ORGANISED BY:

PHYSICS
MODULE
2.0 ELECTRICITY
TOPIC:
2.0 ELECTRICITY
2.5 ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND POWER
CONTENTS:
1. CHAPTER HIGHLIGHT (30 MINUTES)
2. ACTIVITY (50 MINUTES)
3. ASSESSMENT (40 MINUTES)
4. MARING SCHEME(ANSWER EY)
2
TOPICS : ELECTRICITY
CONTENT : ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND POWER
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS( 30 minutes)
1.
Definition




2. Example 1
EXAPLE !:
3
ELECTRICAL
ENERGY
Electrical Energy(E)
The work done to
move the charges
through a circuit.
The Potential
difference()
The work done (W)
to move one unit
charge() !etween
two terminal
!
Q
W
Therefore" " ! E ! #
E " #$%su&stitutin' $" It
E = It
W(e)e I " e*e+t)i+ +u))ent
t" time t,-en
Su&stitutin' # " IR
E = I
2
Rt
Su&stitutin' I "
R
V

E =
R
t V
2
Electrical
Po$er
Definition
The rate of transfer
#f electrical energ$
% & & '(
)ustituting ' &(*
P ! I
2
R
)u!stituting ( & "
P !
SI .nit
W /) 0s
1!
,)2 W(,t is t(e 3/4e) /5 , *,m3 ),te6 ,t !2 # 3 A 7
&)2 H/4 m,n8 9/u*es /5 e*e+t)i+,* ene)'8 ,)e t),ns5e))e6 3e) se+/n6 &8
!2 # 2 A *,m3 72

S/*uti/n :

,) Gi:en # " !2 # ,n6 I " 3 A &)2 Gi:en # " !2 # ,n6 I " 2 A
P " #I E " #It
" E " #I
t
"
EXAPLE 2:
,) A 5i*,ment *,m3 is ),te6 ;0 W ,n6 2<0 # 2 =in6
(i) t(e +u))ent 5*/4in' t()/u'( t(e *,m3%
(ii) t(e )esist,n+e /5 t(e 5i*,ment ,n6
(iii) t(e ene)'8 3)/6u+e6 &8 t(e *,m3 in /ne (/u)2

S/*uti/n:

Gi:en: P/4e) % P " ;0 W ,n6 3/tenti,* 6i55e)en+e% # " 2<0 #
(i) .sin' P " I #%
T(e)e5/)e% I "
V
P
"
2<0
;0
" 022> A
(ii) .sin' P "
R
V
2

T(e)e5/)e% R "
P
V
2
"
;0
) 2<0 (
2
" ?;0
(ii) Gi:en : time% t " ! (/u) " !@ ;0 @ ;0 " 3;00 s
Ene)'8 3)/6u+e6 E " P t%
" ;0 @ 3;00
" 2!;000 0
" 22!; @ !0
>
0
Energy Efficiency

<
Po$er rating
*ate of
consumption
#f energ$ !$ an
appliance as shown
on the appliance
Efficiency
*atio of work output
to energ$ input.
+iven in the form of
percentage
Energy
Efficiency

ACTI#ITIES( >0 minutes)
!2 C,*+u*,te t(e 3/4e) 6issi3,te6 in , !0 A )esist/) 4(en , 3/tenti,* 6i55e)en+e /5
!2 # is ,33*ie6 ,+)/ss t(e )esist/)2
,hoose the right appliances
(such as air-conditioner
suited to the si.e of !uilding
or room).
,hoose the right appliances
(such as air-conditioner
suited to the si.e of !uilding
or room).
/u$ energ$-efficient
appliances
/u$ energ$-efficient
appliances
0se appliances wisel$"e.g.
avoid peak hours
0se appliances wisel$"e.g.
avoid peak hours
1ix leaks in duct s$stems
and insulate the ducts
1ix leaks in duct s$stems
and insulate the ducts
*eplace light !ul!s(which
generate more heat)with
more efficient fluorescent
lights.
*eplace light !ul!s(which
generate more heat)with
more efficient fluorescent
lights.
,lean or replace filters of
heating or cooling s$stem.
Dirt$ filters restrict airflow"
hence the s$stem runs
longer and increases energ$
usage
,lean or replace filters of
heating or cooling s$stem.
Dirt$ filters restrict airflow"
hence the s$stem runs
longer and increases energ$
usage
2o wastage.
Turn off appliances when not
in use and heat up water
according to need.
2o wastage.
Turn off appliances when not
in use and heat up water
according to need.
Ways of
increasing Energy
efficiency
Ways of
increasing Energy
efficiency
>

Efficienc$ & #utput power x 133 4
(nput power
22 In t(e +i)+uit s(/4n% +,*+u*,te
(, ) t(e +u))ent t(,t 5*/4s t()/u'( t(e +i)+uit
(&) t(e 3/4e) 6issi3,te6 in t(e < A )esist/)
(+ ) t(e 3/4e) 6issi3,te6 in t(e B A )esist/)
(6) t(e /ut3ut 3/4e) /5 t(e &,tte)8
32 An imme)si/n (e,te) (,s , *,&e* 2<0 #% C>0W
(,) W(,t is me,nt &8 t(is *,&e*7
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
(&) W(,t is t(e )esist,n+e /5 t(e imme)si/n (e,te)7
(+) H/4 mu+( e*e+t)i+,* ene)'8 is use6 &8 t(e (e,te) in !> minutes7
<2 An e*e+t)i+ t/,ste) is ),te6 230 # !000 W2 =in6 t(e )esist,n+e /5 t(e (e,te)
e*ement ,n6 t(e +u))ent 5*/4in' t()/u'( it un6e) n/)m,* /3e),tin' +/n6iti/n2
;
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&8 t(e &,tte)8 in ! (/u)7
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(,)+,*+u*,te t(e +u))ent t(,t 5*/4s t()/u'( t(e (e,te)
(&) 5in6 t(e ene)'8 +/nsume6 3e) 6,8
C2T(e (e,tin' e*ement /5 , t/,ste) t,-es , +u))ent 2 A 5)/m ,n ,+ su33*8 2>0 #2
C,*+u*,te
(,)t(e )esist,n+e /5 t(e (e,tin' e*ement
(&)t(e /ut3ut 3/4e) /5 t(e ,+ su33*8
B2 An e*e+t)i+ i)/n is *,&e*e6 2<0#% C>0 W2 =in6
(,) T(e +u))ent )eEui)e6 5/) n/)m,* /3e),ti/n /5 t(e i)/n
(&) T(e )esist,n+e /5 t(e (e,tin' e*ement
(+) T(e e*e+t)i+,* ene)'8 use6 in 2 (/u)s2
?2 T(e ),tes /5 e*e+t)i+it8 +/nsum3ti/n 5/) 5/u) t83es /5 e*e+t)i+,* ,33*i,n+es ,n6
t(e 6u),ti/n /5 us,'e in , 6,8 ,)e *iste6 &e*/4:
C
A33*i,n+es P/4e)F-W Du),ti/nF(
Re5)i'e),t/) 0220 !>
Gett*e 22>0 !
Te*e:isi/n 02!> B
W,te) (e,te) 32;0 !>
H,se6 /n t(e t,&*e 'i:en% +,*+u*,te t(e t/t,* ene)'8 us,'e /5 e*e+t)i+it8 +/nsum3ti/n 5/)
t(ese 5/u) ,33*i,n+es in 30 6,8s2
ASSESENT ( <0 minutes)
!2T(e e*e+t)/m/ti:e 5/)+e ,n6 inte)n,* )esist,n+e /5 t(e 6)8 +e** in t(e +i)+uit
&e*/4 is !2> # ,n6 02>A )es3e+ti:e*82
W(,t is t(e )e,6in' /5 t(e :/*tmete) 4(en t(e s4it+( is +*/se67
A2 0 #
H2 !2> #
C2 Less t(,n !2> #
D2 /)e t(,n !2> #
22 W(i+( +i)+uit +,n &e use6 t/ 6ete)mine t(e e*e+t)/m/ti:e 5/)+e /5 , &,tte)87
B
32 A t/)+( &u*& uses , 3 # su33*8 ,n6 t,-es , +u))ent /5 022 A2 It is s4it+(e6 /n
5/) /ne minute2 H/4 mu+( e*e+t)i+,* ene)'8 is use67
A2 02; 0
H2 !2 0
C2 3; 0
D2 !00 0
<2 =i'u)e ! s(/4s ,n imme)si/n (e,te) 4it( s3e+i5i+,ti/n /5 2< #% !000 W2
1igure 1
(,) N,me /ne suit,&*e m,te)i,* t/ &e use6 t/ , (e,tin' e*ement in t(e imme)si/n
(e,te)
5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
(&) T(e imme)si/n (e,te) is +/nne+te6 t/ , 2<0 # su33*82
C,*+u*,te
?
(i)t(e +u))ent t(,t 3,sses t()/u'( t(e imme)si/n (e,te)
(ii)t(e )esist,n+e /5 t(e imme)si/n (e,te)
(+)A stu6ent +/n6u+ts ,n e@3e)iment t/ +/m3,)e t(e (e,tin' e55e+t /5 imme)si/n
(e,te)s P%$ ,n6 R2 T(e :/*ume ,n6 initi,* tem3e),tu)e /5 t(e 4,te) is 5i@e62
T,&*e ! s(/4s t(e )esu*t /5 t(e e@3e)iment2
Imme)si/n (e,te) P/tenti,*
6i55e)en+eF#
Cu))entFA Time 5/) t(e 4,te)
t/ st,)t &/i*in'F
minute
P 2<0 ;20 B20
$ 2<0 >20 !020
R 2<0 <20 ?20
T,&*e !
(i) St,te t(e ene)'8 +(,n'e t(,t /++u)s 4(en t(e imme)si/n (e,te) s4it+(e6
/n2
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
(ii)C,*+u*,te t(e ene)'8 su33*ie6 &8 e,+( /5 t(e imme)si/n (e,te)s P%$ ,n6 R
t/ st,)t &/i*in' t(e 4,te)2
(iii) .sin' 8/u) ,ns4e) in (+)(ii)% su''est 4(i+( imme)si/n (e,te) is t(e m/st
suit,&*e t/ (e,t 4,te)2 Gi:e one )e,s/n 5/) 8/u) ,ns4e)2
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
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t()/u'( , :e)ti+,* 6ist,n+e /5 !22 m2 T(e time t,-en is !B20 s2 T(e :/*t,'e
!0
,+)/ss t(e m/t/) ,n6 t(e +u))ent t()/u'( it ,)e +/nst,nt ,t ;20 # ,n6 023
)es3e+ti:e*82 Assumin' t(,t t(e '),:it,ti/n,* 5/)+e /n , m,ss /5 !20 -' is !0 N%
+,*+u*,te
(,)t(e 3/4e) in3ut t/ t(e m/t/)
(&)t(e 4/)- 6/ne in ),isin' t(e */,6
(+)t(e use5u* 3/4e) /ut3ut 6e:e*/3e6 &8 t(e m/t/)
(6)t(e e55i+ien+8 /5 t(is /3e),ti/n
;2T(e t,&*e 'i:es 6et,i*s /5 t(e use /5 e*e+t)i+it8 in /ne (/use(/*6 in /ne t()ee1
m/nt( 3e)i/62
Gin6 /5 use P/4e) in -W Time /5 use in ( Ene)'8 +/nsum3ti/n
in -W (
Li'(tin' 02B 2C0
He,tin' !220 !>0
Ot(e) 220 <00
t/t,*
C/m3*ete t(e *,st +/*umn /5 t(e t,&*e
Ans4e)s /5 ACTI#ITIES
!!
!2 !<2< W
22 (,)! A
(&)< W
(+) B W
(6)!2 W
32(,)C>0 0 /5 ene)'8 is use6 3e) se+/n6 4(en t(e :/*t,'e ,33*ie6 is 2<0 #
(&)C;2B A
(+) ;2C> @ !0
>
0
<2 >22? W% <23> A
>2 2!;000 0
;2 (,) !02BC A
(&)> -W (
C2 (,) !2> A
(&) >00A
B2 (,) 32!2> A
(&) C;2B A
(+)>2< @ !0
;
0

?2
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+/nsume6F-W (
Re5)i'e),t/) 0220 !> 3200
Gett*e 22>0 ! 22>0
Te*e:isi/n 02!> B !220
W,te) (e,te) 32;0 !2> >2<0
t/t,* !22!
T/t,* e*e+t)i+,* ene)'8 us,'e 5/) 30 6,8s
"!22! @ 30
"<22! -W (
Ans4e)s /5 ASSESENT
!2 C
22 C
32 C
<2(,) tun'sten
(&) (i) P " I#
I "
2<0
!000
" <2!C
(ii) # " I R
2<0 " <2!C R
!2
R "
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2<0
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(+)(i)e*e+t)i+,* ene)'8 (e,t ene)'8
(ii) E P" #It
" (2<0)(;20)(B20@ ;0)
" ;2?!2 @ !0
>
0

E $" #It
" (2<0)(>20)(!020@ ;0)
" C2200 @ !0
>
0
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"(2<0)(<20)(?20@;0)
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>
0
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>2(,) P " I# " ;20(0230)
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(&)W/)- 6/ne " =2s
"02C>(!0) @ !22
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(+)P "
t
W
"
0 2 !B
0 2 ?
" 02> W
(6)e55i+ien+8 "
inputpower
r outputpowe
@ !00 I
"
B 2 !
> 2 0
@ !00 I
" 2B20 I
;2
Gin6 /5 use P/4e) in -W Time /5 use in ( Ene)'8 +/nsum3ti/n
in -W (
Li'(tin' 02B 2C0 02B(2C0)" 2!;
He,tin' !220 !>0 !220(!>0)"!B00
Ot(e) 220 <00 220(<00) "B00
t/t,* 2!;J!B00JB00"2B!;

!3