~Flashback~

What are top-down, bottom-up

and interactive model?
Top-down:
begin with expectations and ideas about a text,
based on its title, format and style, before they
begin to look for words that will substantiate or
refute these expectations
Bottom-up:
an approach which works from the parts to the
whole, building up gradually in a process of
growth (starts from words decoding)
Interactive:
interaction of bottom-up and top-down processes

Activities that promote bottom-
up, top-down and bottom-up
Examples of activities:
Bottom-up:
Reading aloud
Complex sounds coding
Long and short sound coding
Meaning looking
Synonyms and antonyms
Sequencing
Spot the words and fill in the blanks
Top-down:
Predict the ending
Rearrange the plot of the story
Retell the lesson / value learned from the text
Change the story line
Change the ending

Interactive:
Use selected words in text to create new story
Create new story based on the characters in the
story given
How to promote those activities in
classroom situation?
Stress-free atmosphere
Non-threatening environment
Pupils are free to voice out their opinion (guessing
the ending)
Pupils are given total freedom in creating new
stories
Teacher as facilitator
Guide pupils to find the meaning of the difficult
words
Guide pupils to look for particular details that
required
Guide pupils to have a clearer picture on the text

Selection of activities
Suitability
interesting