study as if you are going to have to
answer

Selected Answer: Essay questions




QUIZ #7: Language & Thinking

Question 1
What is unique about Nicaraguan Sign Language from the
perspective of language development?
Selected
Answer:
The children developed the sign
language spontaneously.


Question 2
The information you have stored about psychology in your
long-term memory represents your___________ base.
Selected Answer: knowledge


Question 3
_________ is a well-developed, syntactical verbal system
for representing the world.
Selected Answer: Language


Question 4
Darren is trying to fix a toilet that clogged when his young
son tried to flush his teddy bear. Darren has been plunging
the toilet for the last hour and so far it has not
worked. Despite his lack of success, Darren keeps trying
the plunger in hopes that it will eventually succeed. Darren
appears to exhibit

Selected Answer: a mental set.


Question 5
Joanne always attempts to discipline her child through
grounding because it has worked in the past. Lately, it has
not been working, but she keeps trying because it always
worked before. Joanne has encountered which obstacle to
problem solving?

Selected Answer: a mental set


Question 6
When children learn the pragmatics of speech, they are
learning the
Selected
Answer:
rules of conversation operating in their
culture.


Question 7
Which of the following is FALSE about language
development?
Selected
Answer:
Infants begin cooing at around six
months of age.


Question 8
The smallest units of sound that are found in a language are
called
Selected Answer: phonemes.


Question 9
When your eight-month-old sister is babbling, she is most
likely using sounds called
Selected Answer: phonemes.


Question 10
When researchers used a keyboard to teach language to a bonobo
chimpanzee named Matata, they were surprised to find that
Selected Answer: Matatas infant stepson Kanzi learned how to use the keyboard far better than Matata simply by observing.


Question 11
Which of the following is TRUE about heuristics?

Selected
Answer:
Heuristics can lead to correct
judgments.


Question 12

The idea of generalized intelligence was most influential in the

Selected Answer: expansion of intelligence testing into many different contexts.


Question 13
Sarah is taking a test. The first question asks her how many uses she can think
of for a beach towel. The next question asks how many ways she could think
of to travel from Chicago to Los Angeles. The third question asks how many
strategies she can think of to recruit new students to her university. Sarah is
probably taking test to measure her ability in which of the following areas?

Selected Answer: divergent thinking


Question 14
If your 13-month-old child uses the title grandpa to refer
to all older men, she is exhibiting a common language
tendency called

Selected Answer: overextension.


Question 15
Dr. Ebert believes that language directly influences how we
view our world. As such, a native English speaker who
learns Spanish as an adult can never fully understand the
world the same way that a native Spanish speaker
does. Dr. Eberts views are most compatible with the

Selected
Answer:
strong form of the Whorfian
hypothesis..


Question 16
Which of the following IQ test questions is most likely to
be culturally biased?
Selected
Answer:
Cup is to saucer as _________ is
to doily.


Question 17
Research with bonobo chimpanzees, dolphins, and birds has
shown that
Selected Answer: some animals are capable of learning communication elements that at least have the appearance of language.


Question 18
If your 13-month-old child uses the noun drink to refer
only to juice and not to other liquids that are also drinks, he
is exhibiting a common language tendency called

Selected Answer: underextension.


Question 19
Determining the number of miles per gallon you got on
your last tank of gas by dividing the total mileage since
your last fill-up by the number of gallons of gas purchased
would be an example of using a(n)

Selected Answer: algorithm.


Question 20
Knowledge is defined in the textbook as

Selected
Answer:
information that we store in long-term
memory.


Question 21
Question 22
Whereas mens self-ratings of ____ are higher than
womens self-ratings, mens self-ratings of___ are lower
than womens self-ratings.

Selected Answer: intelligence; emotional intelligence


Question 23
Alfred Binet measured intelligence through

Selected Answer: cognitive abilities.


Question 24
When you learn the specific criteria or rules that
psychologists use to diagnose attention deficit disorder in
children, you are learning the __________ involved in this
type of diagnosis.

Selected Answer: formal concepts


Question 25
In contrast to the methods involved in the Stanford-Binet
test, David Wechsler disagreed w the use of
Selected Answer: a single intelligence score.


Question 26
Daniel Goleman is most closely associated with which type
of intelligence?
Selected Answer: emotional


Question 27
In contrast to prototypes, exemplars are

Selected Answer: real.


Question 28
Divergent thinking most specifically involves

Selected
Answer:
thinking of many different ideas
quickly.


Question 29
Some people might say that the glass is half full, while
others might say that the glass is half empty. These
different ways of saying the same thing reflect a difference
in

Selected Answer: framing.


Question 30
Timmys geography teacher gives the class a pop quiz in
which he asks the class to draw a map of North America,
which they learned about in the previous days
lesson. Knowing what you do about mental
representations, how well do you think Timmy would do on
this quiz?

Selected
Answer
He will get some of the details correct,
but his map will contain many errors.




When Alfred Binet developed a test of intelligence in
France, the test was specifically designed to
Selected
Answer:
identify school children who would not
likely do well in traditional classrooms.


Question 1
1 out of 1 points

A liver that is not working properly is most likely
to have which of the following effects?
Selected
Answer:

Body levels of glucose and
glycogen would not be
appropriately monitored.
Answers:
CCK would not be secreted into
your bloodstream.


Body levels of glucose and
glycogen would not be
appropriately monitored.

Body levels of insulin would not be
appropriately monitored.

Leptin would not be secreted into
your bloodstream.


Question 2
1 out of 1 points

The hormone insulin

Selected
Answer:

is produced by the pancreas.
Answers:
stops feelings of hunger.

is made by the liver.


is produced by the pancreas.

has no short-term effect on
feelings of hunger.


Question 3
1 out of 1 points

Negative feedback loops help to

Selected
Answer:

dampen down the tendency for
change.
Answers:

dampen down the tendency for
change.


promote instability.

increase the tendency for change.

limit negative emotions.

Question 4
1 out of 1 points

Hannah is a psychologist who believes that
motives are innate tendencies that direct our
behavior. Hannahs belief is most compatible
with which theory of motivation?

Selected Answer:

instinct theory
Answers:
drive-reduction theory


instinct theory

Maslows hierarchy of needs

incentive theories of motivation


Question 5
1 out of 1 points

The correct successive phases of human sexual
responses are
Selected
Answer:

excitement, plateau, orgasm, and
resolution.
Answers:
plateau, excitement, orgasm, and
resolution


excitement, plateau, orgasm, and
resolution.

plateau, orgasm, plateau, and
resolution.

excitement, orgasm, resolution,
and plateau.


Question 6
1 out of 1 points

The fact that Mahatma Ghandi was motivated to
go on very long hunger strikes suggests that
Selected
Answer:

hunger is influenced by many

factors other than biology.
Answers:
his ventromedial hypothalamus was
damaged.

a smaller stomach contributes to
faster satiation.

body levels of leptin are significant
factors in hunger regulation.


hunger is influenced by many
factors other than biology.

Question 7
1 out of 1 points

Roughly ______________ of Americans are
overweight, and almost ______________ of
Americans are obese.

Selected Answer:

two-thirds; one-third
Answers:
one-third; one-fourth

one-half; one-fourth


two-thirds; one-third

three-fourths; one-half


Question 8
1 out of 1 points

The goal of hunger is

Selected
Answer:

to maintain homeostasis.
Answers:
to motivate us to pay attention.

a secondary motive.


to maintain homeostasis.

based on a positive feedback
loop.


Question 9
1 out of 1 points

When visiting Japan it may be helpful to know
that the Japanese
Selected
Answer:

use the same facial expression as
you to denote happiness.
Answers:

use the same facial expression as
you to denote happiness.

will not use any of the same facial
expressions that you use for any of
your emotions.

use the same expressions you use
for anger and fear, but not for
happiness and sadness.

use the same expressions you use
for happiness, but not for sadness.


Question 10
1 out of 1 points

Of the following, which is the more common
eating disorder?
Selected Answer:

binge-eating disorder
Answers:
starvation


binge-eating disorder

anorexia nervosa

bulimia nervosa


Question 11
1 out of 1 points

Wendy suffers from anorexia. Which of the
following characteristics would Wendy most
likely have?

Selected Answer:

all of these
Answers:
perfectionism

She is from a Western culture.

She is very thin.


all of these


Question 12
1 out of 1 points

Feeling the urge to go to the bathroom is a good
example of
Selected
Answer:

a primary drive.
Answers:
a secondary drive.


a primary drive.

Maslows highest level of the
hierarchy.

Maslows second level of the
hierarchy.


Question 13
1 out of 1 points

Research on dieters who break their diets
suggests that
Selected
Answer:

the idea of restraint in food intake
goes out the door once they have
already indulged.
Answers:

the idea of restraint in food intake
goes out the door once they have
already indulged.

an extreme sense of guilt leads them
to forego food much longer than
they otherwise would.

having consumed the calories,
attempts are usually made to burn
them off, such as through increased
exercise.

they are usually able to get back on
the diet within the next day or so.


Question 14
1 out of 1 points

Incentive theories of motivation differentiate
between intrinsic motivation, which comes from
_________________ sources, and extrinsic
motivation, which comes from
_________________ sources.

Selected Answer:

internal; external
Answers:
biological; environmental

primary; secondary

cognitive; emotional


internal; external


Question 15
1 out of 1 points

The period in which females tend to be most
receptive to male attempts to mate is known as
Selected Answer:

estrus.
Answers:

estrus.

libido.

menstruation.

resolution.


Question 16
1 out of 1 points

The tendency to desire and seek out positive
outcomes and avoid negative ones would best be
considered a(n)

Selected Answer:

motive.
Answers:
emotion.

thought.


motive.

instinct.


Question 17
1 out of 1 points

Which of the following is NOT a primary drive?

Selected Answer:

the need for achievement

Answers:
the need for food

the need for water


the need for achievement

the need for warmth

Question 18
1 out of 1 points

Dr. Williams is a psychologist who believes that
motivation is produced when we feel an
uncomfortable internal state that pushes us to find
a way to feel better. Dr. Williams belief is most
compatible with which theory of motivation?

Selected Answer:

drive-reduction theory
Answers:

drive-reduction theory

instinct theory

Maslows hierarchy of needs

incentive theories of motivation


Question 19
1 out of 1 points

If you lost the ability to be motivated in any way,
what would likely happen to you?
Selected
Answer:

You would be unable to take care
of your basic needs.
Answers:
Nothing much. You would be fine.

You would be happier and free of
stress.

You would sleep all the time.


You would be unable to take care
of your basic needs.


Question 20
1 out of 1 points

____________ are individuals who are attracted
to members of both sexes.
Selected Answer:

Bisexuals
Answers:
Homosexuals

Lesbians

Heterosexuals


Bisexuals


Question 21
1 out of 1 points

At some point in your life you may have been a
little discouraged and had someone tell you,
Smile, it will make you feel better. Such a
statement reflects the concept and research
behind the

Selected Answer:

facial feedback hypothesis.
Answers:
Cannon-Bard theory.

cognitive-mediational theory.

Lazarus-Schachter theory.


facial feedback hypothesis.


Question 22
1 out of 1 points

Leptin is to __________________, as CCK is to
_____________________.
Selected Answer:

fat cells; intestines
Answers:
hypothalamus; stomach

liver; fat cells


fat cells; intestines

intestines; hypothalamus


Question 23
1 out of 1 points

The lateral hypothalamus is to
__________________, as the ventromedial
hypothalamus is to ______________________.

Selected Answer:

hunger; satiation
Answers:
insulin; glucose


hunger; satiation

CCK; neuropeptide Y

off switch; on switch


Question 24
1 out of 1 points

Insulin can contribute to the feeling of hunger by

Selected
Answer:

facilitating the removal of glucose
from our bloodstream.
Answers:
causing less leptin to be secreted.

decreasing the amount of CCK in
our body.


facilitating the removal of glucose
from our bloodstream.

stimulating the release of
neuropeptide Y.


Question 25
1 out of 1 points

Set point refers to

Selected
Answer:

the weight that the body naturally
seeks to maintain.
Answers:

the weight that the body naturally
seeks to maintain.

ideal body weight for ones age,
gender, and body type.

the number of calories needed to
maintain ones weight.

the last point needed to win a
hockey game.


Question 26
1 out of 1 points

Regarding the causes of obesity, scientists would
agree that the causes are
Selected
Answer:

a combination of biological,
psychological, and cultural factors.
Answers:
almost always biological factors.

almost always psychological
factors.

almost always cultural factors.


a combination of biological,
psychological, and cultural factors.


Question 27
1 out of 1 points

You are having a bad day and you feel rather
depressed. According to the facial feedback
hypothesis, how can you improve your mood?

Selected
Answer:

force yourself to smile
Answers:
exercise

put on a hat to keep your head
warm


force yourself to smile

try not to think about the things
that are bothering you


Question 28
1 out of 1 points

If research were to show that individuals whose
bodies are incapable of becoming physiologically
aroused are still capable of experiencing emotion,
which theory would have the greatest difficulty
explaining that result?

Selected Answer:

James-Lange theory
Answers:
cognitive-mediational theory

Cannon-Bard theory

incentive theory



James-Lange theory

Question 29
0 out of 1 points

Shen was injured in an accident. At the hospital,
he was given an IV with glucose. What effect
would this IV likely have on Shens level of
hunger?

Selected
Answer:

It should increase his hunger.
Answers:
It should have no effect.

It should increase his hunger.


It should decrease his hunger.

It should cause his hunger level to
fluctuate unpredictably.


Question 30
0 out of 1 points

Which of the following pieces of hunger
information does the stomach NOT send to the
brain?

Selected
Answer:

nutritive value of the food in the
stomach
Answers:
contractions when the stomach is
empty

distention when the stomach is
full

nutritive value of the food in the
stomach


leptin