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Mary Ladisa

11.1
1. The cells that are damaged in the blood vessel release chemicals, which tell
the platelets to stick to the damaged area. Other platelets then begin to stick
to those platelets. This begins to dorm a plug that will stop the damaged area
from bleeding. These platelets release chemicals called clotting factors.
2. Challenge and Response: When a pathogen enters your body, you body reacts
by trying to destroy the pathogen. The body creates antigens
3. Active immunity always leads to the production of memory cells and thus
provides for a long-term immunity to a pathogen. Passive immunity is when
one organism needs antibodies which were produced in another organism
4. Antibodies are produced to target a pathogen. Different antigens are
produced for different pathogens. Each is unique.
5. You produce monoclonal antibodies by injecting an antigen into a lab animal
and taking blood cells from the animals spleen
6. Weakening the pathogen and then injecting the pathogen into your blood
stream develop a vaccination. It does not prevent the pathogen but it makes
it so that your body will respond quicker the next time it encounters the
virus.
7. Benefits: it can eliminate the disease, it decreases the spread of epidemics,
and each vaccinated individual because the full symptoms of the disease do
not have to be experienced in order to gain immunity.
Dangers: prior to 1999 vaccines contained a mercury based preservative, too
many vaccines may overload childrens immune systems, some vaccines
maybe linked to autism, and vaccines can lead to allergic reactions and
autoimmune.

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