NUR AQILA EZZANY BINTI KAMARULZAMAN

NUR AZIMAH ADILA BINTI MOHD SHUKRI

SAKINAH KHALIDAH BINTI KAHARUDDIN
SITI NADIRAH BINTI JAMIL
Definition Basement:
A basement excavation is a construction dig.

There are several common method of
excavation, in order to build basement.

Essential that the excavation is adequately
supported, and the groundwater properly
controlled.
Subsoil conditions
and ground water
level

Working space
requirements and site
constraints
Maintenance of the
wall and support
system in permanent
condition

Cost and times of
construction

Local experience
and available
construction plant

TYPES OF
EXCAVATION
FOR
BASEMENT
CONSTRUCTIO
N
DIAPHRAGM
WALL
SHEET
PILE
WALL
CONTIGUOUS
BORED PILES
WALL
SECANT
PILES

a form of driven piling using thin interlocking
sheets of steel.
Used vibrating hammer, t-crane and crawler
drilling to establish it
suitable for sites where the space around the
excavation is insufficient for sloping back the
sides
SHEET PILE WALL
SHEET PILE WALL
It consist of rolled steel sections with interlocking
edge joints
The interlocking edges allow each sheet pile to
slide into the next with relative ease.


1) POSITION OF STEEL
2) INSTALLATION OF
FIRST SHEET PILE
3) INSTALLALTION OF
SECOND SHEET PILE
4) REPITATION OF
PROCESS

5) EXTENSION OF SHEET
PILE
Examples of Sheet Pile
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Rapid installation Direct driving effect on the subsoil
Steel can be either permanent or
recovered
Noisy
very economical compare with
the alternative of a diaphragm wall
High capital investment if re-
usage is restricted
Seal may not be perfect
Constructed by excavation in a trench which
temporarily supported by bentonite slurry.
Suitable for :
sites where obstructions in the ground prevent sheet
piles from being driven where the occurrence of
groundwater is unfavorable for other methods of
support.
Also suitable for sites where considerations of noise
and vibration
On reaching founding level steel reinforcement is
lowered into the trench, followed by concrete to
displace the bentonite
DIAPHRAGM WALL

2 ) Excavation of
Panel
2. EXCAVATE TRENCH
Examples of Diaphragm Wall
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Permanent basement wall A lot of labour is needed
Scan be designed to form
part of a permanent
foundation
Long period of construction
Minimum vibration and
noise
High cost
Can be used in restricted
space
line of bored pile installed close together or
touching.

Smaller diameter micro-pile may be installed in
between each adjacent pile.

Gaps between the micro-pile
and main piles are grouted.


1). POSITION OF BORED PILE

2) INSTALLATION OF CASING
VIBRO HAMMER

3) AUGERING OF BORE PILE
4) INSTALLATION OF STEEL
CAGE
5) CONCRETING OF
BORE HOLE
6) EXTRACTION
7) REPITATION OF
PRECESS
Examples of Contiguous
Bored Pile
Advantages

Disadvantages


Built-up areas where noise and vibration should be
limited

Concrete in shaft susceptible to squeezing or
necking in soft soil where conventional types are
used

In industrial complexes where access, headroom
and/or restriction on vibration may make other
methods such as steel sheet piling or diaphragm
walling less suitable

Special techniques needed for concreting in water
bearing soils

Lower cost

Concrete can be readily inspected after installation

Speed in construction for temporary and
permanent wall where drilling conditions are
conducive

Drilling a number of pile in group may cause loss of
ground and settlement of adjacent structures

Higher capacity to overcome obstruction like rock
compare to other system

Additional work are needed to form an acceptable
surface to the wall

Drilling tools can be break up boulders or other
obstructions

Lack of water tightness
similar to contiguous bored piles except that
they are constructed in:
- male
- female

interlock each other.
male piles are reinforced while the female piles
are not.
In cases where lateral pressure from the soil is
excessively high, male-male secant piles may be
used.


1. CONSTRUCT A GUIDE
WALL
2. INSTALLATION OF STEEL
CASING
3) AUGERING OF PRIMARY
BOREHOLES
4) CONCRETING OF PRIMARY
BOREHOLES
5) AUGERING OF SECONDARY BOREHOLES
6) INSTALLATION OF STEEL
CAGE
7) CONCRETING OF
SECONDARY BOREHOLE
8) REPITATION OF PROCESS
Example Secant Pile..

Advantages

Disadvantages

- Provide higher degree of water
tightness

- High cost for installation

- Stronger resistance to lateral
pressure

- Ensuring complete contact of all
piles over their full length

- Can be used on small and
confined sites

- May be difficult in practice

- Suitable to built near building,
roads and other sensitive
structures

- Minimum noise and vibration
CASE STUDY
CONTRACT TITTLE
Purpose to build 33 storey office tower developed by KL Sentral &
MRCB for Lembaga Tabung Haji

SCOPE OF WORKS
1 BLOCK OFFICE WHICH CONSISTS OF :
- 3 levels of basement parking
- 2 levels of Main lobbies
- 5 levels of elevated car parks
- 1 level of M&E Floor
- 20 levels of Offices
- 2 levels of Penthouse

PROJECT BRIEFING
- Location of site : KL Sentral
- Located at congested area ( Putra,KTM,Erl station,shop lots building,
private parking area,hotel, office building, etc )
- The land is existed flat
- According to soil engineer, type of soil consist : sandy clay, silty clay, silty
sand, shale and shale rock.
- It was busy area within working hours

NATURE OF SITE
METHOD STATEMENT OF
BASEMENT WORKS
SURVEY STAGE
- Land surveyor play their role the original ground level and set out
control point

SITE CLEARING
- demolition of existing building small shop building
- grubbing out bushes, trees and removal soil to reduce level
- After site clear - hoarding, wash trough, storage and temporary site office
CONSTRUCTION OF DIAPHRAGM WALL AND CONTIGUOUS BORED
PILE

- two type of retaining wall has decided by engineer diaphragm wall and
contiguous bored pile.
- use existing diaphragm wall save cost and limited space ( refer layout plan)
- reason : if build new diaphragm wall, ground anchor fixed to diaphragm wall
will disturbed the foundation of existing building
- use contiguous bored piled - For perimeter area did not have existing building
- Bored piled :
- total used : 260 nos
- size : 750 mm
- depth : 16 m
- gap : 75 mm
- use helical reinforcement
- I machine can build only 2 bored pile in one day have 4 machine at site
- after completion, use concrete 200 mm thk as skin wall + waterproofing
- advantages using contig.bored pile : It is free standing didnt use anchor
EXCAVATION
- after completion of diaphragm wall and contiguous bored pile,
excavate basement.
- excavate 10.00 m depth
- use 1m3 bucket excavator.
- ramp system purpose of transportation loading and unloading
construction material.( refer figure 5.19 )
- the ramp will remove after excavation process.
- temporary opening entering excavation area ( refer figure 5.20 )
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY IV - BASEMENT
CONSTRUCTION BASEMENT FOUNDATION

- use raft foundation as a foundation
- depth : 2.75 m
- size of reinforcement : 25 mm , 32 mm
- concreting process concrete + ice cube low the temperature
- reason use raft foundation : - carry a great load
- soil hard material at site
View 1 raft foundation construction
View 5 Concreting of raft in progress
View 6 completion of concreting
Raft foundation
CONSTRUCTIONN OF BASEMENT FRAME AND STRUCTURE

- method of construction : bottom up method ( refer figure below )
- starting by construction of basement column
- start from B1 - B2 B3
- construction including concrete, formwork , reinforcement
Construction of Basement
Frame
BACKFILLING
- after completion of basement frame backfilling process
- backfilling process by stage
- after completion of B3, contractor constructing B2 level backfilling
process proceed at level B3
- repeat backfilling sequence until upper level
Backfilling the
remaining excavated
area
COMPLETE BASEMENT
- after backfilling process structural work for basement completely
finished
- proceed upper level construction floor , wall, etc.
Complete Basement
This property is a detached Victorian house in Hampstead, which had no existing cellar, a
timber suspended floor and an existing partial lower ground floor. London Basement were
asked to carry out the construction of a basement below the house and rear and side patios,
creating an area of 196M (2109 sq.ft.), with a head height of 3M below the house and 2.9M
below the patios.
As you will see from the artists rendition, the majority of the basement space was to be used
as an Art Gallery.
The property had a part timber suspended, part solid floor and our clients lived in the
property throughout the works, which took approx. 30 weeks.
Two conveyors belts were installed from the areas of excavation into the skip situated on the
road.
Initially we carried out the design and installation of the temporary works required to support
the existing building structure. This involved the installation of a series of cantilever needle
beams passing through the external walls, at critical load points, supported on temporary
compression piles placed adjacent to the external walls. This enabled us to be able to break
out the existing foundations and replace them with the new designed steel support system.
Whichever method supporting basement chosen
and any consideration will have to be given to
additional measures to achieve good performance
corresponding to modern consumer expectations.

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