By: Katie Ferguson and Amanda Means

Stem cells have shown the ability to

regenerate structures found in the
periodontium.
As dental hygienists it is important to
stay current on this information to
educate our patients and to help them
make the best choice for their oral
health.
Tooth loss or absence results from
numerous pathologies:
Periodontal Disease
Dental Caries
Fractures
Injuries
Genetic alterations
Materials used to replace the
missing periodontium structure:
Synthetic material
Patients own tissue
metallic alloy
Bone loss has been irreversible until
now with the use of stem cells



Stem cells are master cells that
generate tissue and organs following
trauma or disease.
2 classifications of stem cells:
Embryonic stem cells
Adult stem cells
Derived from embryos
Results in the embryo
being destroyed
Technical and ethical
issues arise
Can develop into
almost any tissue
Can be difficult to
grow
If not controlled
excessive growth can
cause tumor formation
Less ethical
concerns
Theoretically found
in every type of
tissue
Adipose
Bone marrow
Umbilical cord
Teeth
Application of adult
stem cells in
dentistry are still
problematic





Five different adult dental stem cells
found to date:
Dental pulp stem cells
Stems cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth
Periodontal ligament stem cells
Stem cells from apical papilla
Dental follicle stem cells

Generate a dentin,
pulp like complex
Higher proliferation
rate when compared
to permanent teeth
Has the ability to
transform into
odontoblast-like
cells that influence
dentin formation
Isolated from the root surface of extracted teeth
Differentiate into cells or tissues very similar to
periodontium
Have shown to regenerate collagen fibers and
cementum/periodontal like structures
Collected from the
root apex of human
teeth
Can only be isolated
at a certain stage in
tooth development
High capacity for
dentin formation
Are acceptable for
producing root
structure

Have the capability
to produce bone,
periodontal
ligament, and
cementum
As of now, research is
focused on
regeneration of:
Pulp and teeth
Dentin
Alveolar bone
Periodontal ligament
after periodontal
disease
Salivary glands after
radiation of the head
and neck
Treat lichen planus
Repair craniofacial
defects
Dental professionals must
stay updated with stem cell
research of the orofacial
region so they can
educated the patient on
the advantages and
disadvantages of stem cell
storage.
This should be the
patients ultimate decision
Storage banks can be
costly
The patient should weigh
the risk over benefit

The time is coming when
people no longer have to
suffer from bone and tooth
loss with the use of dental
stem cells.
Dental stem cells are creating
a promising outlook for
regenerative dentistry.
We as dental professionals
must expand our knowledge
to better improve the care and
quality of life for our patients.
A profession that fails to
advance itself by new
knowledge is not a profession
that lasts.
Works Cited

Eleuterio, Enrica, Oriana Trubiani, Marilisa Sulpizio, Fabrizio Di Giuseppe, Laura
Pierdomenico, Marco Marchisio, Raffaella Giancola, Gianluigi Giammaria, Sebastiano Miscia, Sergio Caputi,
Carmine Di Ilio, and Stefanni Angelucci. "Proteome of Human Stem Cells from Periodontal Ligament and
Dental Pulp." PLOS ONE 8.8 (2013): 1-10. Web. 12 Nov. 2013.
<http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0071101>.

Maeda, Hidefumi, Atsushi Tomokiyo, Shinsuke Fujii, Naohisa Wada, and Akifumi Akamine.
"Promise of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells in Regeneration of Periodontium." Stem Cell Research &
Therapy 2.4 (2011): N. pag. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. <http://stemcellres.com/content/2/4/33>.

Mao, Jeremy. "Stem Cells and Dentistry." The Journal of Dental Hygiene 83.4 (2009): 173. Web.
12 Nov. 2013. <http://jdh.adha.org/content/83/4/175.full.pdf>.

Navabazam M.D., Ali Reza, Fatemeh Sadeghian Nodoshan M.Sc., Mohammad Hasan Sheikhhan
M.D. Ph.D., Sayyed Mohsen Miresmaeili M.Sc., Mehrdad Soeimani B.Sc., and Farzaneh Fesahar M.Sc..
"Charaterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Dental Pulp, Periapical Follicle and Periodontal
Ligament." Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine 11.3 (2013): 235-241. Web. 12 Nov. 2013.
<http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?rm13031>.

Shilpa, P.S., Rachna Kaul, Nishat Sultana, and Surakasha Bhat. "Stem Cells: Boon to Dentistry
and Medicine." Dental Research Journal 10.2 (2013): 149-154. Web. 30 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3731952/>.

Picture References

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