Klasifikasi berdasar komposisi mineralogi

Williams, Turner, dan Gilbert (1954)

A. Kelompok Gabro
Indeks warna 40 70 %
Plagioklas lebih basa dari Ab
1
An
1

Mengandung CPX, OPX dan OLV
Alkali felspar dan kuarsa < 10 %
Yang banyak foids disebut gabro alkalin
Nama : gabro, diabas (dolerit) dan basal (dibedakan
berdasar lokasi pembekuan, tekstur dan struktur).
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON MINERALOGY
Mode: % of each
mineral in rock
Must add up to 100%
Quick ID of major
minerals
Choose which
diagram to name your
rock
PHANERITIC ROCK
WITH >10%
FELSIC MINERALS
QAPF diagram
Anorthosite: >90%
plag
Gabbro >35% mafic
mineras
Diorite <35% mafic
minerals

.
Quartz-rich
Granitoid
90 90
60 60
20 20
Alkali Fs.
Quartz Syenite
Quartz
Syenite
Quartz
Monzonite
Quartz
Monzodiorite
Syenite Monzonite Monzodiorite
(Foid)-bearing
Syenite
5
10 35 65
(Foid)-bearing
Monzonite
(Foid)-bearing
Monzodiorite
90
Alkali Fs.
Syenite
(Foid)-bearing
Alkali Fs. Syenite
10
(Foid)
Monzosyenite
(Foid)
Monzodiorite
Qtz. Diorite/
Qtz. Gabbro
5
10
Diorite/Gabbro/
Anorthosite
(Foid)-bearing
Diorite/Gabbro
60
(Foid)olites
Quartzolite
Granite
Grano-
diorite
Q
A
P
F
60
B. Kelompok Ultramafik
Indeks warna > 70 %
Nama : pikrit, peridotit, dunit, piroksenit
Batuan alterasi : serpentinit
C. Kelompok Diorit
Indeks warna < 40 %
SiO
2
52 66 %
Tabel hal. 93
Nama : Diorit, andesit
Batuan alterasi : propilit
Tekstur Alkali
felspar
< 1/3
total
felspar
Alkali
felspar
>1/3 <
2/3 total
felspar
Alkali
felspar
> 2/3
total
felspar
Tipe-tipe
Felspatoid
Butir
halus
Andesit Trasi
andesit
Trasit Ponolit
Butir
kasar
Diorit Monzonit Sienit Felspatoid
al sienit
KELOMPOK DIORIT, MONZONIT & SIENIT

D. Kelompok Granit
Tabel hal 121
Norm Q 10 %
Nama : Dasit, Riolit, Granit, Pegmatit,
Granodiorit, Obsidian, Perlit, Pitchstone
Tekstur Alkali
felspar >
1/8 < 1/3
total
felspar
Alkali
felspar >
1/3 < 2/3
total felspar
Alkali felspar
> 2/3 total
felspar
Butir
halus
Dasit Riodasit Riolit
Butir
kasar
Granodiorit Adamelit Granit
KELOMPOK GRANODIORIT. ADAMELIT & GRANIT

PHANERITIC ROCK
WITH >10%
FELSIC MINERALS
Other names:
Porphyry: porphyritic rock
Aplite: uniformly fine-
granite phaneritic light
colored granite (sugary)
Pegmatite: phaneritic with
highly variable grain size
(can be large)
.
Quartz-rich
Granitoid
90 90
60 60
20 20
Alkali Fs.
Quartz Syenite
Quartz
Syenite
Quartz
Monzonite
Quartz
Monzodiorite
Syenite Monzonite Monzodiorite
(Foid)-bearing
Syenite
5
10 35 65
(Foid)-bearing
Monzonite
(Foid)-bearing
Monzodiorite
90
Alkali Fs.
Syenite
(Foid)-bearing
Alkali Fs. Syenite
10
(Foid)
Monzosyenite
(Foid)
Monzodiorite
Qtz. Diorite/
Qtz. Gabbro
5
10
Diorite/Gabbro/
Anorthosite
(Foid)-bearing
Diorite/Gabbro
60
(Foid)olites
Quartzolite
Granite
Grano-
diorite
Q
A
P
F
60
PHANERITIC MAFIC AND ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS
Plagioclase
Olivine
Pyroxene
G
a
b
b
r
o
T
r
o
c
t
o
l
i
t
e
Olivine
gabbro
Plagioclase-bearing ultramafic rocks
90
(b)
Anorthosite
Olivine
Clinopyroxene
Orthopyroxene
Lherzolite
Websterite
Orthopyroxenite
Clinopyroxenite
Olivine Websterite
Peridotites
Pyroxenites
90
40
10
10
Dunite
(c)
CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
Mafic rocks: plag,
pyroxene, olivine
Norite: gabbro with
more opx than cpx
Top and bottom fields
at 10% tick marks
Side fields at 5% tick
marks
Plagioclase
Olivine
Pyroxene
G
a
b
b
r
o
T
r
o
c
t
o
l
i
t
e
Olivine
gabbro
Plagioclase-bearing ultramafic rocks
90
(b)
Anorthosite
(c)
CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
Ultramafic rocks: opx,
cpx, olivine
If cant tell opx vs. cpx
use general names of
pyroxenite and
peridotite
Olivine
Clinopyroxene
Orthopyroxene
Lherzolite
Websterite
Orthopyroxenite
Clinopyroxenite
Olivine Websterite
Peridotites
Pyroxenites
90
40
10
10
Dunite
CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
Aphanitic rocks
Based % from
phenocrysts
Need to normalize A
and P
Not the most definite
way to name rock
(foid)-bearing
Trachyte
(foid)-bearing
Latite
(foid)-bearing
Andesite/Basalt
(Foid)ites
10
60
60
35 65
10
20
20
60
60
F
A P
Q
Rhyolite Dacite
Trachyte Latite Andesite/Basalt
Phonolite Tephrite
Figure 2-3. A classification and nomenclature of volcanic rocks.
After IUGS.
CLASSIFICATION OF PYROCLASTIC ROCKS
Figure 2-5. Classification of the pyroclastic rocks. a. Based on type of material. After
Pettijohn (1975) Sedimentary Rocks, Harper & Row, and Schmid (1981) Geology, 9, 40-43.
b. Based on the size of the material. After Fisher (1966) Earth Sci. Rev., 1, 287-298.
CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
Rock with 70% X,
20% Y, 10% Z
Plot mineral
composition of
triangle diagram
Figure 2-1a. Method #1 for plotting a point with the components: 70% X, 20% Y, and 10% Z on
triangular diagrams. An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, John Winter, Prentice
Hall.
CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
Figure out % of each
mineral
Reduce to 3 minerals
of choice and
normalize
In rock:
X=9%
Y=2.6%
Z=1.3%
Figure 2-1b. Method #2 for plotting a point with the components: 70% X, 20% Y, and 10% Z on
triangular diagrams. An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, John Winter, Prentice
Hall.
CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
In rock:
X=9%
Y=2.6%
Z=1.3%
Of these 3:
X=70%
Y=20%
Z=10%
X+Y+Z
X/(X+Y+Z)
Figure 2-1b. Method #2 for plotting a point with the components: 70% X, 20% Y, and 10% Z on
triangular diagrams. An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, John Winter, Prentice
Hall.
CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
Of these 3:
X=70%
Y=20%
Z=10%
X/(X+Y+Z) =70
Now normalize %Y and Z
Z/(Z+Y) and Y/(Z+Y)
20/30 (67%) for Y
10/30 (33%) for Z
Figure 2-1b. Method #2 for plotting a point with the components: 70% X, 20% Y, and 10% Z on
triangular diagrams. An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, John Winter, Prentice
Hall.