Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Peter Keusch
German version
Chemicals:
potassium iodide
iodine
ethanol 95%
2-propanol
acetone
2 N NaOH
Safety glasses, nitrile gloves and effective ventilation required. The 0.2
M iodine solution should be prepared inside a fumehood!
Experimental procedure:
Results:
Discussion:
Reaction mechanism:
The hydrogen atoms on the methyl group are slightly acidic and can be
removed with hydroxide. The carbanion formed then react with iodine
molecules to give a iodide ion and a monoiodonated methyl carbonyl
derivate. Introduction of the first iodine atom (owing to its electronegativity)
makes the remaining hydrogens of the methyl group more acidic. Hence a
base-catalized iodination of a monohalogenated methyl carbonyl derivate
occurs at the carbon that is already substituted. Finally a tri iodo methyl
carbonyl derivate is formed.
The next step is a nucleophilic attack by hydroxide on the carbonyl carbon
atom. A carbon-carbon bond cleavage occurs and a triiodomethanide ion
departs. The triiodomethanide ion is unusually stable. Its negative charge is
dispersed by the three negative iodine atoms. In the last step a proton
transfer takes place between carboxylic acid and triiodomethanide ion to
form ultimately carboxylate ion and iodoform.