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CHAPTER TWENTY- THREE

23:1
When David was told, "oo!, the Philistines a"e #i$htin$ a$ainst %eilah and a"e lootin$ the
th"eshin$ #loo"s,"
The CEV translates this verse, One day some people told David, the Philistines keep attacking the town of
Keilah and stealing grain from the threshing floor.
%eilah !o"t three miles so"theast of d"llam, close to the Philistine frontier.
th"eshin$ #loo"s Keilah was the center of the grain ind"stry in #"dah, and the Philistines didn$t prod"ce
eno"gh gain to feed themselves, so they had to have other so"rces of grain. The threshing floor is where the
grain was stored. This was possi!ly right after the harvest when the grain is stacked "p.
The Philistines had !een afraid of David since he killed %oliath. &o do"!t they heard of his flight from 'a"l
and his feigned madness, so have !ecome !old against (srael. David$s reversionism had national and
international conse)"ences. The mara"ding !ands of Philistines have gotten !older, attacking at will. This
isn$t the whole Philistine army !"t one of pro!a!ly many raiding parties that raid the land
'a"l is so foc"sed on h"nting David that he is neglecting protecting his co"ntry from the Philistines. 'a"l and
his army sho"ld have !een r"shing to Keilah to attack the Philistines. lesser man than David wo"ld have
!een pleased to let the Philistines attack, there!y ca"sing discontent with king 'a"l.

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he in&'i"ed o# the (RD, sa)in$, "*hall + $o and atta,! these Philistines-"
The (RD answe"ed hi., "/o, atta,! the Philistines and save %eilah0"
*e see David !ack in fellowship. +e seeks the ,ord$s will, and the ,ord promises him victory.
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1't David2s .en said to hi., "He"e in 3'dah we a"e a#"aid0 How .',h .o"e, then, i# we $o to %eilah
a$ainst the Philistine #o",es4"
David is pro!a!ly still in the forest of +ereth. The men say they were afraid in the Cave of d"llam and
afraid in the forest of +ereth where they were relatively sec"re, so they really afraid to fight against the
Philistines. -emem!er, these men for the most part were not professional soldiers. They were de!tors and
men called .!itter of so"l./ There was also a cadre of hard core professional soldiers called the .Thirty/ and
.The Three/. 0 Chron 00100234. ( !elieve that most of his men were afraid !"t not all.
5o",es .ranks,/ men disciplined and organi5ed. -emem!er, the Philistines had a professional, well trained
and e)"ipped army. David$s men are pro!a!ly making too m"ch o"t of the Philistine force. They refer to
them as an army when in reality they are a raiding party.
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(n,e a$ain David in&'i"ed o# the (RD, and the (RD answe"ed hi., "/o down to %eilah, #o" +
a. $oin$ to $ive the Philistines into )o'" hand0"
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*o David and his .en went to %eilah, #o'$ht the
Philistines and ,a""ied o## thei" livesto,!0 He in#li,ted heav) losses on the Philistines and saved the
8eo8le o# %eilah0
0
The ,ord again promised David victory over the Philistines, and this promise reass"red David$s men. %od
gives David the victory, .+e inflicted heavy losses on the Philistines./
,a""ied o## thei" livesto,! *hose livestock6 'ome commentators say its cattle the Philistines took from the
people of Keilah. Others say it was animals the Philistines !ro"ght with them to carry away the pl"nder.
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:Now A;iatha" son o# Ahi.ele,h had ;"o'$ht the e8hod down with hi. when he #led to David at
%eilah0<
The son of himelech saved the priestly garment, the ephod. !iathar !y the grace of %od escaped in order
to perpet"ate the priesthood. !iathar pro!a!ly 7oined David !efore he even resc"ed Keilah.
=
*a'l was told that David had $one to %eilah, and he said, "/od has handed hi. ove" to .e, #o"
David has i.8"isoned hi.sel# ;) ente"in$ a town with $ates and ;a"s0"
David and 'a"l are constantly receiving intelligence reports. 'a"l learns what has happened. +e !elieves
%od has delivered David into his hands. 'a"l is del"sional. +e thinks %od is on his side. +e "ses the generic
word for %od, Elohim and not #ehovah, the %od of (srael.
'a"l didn$t know the ,ord very well. *e wo"ld say he didn$t have any doctrine. This is a false interpretation
of an event.
The city may have had only one gateway in its wall. (t pro!a!ly had two reinforced wooden doors hinged to
posts at the sides of the entrance, meeting in the center, and sec"red with a heavy metal !ar spanning the
entrance hori5ontally.
/od has handed hi. ove" to .e The +e!rew phrase is a very strong one8 literally, .%od hath ignored him,/
hath treated him as a stranger, and so let, him fall .into my hand./ 'a"l$s hands are stained with the !lood of
the priests, !"t he still thinks %od is going to hand over David.
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And *a'l ,alled '8 all his #o",es #o" ;attle, to $o down to %eilah to ;esie$e David and his .en0
Or .'a"l mo!ili5ed his entire army./ The CEV has, .9'a"l: sent messengers who told the towns and villages,
'ent men to serve in 'a"l$s army./ 'a"l is gathering every man he can find to fight against David.
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When David lea"ned that *a'l was 8lottin$ a$ainst hi., he said to A;iatha" the 8"iest, "1"in$ the
e8hod0"
1@
David said, "( (RD, /od o# +s"ael, )o'" se"vant has hea"d de#initel) that *a'l 8lans to
,o.e to %eilah and dest"o) the town on a,,o'nt o# .e0
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Will the ,itiAens o# %eilah s'""ende" .e to
hi.- Will *a'l ,o.e down, as )o'" se"vant has hea"d- ( (RD, /od o# +s"ael, tell )o'" se"vant0"
And the (RD said, "He will0"
When David lea"ned that *a'l was 8lottin$ a$ainst hi. Everyone has spies. 'a"l is plotting against
David and not against the Philistines.
David told !iathar to !ring the ephod so that he might "se the ;rim and Th"mmim to in)"ire of the ,ord.
3
( (RD, /od o# +s"ael This is David$s prayer. The )"estions are not in order in his prayer !"t are in order
when cons"lting the ephod8 the )"estions were of co"rse p"t in their logical se)"ence. David recogni5es the
,ord as the r"ler of (srael, not 'a"l and not himself.
Will the ,itiAens <any translations have, .*ill the leaders./
David asks two )"estions1 will 'a"l !esiege the city6 *ill the leaders of Keilah s"rrender me6 The ,ord
answers the second )"estion. #"st like today, the ,ord doesn$t always give "s an answer right away.
12
A$ain David as!ed, "Will the ,itiAens o# %eilah s'""ende" .e and .) .en to *a'l-"
And the (RD said, "The) will0"
David repeats his first )"estion. David thinks the people of Keilah may give him and his men "p to 'a"l in
order to spare themselves the fate of &o!. *o"ld we do the same thing6 *o"ld yo" sacrifice yo"r life to do
the right thing6
13
*o David and his .en, a;o't siB h'nd"ed in n'.;e", le#t %eilah and !e8t .ovin$ #"o. 8la,e to
8la,e0 When *a'l was told that David had es,a8ed #"o. %eilah, he did not $o the"e0
David leaves Keilah8 he escaped from the city. *ere the leaders right in planning to t"rn David over to 'a"l
to spare their lives6
David$s !and has now increased from =>> to ?>>.
and !e8t .ovin$ #"o. 8la,e to 8la,e ,it. .They wandered a!o"t where they wandered a!o"t. i.e. wherever
they co"ld go witho"t danger./ *e wo"ld say, they played it !y ear. Of co"rse 'a"l knew he co"ld never find
and catch David once David was o"t of his sight, so he called off the chase
16
David sta)ed in the dese"t st"on$holds and in the hills o# the Dese"t o# Ci8h0 Da) a#te" da) *a'l
sea",hed #o" hi., ;'t /od did not $ive David into his hands0
The terrain of the high mo"ntain provided David with a nat"ral fortress .@iph is a!o"t 0A miles 'E of Keilah
Da) a#te" da) *a'l sea",hed #o" hi. DThe p"rs"it was maintained constantly, with men always spying on
David$s movements, and ready to report to 'a"l any opport"nity of sei5ing him./ BP"lpitC
/e"oni.o
%eronimo is another man who el"ded his p"rs"ers !y hiding in mo"ntains. (n the 0DD>$s ;' troops were
h"nting %eronimo in the 'ierra <adre <o"ntains of <eEico. t least 4,>>> white soldiers, one third of the
entire ;' rmy, and 4>> (ndian a"Eiliaries were employed at vario"s times in the capt"re of %eronimoFs
small !and. Even when confronted !y a force of this magnit"de %eronimoFs !and of AD men, women, and
children still el"ded their p"rs"ers for siE months. *hen pache sco"ts finally talked %eronimo into laying
down his g"n in early 'eptem!er 0DD?, the s"rrender was !loodless. One of the techni)"es "sed to find
%eronimo was the "se of mirrors to signal his movements. %eronimo knew the terrain and was a s"per!
leader.
A
lmost immediately %eneral <iles had %eronimoFs !and taken into c"stody along with the pache sco"ts
who had tracked %eronimo down. They were p"t on a train for Glorida. Their destination was Gt <arion, the
old 'panish fortress in 't. "g"stine where the army imprisoned its most dangero"s (ndians. %eronimo spent
the neEt eight years there.
%eronimo was released from prison in 0DH=. +e !ecame a farmer OklahomaFs Gort 'ill. +e 7oined the D"tch
-eformed ch"rch, where he ta"ght '"nday school. ,ater, with government approval, %eronimo spent a year
with a *ild *est show and appeared in Omaha, I"ffalo, &ew Jork, and at the 't. ,o"is *orldFs Gair, where
he made money selling his photographs and !ows and arrows. (n 0H>4 President Theodore -oosevelt invited
%eronimo to *ashington DC to ride in the ina"g"ral parade. %eronimoFs died in 0H>H,
fter the 'elective 'ervice ct was passed in 0H, many &ative mericans 7oined the armed forces. Iy warFs
end, a!o"t 0K,>>> were in "niform, close to A>L of ad"lt (ndian males, do"!le the national average.
Commanding %eneral #ohn #. Pershing a"thori5ed an pache company of sco"ts. 'ome of them were
descendants of warriors Pershing himself had fo"ght on the 'o"thwestern frontier A> years earlier.
Today the pache occ"py reservations in &ew <eEico and ri5ona, with some Chiricah"a, ,ipan, and
Kiowa pache in Oklahoma. (n 0?D> the pache pop"lation was estimated at 4,>>>, in 0HDH it was estimated
at a!o"t A>,>>>, of whom most lived on reservations.
;'t /od did not $ive David into his hands %od is in charge. +ow many times might we say %od didn$t
give "s into the hands of an accident or a disease or some personal tragedy6
17
While David was at Ho"esh in the Dese"t o# Ci8h, he lea"ned that *a'l had ,o.e o't to ta!e his li#e0
19
And *a'l2s son 3onathan went to David at Ho"esh and hel8ed hi. #ind st"en$th in /od0
1=
"Don2t ;e
a#"aid," he said0 "E) #athe" *a'l will not la) a hand on )o'0 Yo' will ;e !in$ ove" +s"ael, and + will ;e
se,ond to )o'0 Even .) #athe" *a'l !nows this0"
he lea"ned that *a'l had ,o.e o't to ta!e his li#e Of co"rse David has known this for a long time. nother
translation is .One day near +oresh he received the news 9intelligence report: that 'a"l was on his way to
@iph to search for him and kill him./ B,iving Ii!leC
David was now a mat"re !eliever doing the *ill of %od, !"t he still needed enco"ragement. #onathan
enco"raged David. Even mat"re !elievers need enco"ragement. David is enco"raged !y the *ord of %od,
.yo" will !e king./ +e didn$t 7"st say over and over, don$t worry everything will !e okay.
.nd we "rge yo", !rethren, admonish the "nr"ly, enco"rage the fainthearted, help the weak, !e patient with
all men B0 Thess 410=C.
#onathan fo"nd David even tho"gh 'a"l co"ldn$t find him. *hy6
hel8ed hi. literally, strengthened the hand of David
#onathan said, Yo' will ;e !in$ ove" +s"ael, and + will ;e se,ond to )o'0 Even .) #athe" *a'l !nows
this0" (n the +e!rew the .yo"/ is emphatic. 'a"l knew it was %od$s *ill for David to !e king. nd he
knows his son will give "p the throne to David. +ow del"sional to think he can fight against %od.
(f #onathan had a flaw, it was his loyalty to his father. #onathan wo"ld have !een the perfect assistant to
David if he had disassociated himself with his father. (f #onathan had lived, a civil war might have !een
averted. #onathan had mistaken loyalty to his father and sho"ld have stayed with David. BThiemeC 'ometimes
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!elievers have to separate from their family or friends and have little or nothing to do with them. (f others are
p"lling yo" down, it$s !etter to separate from them.
.,ike apples of gold in settings of silver (s a word spoken in right circ"mstances./ BProv 34100C.
,ike cold water to a weary so"l, 'o is good news from a distant land BProv 34134C.
1>
The two o# the. .ade a ,ovenant ;e#o"e the (RD0 Then 3onathan went ho.e, ;'t David
"e.ained at Ho"esh0
This is the last recorded meeting !etween David and #onathan. They made fresh promises to each other.
1?
The F*o.eG Ci8hites went '8 to *a'l at /i;eah and said, "+s not David hidin$ a.on$ 's in the
st"on$holds at Ho"esh, on the hill o# Ha!ilah, so'th o# 3eshi.on-
2@
Now, ( !in$, ,o.e down
wheneve" it 8leases )o' to do so, and we will ;e "es8onsi;le #o" handin$ hi. ove" to the !in$0"
David$s location is known to the @iphites, who live in the wilderness of @ip and the town of @ip. The
@iphites live to the west of the Dead 'ea, right in the heart of #"dah. They are mem!ers of the same tri!e as
David. Jo" wo"ld think they wo"ld !e on his side, !"t all the fields and vineyards and command of
tho"sands and h"ndreds are going to the Ien7amites. ,ike the Keilahites, the @iphites want a share of the
spoil, and %od has delivered into their hands David, the very thing they need to gain all they want the most.
They are more treachero"s than the Keilahites.
%i!eah is 'a"l$s home town.
21
*a'l "e8lied, "The (RD ;less )o' #o" )o'" ,on,e"n #o" .e0
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/o and .a!e #'"the" 8"e8a"ation0
5ind o't whe"e David 's'all) $oes and who has seen hi. the"e0 The) tell .e he is ve") ,"a#t)0
23
5ind
o't a;o't all the hidin$ 8la,es he 'ses and ,o.e ;a,! to .e with de#inite in#o".ation0 Then + will $o
with )o'H i# he is in the a"ea, + will t"a,! hi. down a.on$ all the ,lans o# 3'dah0"
'a"l feels sorry for himself. The &(V has .!less yo" for yo"r concern for me./ Other translations have .!less
yo" for yo"r pity for me./ 'a"l is f"ll of self2pity. This is the height of !lasphemy for 'a"l to say, .The ,ord
!less yo"./ This is the tr"e meaning of taking the ,ord$s name in vain.
'a"l goes on to tell them to confirm the report of David, to send o"t a patrol to track him down.
23 Dis,ove" his hidin$ 8la,es, and ,o.e ;a,! with a .o"e de#inite "e8o"t0 Then +2ll $o with )o'0 And i#
he is in the a"ea at all, +2ll t"a,! hi. down, even i# + have to sea",h eve") hidin$ 8la,e in 3'dah4" B&ew
,iving TranslationC
'a"l has learned that it$s f"tile to chase David all over the co"ntry. +e$s not going to move witho"t definite
information.
'a"l calls David .crafty/ which is the same word fo"nd in %enesis to refer to the serpent, 'atan. 'a"l sees
David as !eing 'atan or 'atanic.
26
*o the) set o't and went to Ci8h ahead o# *a'l0 Now David and his .en we"e in the Dese"t o# Eaon,
in the A"a;ah so'th o# 3eshi.on0
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*a'l and his .en ;e$an the sea",h, and when David was told
4
a;o't it, he went down to the "o,! and sta)ed in the Dese"t o# Eaon0 When *a'l hea"d this, he went
into the Dese"t o# Eaon in 8'"s'it o# David0
'a"l was h"nting David !ased on the information provided !y the @iphites.
29
*a'l was $oin$ alon$ one side o# the .o'ntain, and David and his .en we"e on the othe" side,
h'"")in$ to $et awa) #"o. *a'l0 As *a'l and his #o",es we"e ,losin$ in on David and his .en to
,a8t'"e the.,
2=
a .essen$e" ,a.e to *a'l, sa)in$, "Co.e &'i,!l)4 The Philistines a"e "aidin$ the
land0"
h'"")in$ to $et awa) #"o. *a'l The word .h"rrying/ eEpresses anEiety and fear. David knows he$s in a
!ad position. 'ome translations have, .David was in anEio"s flight to escape 'a"l./
They were racing to a path in the mo"ntain and 'a"l was winning the race.
They seem to !e a!le to see each other.
'a"l was pro!a!ly planning on dividing his men and trapping David.
2>
Then *a'l ;"o!e o## his 8'"s'it o# David and went to .eet the Philistines0 That is wh) the) ,all this
8la,e *ela Ha..ahle!oth0
($m s"re 'a"l very rel"ctantly !roke off his chase of David. +e still has some sense a!o"t him. +e can still
repent if he wishes.
*ela Ha..ahle!oth the <o"ntain of escape. This was an escape !y the grace of %od. <ay!e David was
thinking a little too highly of himself. <ay!e he needed a reminder that the ,ord was delivering him from
'a"l. *e$d call this a close call. The close calls in o"r lives are reminders of the %race of %od.
%od "sed David$s !itter enemies to deliver him.

2?
And David went '8 #"o. the"e and lived in the st"on$holds o# En /edi0
David lived in the nat"ral fortifications of the mo"ntains. 'ee Psa =>. David$s family is with him. (22:3-4)
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