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  • Cosmic%expansion

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    John W Holland
    32 Ansichten18 Seiten
    This document discusses the expansion of the universe and three possible fates for that expansion based on the amount of matter. It presents the equation that describes the expansion over time as influenced by the mass of the universe and gravity. Depending on whether there is enough matter to slow and eventually reverse the expansion into a "Big Crunch," just enough to reach a constant expansion rate, or not enough to slow it indefinitely, the universe could contract, expand steadily, or expand forever, respectively. The size of the universe is shown to increase proportional to the square root of time based on this equation.

    Originalbeschreibung:

    Lecture Slides Week 1 From the Big bang to Dark energy Coursera class

    Originaltitel

    W1-11

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    This document discusses the expansion of the universe and three possible fates for that expansion based on the amount of matter. It presents the equation that describes the expansion over time as influenced by the mass of the universe and gravity. Depending on whether there is enough matter to slow and eventually reverse the expansion into a "Big Crunch," just enough to reach a constant expansion rate, or not enough to slow it indefinitely, the universe could contract, expand steadily, or expand forever, respectively. The size of the universe is shown to increase proportional to the square root of time based on this equation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    32 Ansichten18 Seiten

    Cosmic%expansion

    Hochgeladen von

    John W Holland
    This document discusses the expansion of the universe and three possible fates for that expansion based on the amount of matter. It presents the equation that describes the expansion over time as influenced by the mass of the universe and gravity. Depending on whether there is enough matter to slow and eventually reverse the expansion into a "Big Crunch," just enough to reach a constant expansion rate, or not enough to slow it indefinitely, the universe could contract, expand steadily, or expand forever, respectively. The size of the universe is shown to increase proportional to the square root of time based on this equation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 18

    cosmic%expansion

    77

    expansion

    ball$thrown
    upwards

    78

    expansion

    ball$thrown
    upwards

    78

    expansion

    ball$thrown
    upwards

    should%
    slow%down

    78

    equa>on%for%cosmic%
    expansion
    R
    M

    79

    equa>on%for%cosmic%
    expansion
    R
    M

    79

    equa>on%for%cosmic%
    expansion
    F = ma

    R
    M

    79

    equa>on%for%cosmic%
    expansion
    F = ma
    F =

    Mm
    G 2
    R

    R
    M

    79

    equa>on%for%cosmic%
    expansion
    F = ma
    F =

    Mm
    G 2
    R
    2

    d
    a = 2R
    dt

    R
    M

    79

    equa>on%for%cosmic%
    expansion
    F = ma
    F =

    Mm
    G 2
    R
    2

    d
    a = 2R
    dt
    d2
    R
    =
    dt2

    R
    M

    M
    G 2
    R

    79

    three%possible%fates
    ball$thrown
    upwards

    d2
    R=
    2
    dt

    M
    G 2
    R

    if enough matter, expansion


    slows and stops, starts to
    contract, Big Crunch

    if not enough matter, keeps


    expanding, eventually
    constant speed

    80

    three%possible%fates
    the%same%equa>on

    ball$thrown
    upwards

    d2
    R=
    2
    dt

    M
    G 2
    R

    if enough matter, expansion


    slows and stops, starts to
    contract, Big Crunch

    if not enough matter, keeps


    expanding, eventually
    constant speed

    80

    three%possible%fates
    ball$thrown
    upwards

    if enough matter, expansion


    slows and stops, starts to
    contract, Big Crunch

    if not enough matter, keeps


    expanding, eventually
    constant speed

    size%of%the%Universe

    the%same%equa>on

    d2
    R=
    2
    dt

    M
    G 2
    R

    t
    1/2

    >me

    80

    three%possible%fates
    ball$thrown
    upwards

    if enough matter, expansion


    slows and stops, starts to
    contract, Big Crunch

    if not enough matter, keeps


    expanding, eventually
    constant speed

    size%of%the%Universe

    the%same%equa>on

    d2
    R=
    2
    dt

    M
    G 2
    R

    t
    1/2

    >me

    Is%there%an%end%to%the%Universe?
    80

    This quantity is conserved


    (i.e. time-independent)

    1
    "=
    2

    dR
    dt

    M
    G
    R

    it has the interpretation of


    total energy

    if positive, it escapes
    if negative, it drops back
    down

    size%of%the%Universe

    three%possible%fates
    d2
    R=
    2
    dt

    M
    G 2
    R

    t
    1/2

    >me

    81

    This quantity is conserved


    (i.e. time-independent)

    1
    "=
    2

    dR
    dt

    M
    G
    R

    it has the interpretation of


    total energy

    if positive, it escapes
    if negative, it drops back
    down

    size%of%the%Universe

    three%possible%fates
    d2
    R=
    2
    dt

    M
    G 2
    R

    t
    1/2

    >me

    Is%there%an%end%to%the%Universe?
    81

    Future%observers

    82

    Future%observers
    as the Universe gets

    bigger, we will be able


    to see more and more
    galaxies

    the observation

    becomes more fun!

    82

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