Rev. de Psicol. Gral y Aplic.,

, 57

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<

>

Tabla 1. Personalidad depresiva relacionada con el sexo, la edad, la estructura familiar y la

poblacin
VARIABLES
DESCRIPTIVAS
Sexo
Varn
Mujer
Edad
12 aos
13 aos
14 aos
15 aos o ms
Estructura familiar
Familia completa
Monoparental
Poblacin
Gran ciudad
Mediana ciudad
Ciudad Perifrica
Rural en transicin
Centro
Curso
Clase social
Lugar que ocupa entre
hermanos
?

&

&

&

"

"

"

'

"

&

&

"

>

3,186
4,139

2, 391

,002

2,000

,012

1,928

,016

2,518

,001

ns
ns
ns
ns

ns
ns
ns
ns

3,583
4,246
4,340
4,184
3,184
2,968
ns
ns
ns
ns

3,362
3,225
4,201
3,925

"

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&

estructura familiar
!

"

'

&

"

"

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'

edad

"

&

"

'

'

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"

'

'

&

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"

"

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'

&

&

PUNTUACIN
MEDIA CDI - S

&

"

&

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&

poblacin

&

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"

'

'

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estructura familiar,

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'

M Victoria del Barrio, M Victoria Mestre, Ana M Tur y Paula Samper

12

&

'

et al

et al

et al.

Gran ciudad


"

&

>

"

Mediana ciudad


>

"

<

a posteriori

"

Depresin


Clase Social

&

>

<

>

poblacin

"

Rural en Transicin


modus vivendi

et al.

Ciudades perifricas

"

et al.

La Depresin infanto-juvenil. El efecto de los factores emocionales...

tipo de Centro
hermanos lugar

(CBCL)
(CP).

&

'

'

"

CDI-S
(BFQ)
(IE y AFV)

nmero de

el Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)

CDI-S

"

"

curso

13

Agresividad, Ansiedad Somtica, Delincuencia-no social,

Depresin, Hiperactividad, Obsesivo-compulsivo, Problemas somticos y Retraimiento
CDI-S
Delincuencia


Tabla 2. Correlaciones significativas entre la depresin y la estructura de la personalidad, los

problemas conductuales, la conducta prosocial y la inestabilidad emocional
BFQ
Amistad
CDI-S

ns

CDI-S

<

,170**

,129**

Agresividad

Ansiedad
somtica

Delincuencia

,124**

,114**

,112*

>

>

,173**

,175**

,181**

,204**

'

et al.

et
et al.

Inestabilidad
Apertura, Conciencia Energa
Amistad


Amistad, Apertura, Conciencia, Energa



"

, et al.

Retraimiento

,182**

Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ)

Inestabilidad Emocional (EI)
et al.

Problem
somtico

Obsesivo
compulsiv

Hiperactividad

,255**

,240**

et al
et al

ns

Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)

al.
Conducta Prosocial (CP)
Agresividad Fsica y Verbal
N

,417**

CBCL
Depresin

Delincuencia
no social

AFV

IE

Inestabilidad

,173**

,114**

CP

Conciencia Energa

Apertura

Estabilidad,


M Victoria del Barrio, M Victoria Mestre, Ana M Tur y Paula Samper

14

manifestarn mayor fortaleza ante la emisin de sintomatologa depresiva. Estos resultados

apuntan en la lnea de otros que demuestran el vnculo entre las manifestaciones de sintomatologa
depresiva y neuroticismo. Los sujetos con altas puntuaciones en neuroticismo tienen mayores


et al.
La elevada relacin mostrada en la literatura entre la depresin y el factor de inestabilidad
emocional del BFQ
inestabilidad emocional (EI) o entre depresin y agresividad fsica y verbal (AFV). En ambos casos


"

"

&

"

"

&

'

"

'

"

&

&

y otros trastornos.

DISCUSIN
Los anlisis de varianza realizados con el objeto de estudiar la posible conexin entre la
Depresin
sexo, la edad, la estructura familiar y la poblacin
centro, curso, clase social y fratra o lugar que ocupan entre los hermanos. De entre estas variables
sobresale el sexo, que al igual que ocurre en otras investigaciones son las mujeres las que


'

"

&

'

&

especialmente vulnerables a padecer sntomas depresivos.

En relacin con la estructura familiar


por situaciones difciles no exentas de tensin emocional. Estos contextos son propensos a


estados de alerta y aminorar la atencin de los padres hacia las necesidades del hijo. En ocasiones
se acompaan de reacciones desmesuradas o incontroladas. Semejantes resultados fueron


"

La Depresin infanto-juvenil. El efecto de los factores emocionales...

15

et al.
et al.
et al.
Con respecto al tipo de ciudad
modus vivendi de la gran ciudad comporta
mayores riesgos de sufrir depresiones. Cabe considerar que entre las causas de la depresin


"

&

depresiva depende ms de la interpretacin que los individuos hacen sobre sus autoexpectativas


'

'

"

&

'

et al

"

"

&

la atencin la conexin que se establece entre manifestaciones depresivas y los factores estructurales de la personalidad. En este sentido se constata la relacin significativa con los factores
del BFQ de Apertura, Conciencia Energa y Estabilidad
Amistad. Lo cual es indicador de que la propensin a manifestar sntomas depresivos guarda poca


a travs del factor Amistad del BFQ



Energa

"

"

Por lo que se refiere a la vinculacin entre la depresin y los problemas conductuales

inestabilidad emocional
la conexin entre los problemas conductuales -tanto en su dimensin internalizada como
externalizada- y el riesgo de sufrir depresin. Los trastornos comportamentales se constituyen


"

&

"

Estos resultados toman ms fuerza si atendemos a la conexin entre depresin e inestabilidad emocional (EI), y entre depresin y agresividad fsica y verbal (AFV). La relacin entre


"

puede apuntarse que la estabilidad emocional salvaguarda al individuo ante el surgimiento de



"

la persona depresiva es vulnerable y susceptible de manifestar problemas de interaccin social

de naturaleza comportamental y emocional.
)

"

'

"

otros expuestos anteriormente donde se pone de manifiesto la falta de conexin significativa con
el factor Amistad del BFQ
sujeto a establecer relaciones de empata y para colocarse en el lugar de los otros.
"

M Victoria del Barrio, M Victoria Mestre, Ana M Tur y Paula Samper

16

REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRFICAS

"

&

'

'

Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Nueva York. Freeman and Company.

'

"

'

childhood depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76



for assessing childrens behavioral problems and competencies. International Journal of Mental
Health, 7
Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and revised Child
Behavior Profile
Manual for the Theachers Reports and Theacher
Version of the Child Behavior Profile
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders


"

self-regulatory mechanisms governing transgressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social

Psychology, 80


"

in middle adolescents: an extension of earlier findings. Adolescence 28

(

<

. Family transitions

"

"

emotionality: family antecedents and attachment consequences. Developmental Psychology,

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