8/15/2014 How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line | EEP

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How to calculate voltage regulation of
distribution line
How to calculate voltage regulation of distribution line (on photo: Distribution Lines -
Oaxaca, Mexico, 2013 via FlickR)
Content
1. Introduction to voltage regulation
2. Voltage Regulation for 11KV, 22KV, 33KV Overhead Line
3. Permissible Voltage Regulation (As per REC)
4. Voltage Regulation Values
5. Required Size of Capacitor
6. Optimum location of capacitors
7. Voltage Rise due to Capacitor installation
8. Calculate % Voltage Regulation of Distribution Line
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Introduction to voltage regulation
Voltage (load) regulation is to maintain a fixed voltage under different load.Voltage regulation is
limiting factor to decide the size of either conductor or type of insulation.
In circuit current need to be lower than this in order to keep the voltage drop within permissible
values. The high voltage circuit should be carried as far as possible so that the secondary circuit
have small voltage drop.
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Voltage Regulation for 11KV, 22KV, 33KV Overhead Line
% Voltage Regulation = (1.06 x P x L x PF) / (LDF x RC x DF)
Where:
P Total Power in KVA
L Total Length of Line from Power Sending to Power Receiving in KM.
PF Power Factor in p.u
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RC Regulation Constant (KVA-KM) per 1% drop.
RC = (KV x KV x 10) / ( RCos + XSin)
LDF Load Distribution Factor.
LDF = 2 for uniformly distributed Load on Feeder.
LDF > 2 If Load is skewed toward the Power Transformer.
LDF = 1 To 2 If Load is skewed toward the Tail end of Feeder.
DF Diversity Factor in p.u
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Permissible Voltage Regulation (As per REC)
Maximum Voltage Regulation at any Point of Distribution Line
Part of
Distribution
System
Urban Area
(%)
Suburban Area
(%)
Rural Area (%)
Up to Transformer 2.5 2.5 2.5
Up to Secondary
Main
3 2 0.0
Up to Service
Drop
0.5 0.5 0.5
Total 6.0 5.0 3.0
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Voltage Regulation Values
The voltage variations in 33 kV and 11kV feeders should not exceed the following limits at the
farthest end under peak load conditions and normal system operation regime.
Above 33kV (-) 12.5% to (+) 10%.
Up to 33kV (-) 9.0% to (+) 6.0%.
Low voltage (-) 6.0% to (+) 6.0%
In case it is difficult to achieve the desired voltage especially in Rural areas, then 11/0.433 kV
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distribution transformers(in place of normal 11/0.4 kV DTs) may be used in these areas.
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Required Size of Capacitor
Size of capacitor for improvement of the Power Factor from Cos 1 to Cos 2 is:
Required size of Capacitor (Kvar) = KVA1 (Sin 1 [Cos 1 / Cos 2] x Sin 2)
Where KVA1 is Original KVA.
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Optimum location of capacitors
L = [1 (KVARC / 2 KVARL) x (2n - 1)]
Where:
L distance in per unit along the line from sub-station.
KVARC Size of capacitor bank
KVARL KVAR loading of line
n relative position of capacitor bank along the feeder from sub-station if the total capacitance is
to be divided into more than one Bank along the line. If all capacitance is put in one Bank than
values of n=1.
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Voltage Rise due to Capacitor installation:
% Voltage Rise = (KVAR(Cap) x Lx X) / 10 x Vx2
Where:
KVAR (Cap) Capacitor KVAR
X Reactance per phase
L Length of Line (mile)
V Phase to phase voltage in kilovolts
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Calculate % Voltage Regulation of Distribution Line
Calculate Voltage drop and % Voltage Regulation at Trail end of following 11 KV Distribution
system:
System have ACSR DOG Conductor (AI 6/4.72, GI7/1.57)
Current Capacity of ACSR Conductor = 205Amp,
Resistance = 0.2792 and Reactance = 0 ,
Permissible limit of % Voltage Regulation at Trail end is 5%.
Method-1 (Distance
Base)
Voltage Drop = (
(3x(RCos+XSin)x I )
/ (No of Conductor/Phase
x1000))x Length of Line
Voltage drop at Load A
Load Current at Point A (I) = KW / 1.732xVoltxP.F
Load Current at Point A (I) =1500 / 1.732x11000x0.8 = 98 Amp.
Required No of conductor / Phase =98 / 205 =0.47 Amp =1 No
Voltage Drop at Point A = ( (3x(RCos+XSin)xI ) / (No of Conductor/Phase x1000))x
Length of Line
Voltage Drop at Point A =((1.732x (0.2720.8+00.6)x98) / 11000)x1500) = 57 Volt
Receiving end Voltage at Point A = Sending end Volt-Voltage Drop= (1100-57) = 10943
Volt.
% Voltage Regulation at Point A = ((Sending end Volt-Receiving end Volt) / Receiving end
Volt) x100
% Voltage Regulation at Point A = ((11000-10943) / 10943 )x100 = 0.52%
% Voltage Regulation at Point A =0.52 %
Voltage drop at Load B
Load Current at Point B (I) = KW / 1.732xVoltxP.F
Load Current at Point B (I) =1800 / 1.732x11000x0.8 = 118 Amp.
Distance from source= 1500+1800=3300 Meter.
Voltage Drop at Point B = ( (3x(RCos+XSin)xI ) / (No of Conductor/Phase x1000))x
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Length of Line
Voltage Drop at Point B =((1.732x (0.2720.8+00.6)x98) / 11000)x3300) = 266 Volt
Receiving end Voltage at Point B = Sending end Volt-Voltage Drop= (1100-266) = 10734
Volt.
% Voltage Regulation at Point B= ((Sending end Volt-Receiving end Volt) / Receiving end
Volt) x100
% Voltage Regulation at Point B= ((11000-10734) / 10734 )x100 = 2.48%
% Voltage Regulation at Point B =2.48 %
Voltage drop at Load C
Load Current at Point C (I) = KW / 1.732xVoltxP.F
Load Current at Point C (I) =2000 / 1.732x11000x0.8 = 131 Amp
Distance from source= 1500+1800+2000=5300 Meter.
Voltage Drop at Point C = ( (3x(RCos+XSin)xI ) / (No of Conductor/Phase x1000))x
Length of Line
Voltage Drop at Point C =((1.732x (0.2720.8+00.6)x98) / 11000)x5300) = 269 Volt
Receiving end Voltage at Point C = Sending end Volt-Voltage Drop= (1100-269) = 10731
Volt.
% Voltage Regulation at Point C= ((Sending end Volt-Receiving end Volt) / Receiving end
Volt) x100
% Voltage Regulation at Point C= ((11000-10731) / 10731 )x100 = 2.51%
% Voltage Regulation at Point C =2.51 %
Here Trail end Point % Voltage Regulation is 2.51% which is in permissible limit.
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Method-2 (Load Base)
% Voltage Regulation =(I x (Rcos+Xsin)x Length ) / No of Cond.per Phase xV (P-
N))x100
Voltage drop at Load A
Load Current at Point A (I) = KW / 1.732xVoltxP.F
Load Current at Point A (I) =1500 / 1.732x11000x0.8 = 98 Amp.
Distance from source= 1.500 Km.
Required No of conductor / Phase =98 / 205 =0.47 Amp =1 No
Voltage Drop at Point A = (I x (Rcos+Xsin)x Length ) / V (Phase-Neutral))x100
Voltage Drop at Point A =((98x(0.2720.8+00.6)x1.5) / 16351) = 0.52%
% Voltage Regulation at Point A =0.52 %
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Voltage drop at Load B
Load Current at Point B (I) = KW / 1.732xVoltxP.F
Load Current at Point B (I) =1800 / 1.732x11000x0.8 = 118 Amp.
Distance from source= 1500+1800=3.3Km.
Required No of conductor / Phase =118 / 205 =0.57 Amp =1 No
Voltage Drop at Point B = (I x (Rcos+Xsin)x Length ) / V (Phase-Neutral))x100
Voltage Drop at Point B =((118x(0.2720.8+00.6)x3.3)/16351) = 1.36%
% Voltage Regulation at Point A =1.36 %
Voltage drop at Load C
Load Current at Point C (I) = KW / 1.732xVoltxP.F
Load Current at Point C (I) =2000 / 1.732x11000x0.8 = 131Amp.
Distance from source= 1500+1800+2000=5.3Km.
Required No of conductor / Phase =131/205 =0.64 Amp =1 No
Voltage Drop at Point C = (I x (Rcos+Xsin)x Length ) / V (Phase-Neutral))x100
Voltage Drop at Point C =((131x(0.2720.8+00.6)x5.3)/16351) = 2.44%
% Voltage Regulation at Point A =2.44 %
Here Trail end Point % Voltage Regulation is 2.44% which is in permissible limit.
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Recommended EE articles
jiguparmar - Jignesh Parmar has completed his B.E(Electrical) from Gujarat
University. He is member of Institution of Engineers (MIE),India. Membership
No:M-1473586.He has more than 12 years experience in Transmission -
Distribution-Electrical Energy theft detection-Electrical Maintenance-Electrical
Projects (Planning-Designing-Technical Review-coordination -Execution). He is
Presently associate with one of the leading business group as a Assistant Manager
at Ahmedabad,India. He has published numbers of Technical Articles in "Electrical Mirror",
"Electrical India", "Lighting India", "Industrial Electrix"(Australian Power Publications) Magazines.
He is Freelancer Programmer of Advance Excel and design useful Excel base Electrical Programs
as per IS, NEC, IEC,IEEE codes. He is Technical Blogger and Familiar with English, Hindi,
Gujarati, French languages. He wants to Share his experience & Knowledge and help technical
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