Ap Biology Syllabus 2014-2015 - Shhs

AP Biology Syllabus
2014-2015
Teacher: Jean LaFortune
Email: jlafortune@sacredheartkingston.com
AP Biology e!site: htt":##$$$.college!oard.com#student#testing#a"#su!%!io.html
Phone: (781) 585-4662 Ext. 597
AP Biology E&am 'ate (Time: TBA
Course Description:
The AP Biology course is designed to !e the e)ui*alent of a t$o+semester college introductory !iology course
usually taken !y !iology majors during their first year. Primary em"hasis in this course is on de*elo"ing an
understanding of conce"ts rather than on memori,ing terms and technical details. -tudents $ho do $ell on the AP
!iology e&am may )ualify for college credit and#or may !e e&em"t from taking freshman+le*el !iology courses as
"art of a degree in the sciences. C4, C6, C
.oals of the /ourse:
0. To "re"are students for further study in the Biological -ciences.
1. To introduce students to the major conce"ts of !iological science using the 01 la!oratories as a
"ractical reference for understanding. C!
2. To enhance "ro!lem+sol*ing skills of students using hands+on la!s3 readings3 collections3
inde"endent "rojects3 and class discussions.
4. To strengthen students5 communication skills $ith the use of $ritten assignments3 essays3
a!stracts3 and la! re"orts.
6. To increase students5 understanding of e*olution as an underlying foundation for all modern
!iological thought. C5
"#e $%&' B() (D*AS are:
Big (+ea 1: The "rocess of e*olution dri*es the di*ersity and unity of life.
*n+uring &n+erstan+ing
0A: /hange in genetic makeu" of a "o"ulation o*er time is e*olution.
0B: 7rganisms are linked !y lines of descent from common ancestry.
0/: Life continues to e*ol*e $ithin a changing en*ironment.
0': The origin of li*ing systems is e&"lained !y natural "rocesses.
Big (+ea 2: Biological systems utili,e free energy and molecular !uilding !locks to gro$3 to re"roduce and to
maintain dynamic homeostasis.
1A: .ro$th3 re"roduction and maintenance of the organi,ation of the li*ing systems re)uires free
energy and matter.
1B: .ro$th3 re"roduction and dynamic homeostasis re)uire that cells create and maintain internal
en*ironments that are different from their e&ternal en*ironments.
1/: 7rganisms use feed!ack mechanisms to regulate gro$th and re"roduction3 and to maintain
dynamic homeostasis.
1': .ro$th and dynamic homeostasis of a !iological system are influenced !y changes in the
system5s en*ironment.
1E: 8any !iological "rocesses in*ol*ed in gro$th3 re"roduction and dynamic homeostasis include
tem"oral regulation and coordination.
Big (+ea ,: Li*ing systems store3 retrie*e3 transmit and res"ond to information essential to life "rocesses.
2A: 9erita!le information "ro*ides for continuity of life.
2B: E&"ression of genetic information in*ol*es cellular and molecular mechanisms.
2/: The "rocessing of genetic information is im"erfect and is a source of genetic *ariation.
2': /ells communicate !y generating transmitting and recei*ing chemical signals.
2E: Transmission of information results in changes $ithin and !et$een !iological systems.
Big (+ea 4: Biological systems interact3 and these systems and their interactions "ossess com"le& "ro"erties.
4A: :nteractions $ithin !iological systems lead to com"le& "ro"erties.
4B: /om"etition and coo"eration are im"ortant as"ects of !iological systems.
4/: ;aturally occurring di*ersity among and !et$een com"onents $ithin !iological systems affects
interactions $ith the en*ironment.
"e-tboo. / Stu+y 'esources:
--/am"!ell Biology in Focus3 AP Edition $ith -tudent 8edia /'
++6 -TEP- T7 A 6 AP B:7L7.<3 1=04+1=06 E':T:7; Edition: >th
"eac#ing Strategies:
/lass lectures #discussions. /lass time is s"ent on class lectures#discussions. -tudents are
gi*en reading assignments "rior to class and are e&"ected to come to class "re"ared to take
"art in lecture#discussion. All lecture notes are gi*en *ia Po$erPoint and L/' "rojector. The Po$erPoint notes
include *arious gra"hics and hy"erlinks that hel" to "romote !etter conce"tual understanding.
Course Planner
?nit "lans for each unit $ill !e distri!uted at the !eginning of the unit.
Class Sc#e+uling
The AP !iology class $ill !e held one "eriod 8ondays3 Tuesdays3 ednesdays3 Thursdays and Fridays.
)ra+ing
E&ams@................................................................................16A
/umulati*e final ....................................................................06A
Bui,,es...................................................................................06A
9ome$ork@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@..@06A
La!oratory............................................................................. 16A
Attendance@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@6A
0ab Co1ponent
'uring this course $e $ill e&"lore scientific methods and "rocesses together and encourage each other to
think critically a!out ho$ science influences our daily li*es. As such3 $e $ill use scientific methods of in)uiry3 in
"articular designing3 carrying out3 and re"orting a!out e&"eriments3 $hether through conducting designed
e&"eriments in a thoughtful3 reflecti*e mannerC through modifying or e&tending e&isting e&"eriments. 7*er the
course of the year3 you $ill "ose "ro!lems and design e&"erimentsC make "redictions and see them testedC collect
and analy,e dataC and dra$ conclusions that relate to the e&"eriment and the $orld at large. This a""roach $ill
demonstrate that science in*ol*es making and correcting mistakes3 reconfiguring "rocedures3 and identifying and
in*estigating the sources of inaccuracies in data3 as $ell as connecting la! e&"eriences to real+life "ro!lems and
dilemmas.
As sho$n in the follo$ing timeline chart3 out of the 0D= class days3 46 days are de*oted to la! $orkEA16F 2C!34 :n
my o"inion3 it is *ery im"ortant to ha*e sufficient !ackground information in order to design an e&"eriment and
e*aluate its results. That is $ay each la! is done after the related cha"ter is studied. 'uring the la! days3 $e do
re*isions too.
Big i+ea 1: *5olution
BLA-T: -tudents use ;/B: to com"are ';A and "rotein se)uences for organisms to test student+
generated hy"otheses on their relatedness.
Po"ulation .enetics: -tudents learn a!out the 9ardy+ ein!erg la$ of genetic e)uili!rium and study the
relationshi" !et$een e*olution and changes in allele fre)uency !y using your class as a
sam"le "o"ulation.
Big i+ea 2: Cellular Processes6 *nergy an+ 7atter
/ellular Ges"iration: -tudents in*estigate some as"ect of cellular res"iration in organisms.
Photosynthesis: -tudents in*estigate "hotosynthetic rate under a *ariety of student selected conditions.
'iffusion#7smosis: -tudents in*estigate diffusion and osmosis in model systems and in "lant tissue.
Big i+ea ,: )enetics an+ (n8or1ation "rans8er
/ell 'i*ision: 8itosis and 8eiosis. -tudents com"are mitotic rate after e&"osure to lectin or other su!stances
"resumed to affect mitotic rate.
.enetics of 7rganisms: -tudents learn ho$ to collect and mani"ulate fruit flies3 collect data from F0 and F1
generations3 and analy,e the results from a monohy!rid3 dihy!rid3 or se&+linked
cross.
8olecular Biology#Gestriction En,yme Analysis: -tudents in*estigate restriction en,yme analysis.
Big i+ea 4: (nteractions
Animal Beha*ior: -tudents o!ser*e the !eha*ior of an insect and design an e&"eriment to in*estigate its
res"onses to en*ironmental *aria!les. <ou $ill also o!ser*e and in*estigate mating
!eha*ior.
Trans"iration: -tudents in*estigate the mo*ement of $ater through "lants in a model system.
En,yme /atalysis: :n an o"en in)uiry la!3 students $ill in*estigate and )uantify factors that affect
en,yme action.
SP 1 SP 2 SP
3
SP
4
SP
5
SP
6
SP
7
ASSESSMENT
D($$&S(%9 A9D
%S7%S(S
H H H ritten La! Ge"ort. -tudents gra"h collected data
*9:;7* CA"A0;S(S H H H ritten La! Ge"ort. -tudents make a chart using
collected data to sho$ effects of tem"erature and
"9 on en,yme acti*ity. .rou"s of students share
and discuss data.
C*00 D(<(S(%9: 7("%S(S
/ 7*(%S(S
H H H H ritten La! Ge"ort. ?sing colored !eads3 studentsI
grou"s gi*e *isual simulation of the e*ents of
mitosis and meiosis.
P0A9" P()7*9"S /
P=%"%S;9"=*S(S
H H H H H H ritten La! Ge"ort. .ra"hs and discussion.
C*00 '*SP('A"(%9 H H H H H ritten La! Ge"ort. Presentations on la! results
7%0*C&0A' B(%0%); H H Formal la! $riteu". 7ral "resentations
)*9*"(CS %$
%')A9(S7S
H H H ritten La! Ge"ort. /hi+s)uare analysis of data.
B0AS" H H ritten La! Ge"ort. -tudents summari,e and
e*aluate scientific e*idence su""orting !iological
e*olution. -tudents create sim"le cladogram from
"ro*ided data set.
P%P&0A"(%9 )*9*"(CS
/ *<%0&"(%9
H H H ritten La! Ge"ort
"'A9SP('A"(%9 H H H H H La! )uestions and analysis.
A9(7A0 B*=A<(%' H H H H H H ritten la! re"ort. /lass discussion of the different
ty"es of insect mating !eha*iors
D(SS%0<*D %2 /
A>&A"(C P'(7A';
P'%D&C"(<(";
H H H H H H H ritten La! Ge"ort
"i1eline:
7%9"=S DA;S 7A?%' C%9C*P"S
'*AD(9) "*@"B%%A: 9eil
A4 Ca1pbell an+ ?ane B4
'eeceBs Biology - !t# *+ition-
AP e+ition
0ABS / *@A7S
eek 0 :. -tudy of Life
/ha"ters 0 +/once"ts 0.0+0.2

::. 8olecules and /ells E/0F ?nits l and 1

A. /hemistry of Life
/ha"ters 234363D

eek 1
0. ater
/once"ts 2.0+2.2
eek 2 1. 7rganic molecules in
organisms
/once"ts 4.0+4.236.0+6.6

eek 4
2. Free energy changes. /once"ts D.0+D.2
E&am+0
4. En,ymes /once"ts D.4+D.6

eek 4

La! 0 En,yme

/atalysis E6 daysF

B4 Cells CC1D C#apters 6, , 11, 12

eek 6
0. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells /once"ts >.0+>.J3 1J.0+1J.>

1. 8em!ranes
/once"ts >.13 >.43J.0+J.63 00.0+
00.4

eek >

La! 1: 'iffusion and
7smosis E4 daysF

eek J
2. -u!cellular organi,ation /once"ts >.1+>.J

4. /ell cycle and its regulation /once"ts 01.0+01.2

eek D

La!2C 8itosis E4 daysF
E&am+1
C4 Cellular *nergetics CC1D
C#apters !,E,10

eek K
0. /ou"led reactions /once"ts D.23 K.0+K.4

2. Photosynthesis
/once"ts 0=.0+0=.4

eek 0=

La!4C Plant "igments
and

Photosynthesis E4 daysF
eek 00 1. Fermentation and cellular
res"iration
/once"ts K.0+K.> E&am+ 2
eek 01 La!6C /ell Ges"iration
E2 daysF

(((4 =ere+ity an+ *5olution CC2D
&nits ,,4, an+ 5

A4 =ere+ity CC2D C#apters 1,-15
eek 02 03 8eiosis and gametogenesis /once"ts 02.0+02.4

eek 04 La!2C 8eiosis E2
daysF
eek 06 1. Eukaryotic chromosomes
2. :nheritance "atterns
/once"ts 06.0+06.230>.2
/once"ts 04.0+
04.4306.1+06.6
E&am+4
eek 0> La!JC .enetics of
7rganisms E2 daysF
B4 7olecular )enetics CC2D C#apters 16-20
eek 0J 0. G;A and ';A structure
and function
/once"ts 0>.0+
0>.130J.0+0J.4

1. .ene regulation /once"ts 0D.0+0D.6
2. 8utation /once"ts
06.430J.630D.6310.6

eek 0D 4. Liral structure and
re"lication
6. ;ucleic acid technology and
a""lications
/once"ts 0K.0+0K.2
/once"ts 1=.0+
1=.4310.0+10.1
E&am+6
eek 0K La! >C 8olecular
Biology E4 daysF

C4 *5olutionary Biology
CC2D
C#apters 22-26
eek 1= 0. Early e*olution of life /once"ts 16.0+16.4 La! DC /om"aring
';A -e)uences to
?nderstand
E*olutionary
Gelationshi" $ith
BLA-T
eek 10 1. E*idence for e*olution /once"ts 11.1+
11.2314.1+14.4316.1+
16.631>.4+1>.6

2. 8echanisms of e*olution /once"ts 11.0+
11.2312.0+12.4314.0+
14.4316.4+16.63 1>.431>.>
E&am+>
eek 11 La! KC Po"ulation
.enetics E2 daysF
(<4 %rganis1s an+
Populations
&nits 4,5,6,, an+ !
A4 Di5ersity o8 %rganis1s CC2D C#apters 25-,4
eek 12 0. E*olutionary "atterns /once"ts 1>.031>.231K.0+
1K.1321.0+21.4

7%9"=S
DA;S
7A?%' C%9C*P"S '*AD(9)
"*@"B%%A: 9eil A4
Ca1pbell an+ ?ane B4
'eeceBs Biology -!t# *+ition-
AP e+ition
0ABS/*@A7S

eek 14 1. -ur*ey of the di*ersity of life /once"ts 1J.0+ 1J.431D.0+
1D.>31K.1+1K.232=.0+2=.23

eek 16 20.0+20.4321.0321.43 22.0+
22.6324.0+24.D

eek 1> 2. Phylogenetic classification /once"ts 1>.0+
1>.231>.>31J.431D.031K.0+
1K.23

eek 1J 2=.1+2=.2320.2+20.4321.4322.0+
22.6324.0+24.D

eek 1D 4. E*olutionary relationshi"s /once"ts 1>.031>.> E&am+ J
B4 Structure an+ $unction o8
Plants an+ Ani1als CC,D
C#apters 2E,,0,,5-
,E,40-51

eek 1K 0. Ge"roduction3 gro$th3 and
de*elo"ment E"lantsF
/once"ts 1K.1+
1K.232=.0+2=.2326.0+
26.632D.0+2D.1

eek 2= 1. Ge"roduction3 gro$th3 and
de*elo"ment EanimalsF
/once"ts 4>.0+
4>.>34J.0+4J.2
E&am+D
eek 20 2. -tructural3 "hysiological3
and !eha*ioral ada"tations
E"lantsF
/once"ts 1K.0+
1K.232=.0+2=.2326.0+
26.132>.0+2>.>3
2J.0+2J.232D.0+
2D.132K.0+2K.6

La! 0=C
Trans"iration
E2 daysF
eek 21 4. -tructural3 "hysiological3
and !eha*ioral ada"tations
EanimalsF
/once"ts 4=.0+
4=.4340.0+40.6341.0+
41.J342.0+42.23

eek 22 6. Ges"onse to the en*ironment
E"lantsF
44.0+44.>346.0+
46.434>.0+4>.>34D.0+
4D.434K.0+4K.23 6=.6+
6=.>360.0+60.6

eek 24
>. Ges"onse to the en*ironment
EanimalsF

La! 00C Animal
Beha*ior E1 daysF
eek 26

/once"ts 2K.0+2K.6

eek 2>

/once"ts 4=.2342.042.1344.0+
44.1346.146.43 4D.0+
4D.434K.04K.236=.0+6=.4360.0+
60.1

eek 2J

E&am+K

C4 *cology CC,D
C#apters 52-56

eek 2D
0. Po"ulation dynamics /once"ts 62.0+62.>

1. /ommunities and ecosystems
/once"ts 61.2+61.43 64.0+
64.6366.0+66.6
eek 2K

La! 01C 'issol*ed
7&ygen and A)uatic
Primary Producti*ity
E6 daysF
eek 4= 2. .lo!al issues /once"ts 61.0+
61.1362.>366.636>.0+6>.6
E&am+0=

eek 40
'e5ision

eek 41
AP B(%0%); *@A7

AP B(%0%);
*@A7

"otal 1!0 class
+ays 1,5 lecture +ays
45 lab +ays CF25D,
10 e-a1 +ays
&nits o8 (nstruction
&nit 1: Bioc#e1istry an+ (ntro+uction to t#e Cell CC' 2D
Big i+eas: 1, 2, ,, 4
Connecte+ to en+uring un+erstan+ings:
0.' The origin of li*ing systems is e&"lained !y natural "rocesses.
1.A .ro$th3 re"roduction and maintenance of the organi,ation of li*ing systems re)uire free energy and
matter.
1.B .ro$th3 re"roduction and dynamic homeostasis re)uire that cells create and maintain internal
en*ironments that are different from their e&ternal en*ironments.
2.A 9erita!le information "ro*ides for continuity of life.
4.A :nteractions $ithin !iological systems lead to com"le& "ro"erties.
4.B /om"etition and coo"eration are im"ortant as"ects of !iological systems.
4./ ;aturally occurring di*ersity among and !et$een com"onents $ithin !iological systems affects
C#apters 'ea+ings
0. -tudy of Life
1. /hemistry of Life
2. ater
4. /ar!on and the 8olecular 'i*ersity of Life
6. The -tructure and Function of Large Biological 8olecules
>. A Tour of the /ell
J. 8em!rane -tructure and Function
&nit "opics
0. The im"act of car!on as the M!ack!one of lifeN
1. 9o$ monomers !uild "olymers3 including the roles of nucleic acids
2. E&am"les of organelles that are mem!rane !ound to com"artmentali,e their functions
4. 8em!rane structure and function
Acti5itiesG0abs:
O Build 8acromolecules E/G 2! and /G 4!F
O /ell -i,e La!
O La!: 7smosis and 'iffusion E/G 2!3 /G > and /G DF
O La!: En,ymes
O Biochemistry Bui,
O /ell Bui,
O ?nit 1 E&am
&nit 2: Cellular *nergy an+ 'elate+ Processes CC' 2D
Big i+eas: 1, 2, 4
0.A /hange in the genetic makeu" of a "o"ulation o*er time is e*olution.
1.B .ro$th3 re"roduction and maintenance of the organi,ation of li*ing systems re)uire free energy and
matter.
4.B /om"etition and coo"eration are im"ortant !iological systems.
C#apters:
D. An :ntroduction to 8eta!olism
K. /ellular Ges"iration
0=. Photosynthesis
?nit To"ics
0. 8eta!olic "ath$ays
1. La$s of Energy Transformation
2. 9o$ ATP "o$ers cellular $ork
4. En,yme structure and function
6. 9ar*esting chemical energy: glycolysis3 citric acid cycle3 o&idati*e "hos"horylation
>. Light reactions and the /al*in cycle
J. E*olution of alternati*e mechanism of car!on fi&ation
Acti5ities an+ Assess1ents
O /ha"ter Geadings
O T9E EL7L?T:7; 7F T9E /ELL: Phtt":##learn.genetics.utah.eduQ The endosym!iotic theory e&"lains
ho$ relati*es of ancient !acteria ended u" in modern+day cells. A $hole class discussion is used to
analy,e the endosym!iotic theory3 encouraging students to )uestion ho$ "rokaryotes can carry on energy
transfer "rocesses $ithout true mem!rane !ound organelles. -tudents are gi*en 6 minutes to $rite a
conclusion to the discussion on a "ost+it note for "osting on their $ay out of class. E-P 23 >F E/G2!
/G4!F
O La!: Photosynthesis E/G > and /G DF
O La!: /ell Ges"iration
O Photosynthesis )ui,
O /ell res"iration )ui,
O /ell Energy E&am
&nit ,: Cell Co11unication an+ t#e Cell Cycle CC' 2D
Big i+eas: 1, 2, ,
1.E 8any !iological "rocesses in*ol*ed in gro$th3 re"roduction and dynamic homeostasis include
tem"oral regulation and coordination
2.A 9erita!le information "ro*ides for continuity of life
2.B E&"ression of genetic information in*ol*es cellular and molecular mechanisms.
2.' /ells communicate !y generating3 transmitting and recei*ing chemical signals.
C#apters:
00. /ell /ommunication
01. The /ell /ycle
&nit "opics
0. E*olution of cell signaling
1. Gece"tion3 transduction3 res"onse
2. A"o"tosis
4. 9o$ mitosis "roduces genetically identical daughter cells
6. E*olution of 8itosis
>. 9o$ the eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated !y a molecular control system
J. 7rigin of cell communication
O /ha"ter Geadings
O 8odeling the /ell /ycle E/G 4!F
O Path$ays $ith Friends: Phtt":##learn.genetics.utah.eduQ 'irected !y instructional cards3 students
kinesthetically model cell communication !y acting as com"onents in a cell signaling. hole class
discussion follo$s3 assessing student understanding of cell communication. Animations of /ell /ommunication3
An E&am"le of /ell /ommunication3 The Fight or Flight Ges"onse3 9o$ /ells /ommunicate during the Fight or
Flight Ges"onse EThese animations "ro*ide students $ith a model e&am"le of the conce"ts in*ol*ed in cell
signalingF. E-P 0F R/G4cS
O La!: 8itosis E/G > and /G DF
O 8itosis )ui,
O ?nit 4 E&am
&nit 4: )enetic Basis o8 0i8e CC' 2D
Big i+eas: 1, ,, 4
2./ The "rocessing of genetic information is im"erfect and is a source of genetic *ariation.
C#apters:
02. 8eiosis and -e&ual Life /ycles
04. 8endel and the .ene :dea
06. The /hromosomal Basis of :nheritance
&nit "opics
0. .enes are "assed from "arents to offs"ring !y the inheritance of chromosomes
1. 9o$ meiosis reduces the num!er of chromosomes Edi"loid to ha"loidF
2. E*olutionary significance of genetic *ariation that results from se&ual life cycles
4. /once"ts of 8endelian genetics Ela$s of "ro!a!ility3 inheritance "atternsF
6. .enes are located along chromosomes Econce"ts of gene linkage3 ma""ing distance !et$een genes3
causes of genetic disordersF
O /ha"ter Geadings
O /hi -)uare and 8 (85s E/G 4cF
O 8odeling 8eiosis
O La!: 8eiosis
O 8eiosis )ui,
O .enetics Bui,
O .enetics e&am
&nit 5: )ene Acti5ity an+ Biotec#nology CC' 2D
Big i+eas: 1, 2, ,, 4
0.A /hange in the genetic makeu" of a "o"ulation o*er time is e*olution
1./ 7rganisms use feed!ack mechanisms to regulate gro$th and re"roduction3 and to maintain
dynamic homeostasis.
2.B E&"ression of genetic information in*ol*es cellular and molecular mechanisms.
C#apters:
0>. The 8olecular Basis of :nheritance
0J. From .ene to Protein
0D. Gegulation of .ene E&"ression
0K. Liruses
1=. Biotechnology
10. .enomes and their E*olution
&nit "opics
0. ';A is the genetic material Ehistorical e&"eriments3 ';A structure and function3 ';A re"licationF
1. Flo$ of genetic information Egenetic code3 role of other "olymers3 transcri"tion3 translationF
2. 8utations
4. .ene e&"ression Eo"eron systems in "rokaryotes3 eukaryotic gene e&"ressionF
6. Lirus structure and acti*ity
>. Gestriction en,ymes3 "lasmids3 transformation
J. ';A technology Eho$ gel electro"horesis $orks and a""lications of this technologyF
Acti5ities:
O /ha"ter Geadings
O 8odeling Transcri"tion and Translation E/G 4cF
O ';A )ui,
O Protein synthesis )ui,
O E&am
&nit 6: *5olution an+ P#ylogeny CC' 2D
Big i+eas: 1, ,, 4
0.B 7rganisms are linked !y lines of descent from common ancestry.
0./ Life continues to e*ol*e $ithin a changing en*ironment.
C#apters:
11. 'escent $ith 8odification: A 'ar$inian Lie$ of Life
12. The E*olution of Po"ulations
14. The 7rigin of -"ecies
16. The 9istory of Life on Earth
1>. Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
1J. Bacteria and Archae
&nit "opics:
0. 9o$ natural selection ser*es as a mechanism for e*olution
1. -cientific e*idence su""orting e*olution
2. 9ardy+ein!erg conce"t
4. 9o$ allele fre)uencies can !e altered in a "o"ulation
6. /once"ts of s"eciation
>. 7rigin of LifeC Fossil Gecords
J. E*ents in the Mhistory of lifeN Eorigin of single+celled and multicellular
organismsC mass e&tinctionsC ada"ti*e radiationsF
O /ha"ter Geadings
O 8o*ie3 Mhat 'ar$in ;e*er Tne$N and class discussion E/G 2c3 /G4a3 /G 6F
O /ladogram Analysis E/G 4a and /G 4dF
O La! 0: Artificial -election
O La! 1: 9ardy+ein!erg
O E*olution )ui,
O Po"ulation genetics )ui,
O E&am
&nit Di5ersity in t#e Biological Horl+: %rganis1 $or1 an+ $unction CC' 2D
Big i+eas: 1, 2, ,, 4
0.B 7rganisms are linked !y lines of descent from common ancestry.
matter.
1./ 7rganisms use feed!ack mechanisms to regulate gro$th and re"roduction3 and to maintain dynamic
homeostasis.
1.' .ro$th and dynamic homeostasis of a !iological system are influenced !y changes in the system5s
en*ironment.
2.E Transmission of information results in changes $ithin and !et$een !iological systems.
C#apters:
4=. Basic Princi"les of Animal Form and Function
42. The :mmune -ystem
4D. ;eurons3 -yna"ses3 and -ignaling
4K.1 The Lerte!rate Brain E/ha"ters 1D+4K $ill !e utili,ed to "ro*ide students $ith resources for the
enduring understandings in this unitF
&nit "opics:
0. E*olutionary Trends
1. ?ni)ue features of the angios"erm life cycles
2. -ignal transduction "ath$ays E"lant and animal hormonesF
4. Photo"eriodism in "lants
6. Feed!ack control loo"s in animals
>. Thermoregulation in animals
J. Energy allocation and use in animals
D. E&am"les of functioning units in mammal systems Eal*eoli in lungs3 *illi of small intestines3 ne"hrons in
kidneysF
K. -tructure and function in immune systems
0=. -tructure and function in ner*ous systems Eneurons3 resting "otential3 action "otential3 syna"sesF
00. -tructure and function of the human !rain
O /ha"ter Geadings
O Trans"iration La!
O La!: Physiology of the /irculatory -ystem la!.
O hat affects urine "roduction P$$$.cam"!ell!iology.comQ3 /ha"ter 44. Through animation3 students
e&"lore the role of a solute gradient on ma&imum urine "roduction. ;e&t3 they e&"lore the effect of
hormones on urine "roduction. Animated e&"eriments are run and data is collected. -tudents analy,e the
outcomes of the e&"eriments. E-P 03 63 JF E/G 4aF
O Gesearch: /an stem cell+!ased thera"y !e used in !rain and s"inal cord injuriesU -tudents $ill "re"are
"resentations of their findings and res"onses to )uestions such as: -hould em!ryonic stem cell research
continue to !e "ermittedU -hould it !e su""orted !y go*ernment fundingU 'o the origins of em!ryonic
stem cell lines make a differenceU E-P 2F E/G4c and /G6F
O Plant form and function Bui,
O Animal form and function Bui,
&nit !: *cology CC' 2D
Big i+eas: 1, 2, ,, 4
0./ Life continues to e*ol*e $ithin a changing en*ironment.
matter.
1./ 7rganisms use feed!ack mechanisms to regulate gro$th3 re"roduction and dynamic homeostasis.
1.' .ro$th and dynamic homeostasis of a !iological system are influenced !y changes in the system5s
en*ironment.
2.E Transmission of information results in changes $ithin and !et$een !iological systems.
C#apter 'ea+ings
60. Animal Beha*ior
61.1. :nteractions !et$een organisms and the en*ironment limit the distri!ution of s"ecies.
62. Po"ulation Ecology
64. /ommunity Ecology
66. Ecosystems
6>. /onser*ation Biology and .lo!al /hange
&nit "opics
0. As"ects of animal !eha*ior
1. As"ects of !iomes
2. 8odels descri!ing "o"ulation gro$th
4. Gegulation of "o"ulation gro$th
6. /ommunity interactions
>. -"ecies di*ersity and com"osition
J. /ommunity !iodi*ersity
D. Energy flo$ and chemical cycling in ecosystems
K. Primary "roducti*ity
0=. Energy transfer !et$een tro"hic le*els
00. 9uman acti*ities that threaten !iodi*ersity
O /ha"ter Geadings
O Personal Project: 8y Foot"rint Assignment E/G 6F
O Big :deas Posters
O La!: 'issol*ed 7&ygen and A)uatic Primary Producti*ity E/G 2! and /G 2dF
O Ecology )ui,
O Ecology E&am
0abs: C4, C!
-tudents are re)uired to com"lete t$el*e E01F la!s set forth !y The /ollege Board Ad*anced Placement Program.
-tudents are e&"ected to read each la! carefully !efore coming to the la!oratory and are res"onsi!le for follo$ing
all correct la!oratory and safety "rocedures. :n order to make sure that they understand all la! "rocedures !efore
!eginning a la! e&ercise students should also use the la! aid3 La!Bench
Eht t ": # #$$ $ ." hsch o ol.com#s c ien ce #! i o l o g y % " la ce #l a !! e n c h# i nd e & .ht m l F
0AB%'A"%'; 14 D($$&S(%9 A9D %S7%S(S
7LEGL:E
:n this la!oratory you $ill in*estigate the "rocess of diffusion and osmosis in a model of a mem!rane system. <ou
also $ill in*estigate the effect of solute concentration on $ater "otential as it relates to li*ing "lant tissues.
7BJE/T:LE-
-ection A: Before doing this la!oratory you should understand:
V the mechanisms of diffusion and osmosis and their im"ortance to cells
V the effects of solute si,e and concentration gradients on diffusion across
selecti*ely "ermea!le mem!ranes
V the effects of a selecti*ely "ermea!le mem!rane on diffusion and osmosis !et$een t$o
solutions se"arated !y the mem!rane
V the conce"t of $ater "otential
V the relationshi" !et$een solute concentration and "ressure and the $ater "otential of a solution
V the conce"t of molarity and its relationshi" to osmotic concentration
-ection B: After doing this la!oratory you should !e a!le to:
V measure the $ater "otential of a solution in a controlled e&"eriment
V determine the osmotic concentration of li*ing tissue or an unkno$n solution from
e&"erimental data
V descri!e the effects of $ater gain or loss in animal and "lant cells
V relate osmotic "otential to solute concentration and $ater "otential
0AB%'A"%'; 24 *9:;7* CA"A0;S(S
7LEGL:E
:n this la!oratory you $ill measure the amount of "roduct generated and then calculate the rate of
con*ersion of hydrogen "ero&ide E9171F to $ater and o&ygen gas !y the en,yme catalase.
7BJE/T:LE-
V the general functions and acti*ities of en,ymes
V the relationshi" !et$een the structure and function of en,ymes
V the conce"ts of initial reaction rates of en,ymes
V ho$ the conce"t of free energy relates to en,yme acti*ity
V ho$ "9 relates to en,yme acti*ity that changes in tem"erature3 "93 en,yme concentration3 and
su!strate concentration can affect the initial reaction rates of en,yme+cataly,ed reactions
V measure the effects of changes of tem"erature3 "93 en,yme concentration3 and
su!strate concentration on reaction rates of an en,yme+cataly,ed reaction in a controlled
e&"eriment
V e&"lain ho$ en*ironmental factors affect the rate of en,yme+cataly,ed reactions
0AB%'A"%'; ,4 7("%S(S A9D 7*(%S(S
7LEGL:E
E&ercise 2A is a study of mitosis. <ou $ill use "re"ared slides of onion root ti"s to study "lant mitosis and to
calculate the relati*e duration of the "hases of mitosis in the meristem of root tissue. Pre"ared slides of the
$hitefish !lastula $ill !e used to study mitosis in animal cells and to com"are animal mitosis and "lant mitosis
E&ercise 2B is a study of meiosis. <ou $ill simulate the stages of meiosis !y using chromosome models. <ou
$ill study the crossing o*er and recom!ination that occurs during meiosis. <ou $ill o!ser*e the arrangements
of ascos"ores in the asci from a cross !et$een $ild ty"e and mutants for tan s"ore coat color in the fungus
Sordaria fimicola. These arrangements $ill !e used to estimate the "ercentage of crossing o*er that occurs
!et$een the centromere and the gene that controls that tan s"ore color.
7BJE/T:LE-
V the key mechanical and genetic differences !et$een meiosis and mitosis
V the e*ents of mitosis in animal and "lant cells
V the e*ents of meiosis EgametogenesisF in animal and "lant cells
V recogni,e the stages of mitosis in a "lant or animal cell
V calculate the relati*e duration of the cell cycle stages
V descri!e ho$ inde"endent assortment and crossing o*er can generate genetic *ariation
among the "roducts of meiosis
V use chromosome models to demonstrate the acti*ity of chromosomes during 8eiosis : and
8eiosis ::
V relate chromosome acti*ity to 8endelian segregation and inde"endent assortment
V calculate the ma" distance of a "articular gene from a chromosomeIs center for !et$een
t$o genes using an organism of your choice in a controlled e&"eriment
V demonstrate the role of meiosis in the formation of gametes using an organism of your choice3
in a controlled e&"eriment
V com"are and contrast the results of meiosis and mitosis in "lant cells
V com"are and contrast the results of meiosis and mitosis in animal cells
0AB%'A"%'; 44 P0A9" P()7*9"S A9D P=%"%S;9"=*S(S
7LEGL:E
:n this la!oratory you $ill se"arate "lant "igments using chromatogra"hy. <ou also $ill measure the rate of
"hotosynthesis in isolated chloro"lasts. The measurement techni)ue in*ol*es the reduction of the dye3 'P:P. The
transfer of electrons during the light de"endent reactions of "hotosynthesis reduces 'P:P and changes its color from
!lue to colorless.
7BJE/T:LE-
V ho$ chromatogra"hy se"arates t$o or more com"ounds that are initially "resent in
a mi&ture
V the "rocess of "hotosynthesis
V the function of "lant "igments
V the relationshi" !et$een light $a*elength or light intensity and "hotosynthetic rate
V se"arate "igments and calculate their GF *alues descri!e a techni)ue to determine
"hotosynthetic rates
V com"are "hot os ynt het i c rat es at di ffer ent t em"er at ur es3 di ff er ent l i ght
i nt ensi t i es 3 and different $a*elengths of light in a controlled e&"eriment
V e&"lain $hy the rate of "hotosynthesis *ary under different en*ironmental conditions
0AB%'A"%'; 54 C*00 '*SP('A"(%9
7LEGL:E
-eeds are li*ing !ut dormant. hen conditions necessary to !egin gro$th are achie*ed3 germination occurs3
cellular reactions are accelerated3 and the rate of res"iration greatly increases. :n this la!oratory you $ill measure
o&ygen consum"tion during res"iration as the change in gas *olume in res"irometers containing either germinating
or non+germinating "eas. :n addition3 you $ill measure the res"iration of these "eas at t$o different
tem"eratures.
7BJE/T:LE-
V ho$ a res"irometer $orks in terms of the gas la$s
V the general "rocess of meta!olism in li*ing organisms
V test the effects of tem"erature on the rate of cell res"iration in ungerminated *ersus
germinated seeds in a controlled e&"eriment
V calculate the rate of cell res"iration from e&"erimental data
V relate gas "roduction to res"iration rate
0AB%'A"%'; 64 7%0*C&0A' B(%0%);
7LEGL:E
:n this la!oratory3 you $ill in*estigate some !asic "rinci"les of genetic engineering. Plasmids containing s"ecific
fragments of foreign ';A $ill !e used to transform Escherichia coli cells3 conferring anti!iotic Eam"icillinF
resistance. Gestriction en,yme digests of "hage lam!da ';A also $ill !e used to demonstrate techni)ues for
se"arating and identifying ';A fragments using gel electro"horesis.
7BJE/T:LE-
V ho$ gel electro"horesis se"arates ';A molecules "resent in a mi&ture
V the "rinci"les of !acterial transformation
V the conditions under $hich cells can !e transformed
V the "rocess of com"etent cell "re"aration
V ho$ a "lasmid can !e engineered to include a "iece of foreign ';A
V ho$ "lasmid *ectors are used to transfer genes
V ho$ anti!iotic resistance is transferred !et$een cells
V ho$ restriction endonucleases function
V the im"ortance of restriction en,ymes to genetic engineering e&"eriments
V use "lasmids as *ectors to transform !acteria $ith a gene for anti!iotic resistance in
a controlled e&"eriment
V demonstrate ho$ restrictions en,ymes are used in genetic engineering
V use electro"horesis to se"arate ';A fragments
V descri!e the !iological "rocess of transformation in !acteria
V calculate transformation efficiency
V !e a!le to use multi"le e&"erimental controls
V design a "rocedure to select "ositi*ely for anti!iotic resistant transformed cells
V determine unkno$n ';A fragment si,es $hen gi*en ';A fragments of kno$n si,e
0AB%'A"%'; 4 )*9*"(CS %$ %')A9(S7S
7LEGL:E
:n this la!oratory3 you $ill use fruit flies to do genetic crosses. <ou $ill learn ho$ to collect and mani"ulate
fruit flies3 collect data from F0 and F1 generations3 and analy,e the results from a monohy!rid3 dihy!rid3 or
se&+linked cross.
7BJE/T:LE-
V chi+s)uare analysis of data
V the life cycle of di"loid organisms useful in genetics studies
V in*estigate the inde"endent assortment of t$o genes and determine $hether the t$o genes are
autosomal or se&+linked using a multi+generation e&"eriment
V analy,e the data from your genetic crosses chi+s)uare analysis techni)ues
0AB%'A"%'; !4 B0AS" AC"(<(";
7LEGL:E
/om"aring ';A -e)uences to ?nderstand E*olutionary Gelationshi" $ith BLA-T
7BJE/T:LE-
+To e*aluate data+!ased e*idence that descri!es e*olutionary changes in the genetic makeu" of a "o"ulation o*er time.
+To e*aluate e*idence "ro*ided !y data from many scientific disci"lines that su""ort !iological e*olution.
+To construct and#or justify mathematical models3 diagrams3 or simulations that re"resent "rocesses of !iological
e*olution.
+To create a "hylogenetic tree or sim"le cladogram that correctly re"resents e*olutionary history and s"eciation from a
"ro*ided data set.
+To construct scientific e&"lanations that use the structures and mechanisms of ';A and G;A to su""ort the claim
that ';A and3 in some cases3 G;A are the "rimary sources of herita!le information.
0AB%'A"%'; E4 P%P&0A"(%9 )*9*"(CS A9D *<%0&"(%9
7LEGL:E
:n this acti*ity3 you $ill learn a!out the 9ardy+ ein!erg la$ of genetic e)uili!rium and study the
relationshi" !et$een e*olution and changes in allele fre)uency !y using your class as a sam"le "o"ulation.
7BJE/T:LE-
V ho$ natural selection can alter allelic fre)uencies in a "o"ulation
V the 9ardy+ein!erg e)uation and its use in determining the fre)uency of alleles in a
"o"ulation
V the effects on the allelic fre)uencies of selection against the homo,ygous recessi*e or
other genoty"es
V calculate the fre)uencies of alleles and genoty"es in the gene "ool of a "o"ulation using the
9ardy ein!erg formula.
V discuss natural selection and other causes of microe*olution as de*iations from the
conditions re)uired to maintain 9ardy+ein!erg e)uili!rium.
0AB%'A"%'; 104 "'A9SP('A"(%9
7LEGL:E
:n this la!oratory3 you $ill a""ly $hat you learned a!out $ater "otential from La!oratory 0 E'iffusion and
7smosisF to the mo*ement of $ater $ithin the "lant. <ou $ill measure trans"iration under different la!oratory
conditions. <ou also $ill study the organi,ation of the "lant stem and leaf as it relates to these "rocesses !y
o!ser*ing sections of tissue.
7BJE/T:LE-
V ho$ $ater mo*es from roots to lea*es in terms of "hysical#chemical "ro"erties of $ater and the
forces "ro*ided !y differences in $ater "otential
V the role of trans"iration in the trans"ort of $ater $ithin a "lant
V the structures used !y "lants to trans"ort $ater and regulate $ater mo*ement
V test the effects of en*ironmental *aria!les on rates of trans"iration using a
controlled e&"eriment
V make thin section of stem3 identify &ylem and "hloem cells3 and relate the function of
these *ascular tissues to the structures of their cells
0AB%'A"%'; 114 A9(7A0 B*=A<(%'
7LEGL:E
:n this la!oratory3 you $ill o!ser*e the !eha*ior of an insect and design an e&"eriment to in*estigate its
res"onses to en*ironmental *aria!les. <ou also $ill o!ser*e and in*estigate mating !eha*ior.
7BJE/T:LE-
V the conce"t of distri!ution of organisms in a resource gradient
V the difference !et$een a kinesis and a ta&is
V measure the effects of en*ironmental *aria!les on ha!itat selection in a controlled
e&"eriment
V descri!e the different ty"es of insect mating !eha*iors
0AB%'A"%'; 124 D(SS%0<*D %@;)*9 A9D A>&A"(C P'(7A'; P'%D&C"(<(";
7LEGL:E
:n E&ercise 01A3 you $ill measure and analy,e the dissol*ed o&ygen concentration in $ater sam"les at *arying
tem"eratures. :n E&ercise 01B3 you $ill measure and analy,e the "rimary "roducti*ity of natural $aters or
la!oratory cultures as a function of light intensity.
7BJE/T:LE-
V the !iological im"ortance of car!on and o&ygen cycling in ecosystems
V ho$ "rimary "roducti*ity relates to the meta!olism of organisms in an ecosystem
V the "hysical and !iological factors that affect the solu!ility of gasses in a)uatic ecosystems
V the relationshi" !et$een dissol*ed o&ygen and the "rocess of "hotosynthesis
and res"iration as they affect "rimary "roducti*ity
V measure "rimary "roducti*ity !ased on changes in dissol*ed o&ygen in a
controlled e&"eriment
V in*estigate the effects of changing light intensity and#or inorganic nutrient concentrations
on "rimary "roducti*ity in a controlled e&"eriment
ABB'*<A"(%9S:
C 1: 8olecules and /ells
C 2: 9eredity and E*olution
C ,: 7rganisms and Po"ulations
C 4: an understanding of science as a "rocess rather than accumulation of facts
C 5: Gecognition of e*olution as the foundation of modern !iological models and thought.
C 6: The integration of the general to"ics of !iology through the eight major themes as s"ecified in the
C : A""lications of !iological kno$ledge and critical thinking to en*ironmental and social concerns
C !: The course includes a la!oratory com"onent that fulfills all of the o!jecti*es of the recommended AP Biology
la!s as listed in the /ourse 'escri"tion. -tudents must s"end a minimum of 16A of instructional time engaged in
hands+on la!oratory $ork

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