ASTOMIA

Astomia is due to a complete union of te upper and lower lips.

MACROSTOMIA (Horizontal Cheek Cleft) *because it extends fro the corners of the mouth to
the masseter or in several cases to the tragus of ear

Result of complete fusion of maxillary and mandibular processes of the developing embryo
resulting in an abnormally large oral aperture

UNILATERAL
BILATERAL

EPIGNATHUS (oral teratoma)
Arising in the region of Rathkes pouch projecting into and filling the pharynx or oral cavity
protruding from the mouth
*may extend from the palate or base of skull
*arising from hypophysis
- Rathkes pouch - a depression in the roof of the developing mouth during embryogenesis.
It gives rise to the anterior pituitary gland
MICROSTOMIA
From the word itself micro meaning small, and mouth
Maybe congenital but usually acquired, maybe associated with operative procedures or stenosis
of the pharynx
Stenosis- narrowing of passage

Congenital microstomia
Condition called:
Freeman Sheldon syndrome
- microstomia with pouting lips, ulnar deviations of fingers and talipes equinovarus
(club foot)

another condition under congenital microstomia:
Hallerman Streiff Syndrome
Characterized by dyscephaly (malformation of head) with bird facies, bilateral
syndactyly (fused fingers) involving the 4
th
and 5
th
digits
Enamel hypoplasia Yellowish discoloration of teeth, with microdontia and extensivecarious
involvement


Acquired Microstomia
Burns * burns from Lye ingestion
a strongly alkaline solution, esp. of potassium hydroxide, used for washing or cleansing.

- may cause lifting of mandible due to the presence of scar tissue somehow deviates the
form of the mouth

SUPERNUMERARY MOUTH AND/OR JAWS
Fetus with extra mouth which is smaller in size and generally ending blindly. Some has
extra lips, tongue and jaw