Instructional Methods Struggling Readers English Learners Advanced Learners

Direct Instruction
Before Reading
1. Activate Background Knowledge:
KWL and PreP
2. Vocabulary Instruction
3. Preview the Text
4. Set a Purpose for Reading
Building word analysis
skills (fluency,
vocabulary, academic
language, background
knowledge)

Capitalize on
the transfer
of
comprehensi
on strategies
from the
primary
language
Increase the pace
and complexity
Use more
advanced texts
Extend the depth
and breadth of
instruction
Direct Instruction
While Reading
1. Question Answer
a. Right there
b. Think and search
c. Author and you
d. On my own
2. Strategic Reading
a. Visualizing
b. Paraphrasing
c. Clarifying
d. Predicting
e. Generating questions
f. Summarizing
g. Adjusting reading rate
3. Dictionary
Oral presentation of
grade-level texts
Reteaching, additional
practice, concrete
examples

Explicitly
teach
comprehensi
on strategies
that are
missing

Direct Instruction
After Reading

1. Format: Discussions, Writing,
Visual/Graphic
2. Summarizing and Retelling
3. Sharing Personal Perspectives
4. Text-to-Text, Text-to-Text,
Text-to-World
5. Visual/Graphic
Representations