Tr khng vo ca anten

S
R
S
jX
A
R
A
jX
S S S
jX R Z + =
A A A
jX R Z + =
Ngun pht
anten
S
V
A
V
A
I
2
2
2
1
A S
A s
A
Z Z
R V
P
+
=
A S
S
A
Z Z
V
I
+
=
A A A
R I P
2
2
1
=
CNG SUT TIU TH BI ANTEN
2
2
2
1
A S
A s
A
Z Z
R V
P
+
=
2
2
2
1
A A S S
A s
A
jX R jX R
R V
P
+ + +
=
A
P
S
R
S
jX
A
R
A
jX
S S S
jX R Z + =
S
V
S S S
jX R Z + =
2 2
2
2
1
S A A S
A s
A
X X R R
R V
P
+ + +
=
CC IU KIN CNG SUT TIU TH
TRN ANTEN LN NHT
2 2
2
2
1
S A A S
A s
A
X X R R
R V
P
+ + +
=
2
2
2
1
A S
A s
A
R R
R V
P
+
=
0 = +
S A
X X
S A
X X =
u tin cho
Hay l
S
R S
jX
A
R
A
jX
S
V
CC IU KIN CNG SUT TIU TH
TRN ANTEN LN NHT
2
2
2
1
A S
A s
A
R R
R V
P
+
=
S A
R R =
K n cho
S
R S
jX
A
R
S
jX
S
V
s
s
A
R
V
P
8
2
max
=
S
R
A
P Do
CNG SUT TIU TH CC I TRN ANTEN

=
=
S A
S A
R R
X X
A
P
s
s
A
R
V
P
8
2
max
=
2 2
2
S A A S
A s
A
X X R R
R V
P
+ + +
=

=
S A
Z Z
Nu
Hay
S
R S
jX
A
R
S
jX
S
V
S
R
A
jX
Nh vy
KHI NIM CNG SUT NGUN
A
P
s
s
A
R
V
P
8
2
max
=
2 2
2
S A A S
A s
A
X X R R
R V
P
+ + +
=

=
S A
Z Z
Nu
S
R S
jX
A
R
S
jX
S
V
S
R
A
jX
Nh vy
t
s
s
A S
R
V
P P
8
2
max
= =
Khi nim cng sut ngun
Cng sut ngun c xc nh l
cng sut ln nht m ngun c
th cung cp cho ti ngoi
Ti khi ny c gi tr bng lng
lin hp ca ni tr ngun
Vic xc nh cng sut ngun c
lp vi gi tr tr khng ca anten
s
s
S
R
V
P
8
2
S
R
S
jX
S S S
jX R Z + =
S
V
Ngun
Mch tng ng
Cng sut ngun
CNG SUT TIU TH TRN ANTEN VI TR
KHNG BT K
s
s
S
R
V
P
8
2
=
S
R
S
jX
A
R
S
V
A
jX
2
2
2
1
A S
A s
A
Z Z
R V
P
+
=

S A
Z Z
S A A
P P P = <
max
S
P
A
P
Nh vy nu:
CNG SUT TIU TH TRN ANTEN VI TI
BT K
s
s
S
R
V
P
8
2
=
S
R
S
jX
A
R
S
V
A
jX
2
2
2
1
A S
A s
A
Z Z
R V
P
+
=
S
P
A
P
2
4
S A
S A
S
A
Z Z
R R
P
P
q
+
= =
S A
S A
Z Z
Z Z
+

=
H s mt phi hp tr khng
H s phn x
2
1 = q
rfl
P
Nu tr khng ngun hoc anten thun tr
S
rfl
P
P
=
2
Trong
[ ]
[ ] kW W mW S
kW W mW A
P
P
q
, ,
, ,
L
L
=
( )
[ ]
[ ]

=
mW S
mW A
P
P
q
L
L
log 10 log 10
[ ] [ ] [ ] mW S mW A dB
P P q
L L
log 10 log 10 =
[ ] [ ] [ ] dBm S dBm A dB
P P q
L L
( )
[ ] [ ] dBm S dBm A
P P q
L L
= log 10
[ ] [ ] mW dBm
P P log 10
[ ]
[ ]
10
10
dBm
P
mW
P
S
Z
R
R
A
jX
S
V
Hiu sut
D
R
A
P
R
P
D
P
A A A
R I P
2
2
1
=
R A R
R I P
2
2
1
=
D R
R
A
R
A
R
R R
R
R
R
P
P
e
+
= = =
S
P
A
R
Hiu sut:
D A D
R I P
2
2
1
=
Cng sut ngun, cng sut sng ti
Cng sut anten, cng sut tiu th ca anten
Cng sut bc x
A
P
R
P
S
P
px
P
D
P
q
e
TRNG IN T C TO
BI ANTEN
TA DESCARTES
r

Antenna
x
y
z
im trong khng gian
t
r
P
0
x
0
y
0
z
( )
0 0 0
, , z y x P
TA CU
r

Antenna
x
y
z
im trong khng gian
t
r
r

V tr anten
x
y
z
im trong khng gian
t
r
Ta cu
r

V tr anten
Ta cu
r

V tr anten
x

z
H ta cu


cos sin sin cos sin
tan tan
1
2 2
1 2 2 2
r z r y r x
x
y
z
y x
z y x r
= = =
=
+
= + + =

A
A
A
A
A
A
r
z
y
x
0 sin cos
cos sin cos sin sin
sin cos cos cos sin

A A A r A
r
+ + =
r
r

V tr anten
y

z
y
x r
A
A
A
A
A
A
0 cos sin
sin sin cos cos cos
cos sin sin cos sin

z A y A x A
z y x

A + + =
r
TRNG IN T C TO
BI ANTEN
TRNG iN T C TO BI ANTEN
( ) r E
r
r
r

TRNG iN T TRUYN DC PHNG TRUYN SNG

r

( ) r E
r
r
TRNG iN T TRUYN DC PHNG TRUYN SNG
r

( ) r E
r
r

TRNG iN T NGANG
r

( ) r E
r
r
( ) r E
r
r

( ) r E
r
r

( ) r E
r
r
r
r E
r
r
= r r E
r

r
+

r E
r
+

r E
r
khong cch cng xa ngun pht:
r E
r
r
suy gim theo khong cch
rt nhanh
so vi
r E
r

v
r E
r

Do r E
r
r
Lun vung gc
vi phng truyn sng
r E
r
r

r E
r
+

r E
r
v:

TRNG iN T XA C TO BI ANTEN
r

( ) r E
r
r
( ) r E
r
r

( ) r E
r
r

Sng ny cn gi l TEM:
r E
r
r
=

r E
r
+

r E
r
Trong :
( ) ( )

, F
r
e
r E
jkr
=
r
( ) ( )

, F
r
e
r E
jkr
=
r
Nh vy:
( ) ( ) ( )


,

, F F
r
e
r E
jkr
+ =

r
r
in trng vng xa ca anten
x
y
z
r
E
r
H
r
r E
r
r
=

r E
r
+

r E
r



,

, F F
r
e
r E
jkr
+ =

r
r
VNG BC X

3
1
62 . 0 D R =

2
2
2D R =
D
1
R
2
R

2
2
2D R r = >
Trng vng xa
x
y
z
r
E
r
H
r
T TRNG XA CA ANTEN
r E r r H
r
r
r
r
=

1

120 = =
H
E
377
( ) ( ) ( )

, F F
r
e
r H
jkr
=

r
r
T trng to bi anten
( ) ( ) ( )


,

, F F
r
e
r E
jkr
+ =

r
r
r E r r H
r
r
r
r
=

1

377 120 = = =
H
E
( ) ( ) ( )

, F F
r
e
r H
jkr
=

r
r
Vector Poynting
Vector Poynting
x
y
z
r
E
r
H
r
( ) ( ) ( ) { } r H r E r S
r
r
r
r
r
r

=
2
1
Mt cng sut bc x
Vector Poynting
x
y
z
r
E
r
H
r
( ) ( ) ( ) r H r E r S
r
r
r
r
r
r

=
2
1
( ) ( ) r S r W
r
r
r
r
Re =
( ) ( ) ( ) r H r E r W
r
r
r
r
r
r

= Re
2
1
Vector mt cng sut bc x
CNG SUT IN T
Vector Poynting
( ) ( ) ( ) { } r H r E r S
r
r
r
r
r
r

=
2
1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) r H r E r S r W
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r

= = Re
2
1
Re
Ve mat cau, co E, H, S, W
( ) ( ) ( )


,

, F F
r
e
r E
jkr
+ =

r
r
( ) ( ) ( )

,
*
= F F
r
e
r H
jkr
r
r
( ) ( ) ( )

+ =




,

,
2
1
Re F F
r
e
r W
jkr
r
r
( ) ( )

, F F
r
e
jkr
Mt cng sut bc x
( )
( ) ( )
r
r
F F
r W

2
, ,
2
2
2

+
=
r
r
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
, ,
r
F F
r W

+
=
r
2
m W L
Mt
cng sut
R
P
R
P
1
S
2
S
3
S
Nh vy:
3 2 1
S
P
S
P
S
P
R R R

> >
Lng cng
sut i qua n
v din tch l
mt cng
sut
B mt cng xa
ngun pht th
mt cng
gim

( ) ( ) ( )


,

, F F
r
e
r E
jkr
+ =

r
r
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
, ,
1


F F
r
r E + =
r
r
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
2
, ,
2 r
F F
r E
r W

+
= =
r
r
r
Khi nim gc khi
n v gc phng
r
r
1 rad
n v gc khi
r
2
r
r
Din tch
1 sr
Mt gc khi c
gi tr 1 srad s
c bao ph bi
chp cu c din
tch tng ng
2
r
Cng bc x
srad W L
r
2
r
r
Chp cu ph 1 srad
tng ng din tch
1 sr
r W r U
r
2
,
( )
( ) ( )

2
, ,
,
2
2
F F
U
+
=
r W
r
Nu nhn din tch
r
vi mt cng sut
2
r
Cng sut bc x
s d r W P
R
r r
r
( ) ( ) r r W r W

=
r r
r
r ds n ds s d

= =
r
ds r W P
R
r
sin
2
r ds
sin
2
r r W P
R
r
( )
( ) ( )
r
r
F F
r W

2
, ,
2
2
2

+
=
r
r
( ) ( )
= =

0
2
0
ds r W ds r W
r r
( ) ( )

+
=

sin
2
, ,
2
2
2
2
r
r
F F
P
R
( )
( ) ( )
r
r
F F
r W

2
, ,
2
2
2

+
=
r
r
( ) ( )

+
=

sin
2
, ,
2
2
F F
P
R
( ) ( )

+
=

sin
2
, ,
2
2
F F
P
R
( )
( ) ( )

2
, ,
,
2
2
F F
U
+
=
= sin d
d U P
R
= ,
( ) ( )

+
=

sin
2
, ,
2
2
F F
P
R
( ) ( )
= =

+
=

0
2
2
2
0
sin
2
, , F F
P
R
Cng sut bc x
s d r W P
R
r r
r
ds r W P
R
r
d U P
R
,
d U P
R
,
0
, U U Anten bc x ng hng
d U P
R 0
Anten bc x ng hng
d U P
R 0
sin
0
U P
R
= =
=

0
2
0
0
sin U P
R
BC X NG HNG
0
0
2
0
0
4 sin U U P
R

= =
= =
4 d
S PHN CC
Phn cc ellipse
Vector phn cc (20/2)
( )
( )
( )
( )

,
,
F
F
r E
e r E
p
jkr
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
= =
( ) ( ) ( )


,

, , F F F + =
r
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
, ,

,




F F
F F
p
+
+
=
r
2

j
p
-
-
-
-
-
Khi anten pht Khi anten thu
Sng ti
-
-
-
-
-
e
e
+

C
V
x
y
z
x
y
z
x
y
z
-
-
-
-
-
Khi anten pht Khi anten thu
Sng ti
-
-
-
-
-
e
e
+

C
V
I
I
V
+++++++
- - - - - - -
ant
p
r
wave
p
r
2
ant wave
p p PLF
r r
=
2
, cos
ant wave
p p PLF
r r
=
Tn hao phn cc (20/2)
2
ant wave
p p PLF
r r
=
[ ]
2
log 10
ant wave dB
p p PLF
r r
=
PLF tiu biu
-3 dB -3 dB 0 dB - dB
Vertical
0 dB - dB -3 dB -3 dB
LHCP
- dB 0 dB -3 dB -3 dB
RHCP
-3 dB -3 dB - dB 0 dB
Horizontal
LHCP RHCP Vertical Horizontal
( )
( )
max
,
,
U
U
U
n

=
( )
( )
( ) ,
max
n n
U
W
r W
r W = =
r
r
z
x

th bc x
th bc x

V trong cc mt phng
y

Mt phng yOz

2
sin
2
, =

n
U
y

z
x

=
( )
2
sin , =
n
U
V trong cc mt phng

z
Mt phng xOy
1 ,
2
=

n
U
x

=
( )
2
sin , =
n
U
( )
( )
( ) r E
r E
r E
n
r
r
r
max
=
( )
( )
( )


,
,
,
max
F
F
F
n
=
( ) ( ) ,
2
n n
U r E =
r
V d v th bc x
3 cos cos ,
2 2
=
n
U
0
60 = BWFN
0
74 . 28 = BWFN
V d v th bc x
( ) 2 , sin =
( ) 2 , sin
2
=

0
0
L
( ) ( ) ( )
2
0
sin sin , B U =
Gc gi tr khng u tin; BWFN
1
BWFN
Gc na cng sut, HPBW
1
HPBW
2
2
2
2
5 . 0
707 . 0
Cc dng th bc x
HPBW HPBW
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
th bc x cng in trng th bc x cng sut
( ) r E
n
r
r
( )
2
r E
n
r
r
( ) ,
n
U
( ) r W
n
r
HPBW-Power pattern (in dB)
BWFN
dB 0
dB 3
dB 3 dB 3
10
20
BWFN
1
707 . 0 707 . 0
5 . 0
5 . 0
5 . 0
707 . 0
SIDE LOPE LEVEL AND FRONT TO BACK RATIO
BWFN
HPBW
Major lobe
Minor lobes
Side lobe
Back lobe
max
max
U
U
SLL
sidelope
=
max
max
backlope
U
U
FBR =
Minor lobes
GC KHI CA ANTEN
TH BC X
CA ANTEN BT K
R
P
max
U
A

( )
max
,
U
d U
A

A R
U P
max
=
max
U
P
R
A
=
li hng tnh v h s nh hng
Directivity
II
U
max
4
r
avgI
P
U =
III
U
max
IV
U
max
IV III II avgI
U U U U
max max max
< < <
r
P
1
2
2
4
5
6
1 2
5 . 1
( ) 1 , = U
( ) ( )
2
1
sin 5 . 1 , = U
4 =
R
P
5 . 1
max 1
= U
li hng tnh v h s nh hng
Directivity
1
2
2
4
5
6
1 2
643 . 1
( ) 1 , = U
( )
( )
( )
2
2
sin
cos
2
cos
643 . 1 ,

U
4 =
R
P
643 . 1
max 2
= U
li hng tnh v h s nh hng
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 2
3
( ) 1 , = U
( ) ( )
2
3
cos 3 , = U
4 =
R
P
3
max 3
= U
li hng tnh v h s nh hng
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 2
6
( ) 1 , = U
( ) ( )

0
2
0
cos 6 ,
2
4
U
4 =
R
P
6
max 4
= U
li hng tnh v h s nh hng
Directivity
avg
U
U
D
max
0
4
max
0
R
P
U
D
max
U
avg
U
H S NH HNG

4
,
,
R
P
U
D

4
,
,
max
max 0
R
P
U
D D = =
4
max
0
R
P
U
D
max
U
P
R
A

A
D

4
0

HPBW HPBW
A

4 =
R
P
LI ANTEN
GAIN
( )
( )

4
,
,
A
P
U
G =
4
max
0
A
P
U
G =
[ ]
( )
0 0
log 10 G G
dB
=
( )
( )

4
,
,

=
e
P
U
G
R
( ) ( ) , , eD G =

4
,
,
G P
U
A
=
S
Z
R
R
A
jX
S
V
li anten Gain
D
R
A
P
R
P
D
P
S
P
A
R

4
,
,
D P
U
R
=

4
,
,
D eP
U
A
=

4
,
,
eD P
U
A
=
LI ANTEN
GAIN
( )
( )

4
,
,
A
P
U
G =
4
max
0
A
P
U
G =
[ ]
( )
0 0
log 10 G G
dB
=
( )
( )

4
,
,

=
e
P
U
G
R
( ) ( ) , , eD G =

4
,
,
G P
U
A
=
EIRP
( )
( )

4
,
,
G P
U
A
=
0 max
4 G P U
A
=
0 max
4 G P U EIRP
A
= =
c c
U EIRP 4
c
U U
max
W
c
U U
max
c
U U
max
A A
P G U EIRP
0 max
4
A A
P G U EIRP
0 max
4
kW W mW , , L
[ ] [ ] [ ] dBm A dB dBm A
P G EIRP
0
S A
P P
CC ANTEN THU
L
Z
A
R
A
jX
C
V
A
C
L C
R
V
P P
8
2
max
=
L
A L
C
L
R
Z Z
V
P
2
2
1
+
=
CNG SUT THU
C TRN TI
KHI TI PHI HP TR
KHNG VI ANTEN

=
A L
Z Z
L
Z
A
R
A
jX
C
V
A A A L
jX R Z Z = =

A
C
L C
R
V
P P
8
2
max
=
A
R
A
jX
C
V
H s truyn t cng sut
2
4
A L
A L
C
L
r
Z Z
R R
P
P
q
+
= =
A L
A L
Z Z
Z Z
+

=
2
1
r
q

A L
Z Z
C L
P P <
L
Z
A
R
A
jX
C
V
C r L
P q P
wave e C
W A P =
2
2
wave
wave
E
W =
CNG SUT THU
(ti a c th)
MT CNG
SUT TI ANTEN
THU
( ) ( )
2
2
,
4
, ,
wave ant r r r e
p p G p A
r r r
=

DIN TCH HIU
DNG CA
ANTEN THU
[ ]
2
/ m W L
[ ] W L
[ ]
2
m L
Antenna Link
ANTENNA LINKS
) , , , (
t t t S
p q G P
r
) , , , (
r r r L
p q G P
r
( ) ( )
2
2
, ,
4
r t r t r r r t t t S L
p p q q G G P
r
P
r r

S
Z
S
P
A
R
S t A
P q P =
A
jX
ANTENNA LINKS
) , , , (
t t t S
p q G P
r
) , , , (
r r r L
p q G P
S
Z
S
P
A
P
S t A
P q P =
( ) ( )
t t t
A
t t
G
P
U

,
4
, =
( )
t t
U ,
( ) ( )
t t t
S t
t t
G
P q
U

,
4
, =
ANTENNA LINKS
) , , , (
t t t S
p q G P
r
) , , , (
r r r L
p q G P
S
Z
S
P
A
P
S t A
P q P =
( )
t t
U ,
( ) ( )
t t t
S t
t t
G
P q
U

,
4
, =
( )
t
r W
r
r
( )
( )
r
r
U
r W
t t
t

,
2

=
r
r
ANTENNA LINKS
) , , , (
t t t S
p q G P
r
) , , , (
r r r L
p q G P
S
Z
S
P
C
P
i e C
W A P =
( ) ( )
2
2
,
4
, ,
i r r r r e
p p G p A
r r r
=

L
P
A
Z
C
V L
Z
ANTENNA LINKS
) , , , (
t t t S
p q G P
r
) , , , (
r r r L
p q G P
S
Z
S
P
L
P
A
Z
C
V L
Z
( )
2
2
,
4
i r r r r i C
p p G W P
r r
=

ANTENNA LINKS
) , , , (
t t t S
p q G P
r
) , , , (
r r r L
p q G P
S
Z
S
P
L
P
A
Z
C
V L
Z
( )
2
2
,
4
i r r r r i C
p p G W P
r r
=

( )
2
2
,
4
i r r r r i C
p p G W P
r r
=

( ) ( )
t t t
S t
t t
G
P q
U

,
4
, =
( )
( )
r
r
U
r W
t t
t

,
2

=
r
r
( ) ( )
2
2
2
,
4
,
4
i r r r r t t t
S t
C
p p G G
r
P q
P
r r
=

C r L
P q P =
ANTENNA LINKS
) , , , (
t t t S
p q G P
r
) , , , (
r r r L
p q G P
( ) ( )
2
2
, ,
4
r t r t r r r t t t S L
p p q q G G P
r
P
r r

S
Z
S
P
C r L
P q P =
L
P
A
Z
C
V L
Z
C r L
P q P =
( )
2
2
,
4
i r r r r i C
p p G W P
r r
=

( ) ( )
t t t
S t
t t
G
P q
U

,
4
, =
( )
( )
r
r
U
r W
t t
t

,
2

=
r
r
( ) ( )
2
2
, ,
4
r t r t r r r t t t S L
p p q q G G P
r
P
r r

R
R
A
jX
A
I
D
R
A
P
A
R
A
P
A
Z
C
V
L
Z
Cng thc Friis
2
2
, ,
4
r t r t r r r t t t S
p p q q G G P
r
P
L
r r

( ) ( ) ( )

=
2
2
, ,
4
log 10 log 10
r t r t r r r t t t S
p p q q G G P
r
P
L
r r

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
km MHz r t r t dB r r r
dB
t t t S L
r f p p q q G G P P
dB dB dBm dBm
log 20 log 20 44 . 32 log 20 , , + + + + + + + =
r r

( ) ( )

2
2
, ,
4
log 10 log 10
r t r t r r r t t t
S
p p q q G G
r P
P
L
r r

( ) ( ) [ ]
km MHz
dB
r
dB
t S L
r f G G P P
dBm dBm
log 20 log 20 44 . 32
0 0
+ + + + =
( ) ( )
km MHz
r f FPL log 20 log 20 44 . 32 + + =
[ ] [ ] dB r dB t
q q PLF + + +
( ) ( ) [ ]
km MHz
dB
r
dB
t S L
r f G G P P
dBm dBm
log 20 log 20 44 . 32
0 0
+ + + + =
( ) ( )
km MHz
r f FPL log 20 log 20 44 . 32 + + =
FPL G G P P
dB
r
dB
t S L
dBm dBm
+ + + =
0 0
] [ ] [
0 0
dB r dB t
dB
r
dB
t S L
q q PLF
FPL G G P P
dBm dBm
+ + +
+ + + + =
Radio Basics: Making the Link
Radio Basics: Making the Link
Overview
Overview
Making a link from A to B: a series of gains and
losses
Transmission
Line (Loss)
Radio
(Threshold)
Path
(Loss)
Radio
(Output Power)
Antenna
(Gain)
Antenna
(Gain)
Transmission
Line (Loss)
Module 1: RF Basics