, 10 2009

.
.
,

MSc,
MS DIC
...

EN 1992-1-1 :2004
Eurocode 2 :Design of concrete structures
P t1
Part
1-1
1:G
Generall rules
l and
d rules
l for
f buildings
b ildi
Chapter 8 : Detailing of reinforcement
Chapter 9 : Detailing of members and particular rules

EN 1998-1 : 2004
E
Eurocode
d 8 :Design
D i
off structures
t
t
for
f earthquake
th
k resistance
i t
Part 1 : General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings
Chapter 5 : Specific rules for concrete buildings

.
.
2008
.

8.1

,
,
. :

, ,
.
.

8.2

,
.
( )

:
Smin = max {k1. ; dg + k2; 20} (mm)
:
dg

k1 = 1, k2 = 5 mm ()

,
,
.

8.3
, m,min , :

( )
8.1
)

16 mm
> 16 mm

,
( 8.1)
4
7

d 3 : 5
d < 3 : 20

:
5 ISO 17660 .

m
:

8.1
5
.
(,
)
,
,

.

, m,min ,
:
m,min
i Fbt ((1/ab) + 1/(2)) / fcd
d

( 8.1 )

:
Fbt

(
ab

)
)

) ,
= + /2.
fcd fcd = acc fck / c.
:
cc = 1.0 ( )
fck
,
50 MPa.


S500,
.
,

ab
20
2
25,6
3
21,3
4
19,2
5
18,0
10
15,4
:

25
20,5
17,0
15,4
14,4
12,3

(Mpa)
30
35
40
45
17,1
14,6
12,8
11,4
14,2
12,1
10,6
9,5
12,8
11,0
9,6
8,6
12,0
10,2
9,0
8,0
10,3
8,8
7,7
6,8

50
10,2
8,5
7,7
7,0
6,1

55
9,3
7,7
7,0
6,5
5,6

, fy k / s ,
500/1,15 Mpa. s, reqd/A s, prov ided

8.4
,

.
, ,

,
.

. 8.1

8.4.2


.

((fctk)

.
.
. 8.2

:
fbd = 2.25 n1 n2 fctd

( 8.2 )

fctd = fctk,0.05/c. .
fctk,0.05, C60/75,

.

n1
:
n1 = 1.0,
n1 = 0.7,
,
.
:
n2
n2 = 1.0
32mm
n2 = (132 )/100 > 32mm.

8.4.3
, lb,rqd,
.
.

lb,rqd = (/4) (sd / fbd)

(8.3)

sd
sd = (As,req / As,prov). fyd
fbd

8.4.4 (1)

,
, .
lbd = 1 2 3 4 5 lb,rqd lb,min

1
2
3
4
5

( 8.4 )

(t > 0.6) lbd

(2 3 5) 0,7

( 8.5 )

lb,rqd ( . 8.3 )
lb,min . :
: lb,min > max {0,3 lb,rqd; 10; 100 mm}
:
lb,min > max {0,6 lb,rqd; 10; 100 mm}

( 8.6 )
( 8.7 )

 8.2: 1, 2, 3, 4 5

1 = 0,7 c d > 3

(
1 = 1,0
8.1b, c,d)
( 8.5 c d)

2 = 1 - 0
0,15
15 (c d - )/
)/
0,7
1,0
2 = 1 - 0,15 (c d - 3)/

0,7

(
(
10
1,0
8.1b, c,d)
( 8.5 c d)

*


:

st

1 = 1,0

3 = 1 -
0,7
10
1,0

,


8.1e

1 = 1,0
1 = 1,0

2 = 1,0

2 = 1,0

3 = 1,0

4 = 0,7

4 = 0,7

5 = 1 - 0
0,04p
04p
0,7
1,0

= (st - st,min)/As
lbd

st,min
= 0,25 s 0
s
K
p
*

8.4
[MPa] lbd
8.6:
lbd lb,min

.
15 mm .

8.3 : cd

8.4 :

8.4.4 (2)

8.1,
8 1 ,




, lb,eq , ,
:

lb,eq = 1lb,rqd : ( 1 8.2

82)

lb,eq = 4lb,rqd
:
( 4 8.2 )

8.5
:

) ) 3 50 mm.
mm
8.5 :

,
(EC8 5.6.1 ):

8.6
,
sdd ( .
8.3
83)
Fbtd / As , As
( 14mm 32mm) Fbtd :

8.6
Fbtd = ltd t td

:
Fwd
ltd
lt
t
td
cm
y
x
c

, Fwd ( 8.8 )

: ltd = 1.16 t (fyd/td)0.5 lt
,



: td = (fctd + cm )/ y 3fcd
, ( ,
)
: y = 0.015 + 0.14 e(-0.18x)
: x = 2 (c / t) + 1
.

, . 8.8

.
, ,
3,
1.41.
12mm ,
.
:
Fbtd = Fwd 16 As fcd t / l
:
Fwd
t
l

( 8.9 )

: t 12mm
: l 12mm

t, . 8.9

1,41.
1 41

8.7
8.7.1
: .
:
() ,



.

.(
( EC8 5.6.3 )

.( EC8 5.6.3 )

8.7.2.
:

.
:

8.7
,
, , 100%.
,
,

50%. ()
.

8.7.3
, l0,
:
l0 = 1 2 3 5 6 lb,rqd l0,min

( 8.10 )

:
lb,rqd ( . 8.3 )
l0,min > max{0.3 6 lb,rqd ; 15 ; 200 mm}

1, 2, 3 5

8
8.2
2
3, st,min
1.0s(sd/fyd), s
.

6 =(1 /25)0.5 1,5 1,0, 1

0,65 l0
( 8.8).
8 8) 6
8.3.
8
8.3:
3: 6


6

<25%

33%

50%

>50%

1.15

1.4

1.5


8.8:

8.7.4.1

< 20mm <25% :

20mm :
st (

), , As,
(st 1,0
1 0 As).
)
50%
, a, 10 (.8.7),
U
.
,

.

8.9 (a)

8.7.4.2

, , , ,
4 .

8.9 ( b )

, ,
:( EC8 5.6.3 )
a))

,

,
sL
b)
,

,
sL.
c) , s,
( ) :

s = min {h/4 ; 100}

h ( ).

, ,
, Ast,
( EC2),

Ast = s (dbL/50) (fyld / fywd)

st
dbL
s
fyld
fywd

( EC8 5.52 )

8.7.5.1

: ( 8
8.10
10 )
)

.

8 7 2
8.7.2.

3 = 1,0.
8.3
83

ULS 80%
.

.

.

:
(s/s)prov 1200 mm2/m 100%
(s/s)prov > 1200 mm2/m 60%

1,3 l0.
.

8.7.5.2

100% .
, l0, 8.4.

8.4 : ( )

6
6 < 8,5
8,5 < 12

150 mm

250 mm
350 mm

8.8
( > 32 mm )
8.4 8.7, :

.
.
,

,
5long , :
:
sh = 0,25 As n1
( 8.12 )
:
sv= 0,25
0 25 As n2
( 8.13
8 13 )
:
s

n1

n2
.

,
:

Min = 1,0 m.
80% .

: n1=1, n2=2
n1=2, n2=2.

8.11

8.9
.
max/min
17
i 1,7.
:
n =
55mm
( 8.14 )
:
nb , :
nb 4 ,
nb 3

.

n < 32 mm .
n 32 mm
.

8.12
8 12
.
n 32 mm,
12mm .

.

 ,
n .
n < 32mm,

.
n 32 mm

1,3l0
8.13, l0
.4
.
4
.


.

.

8.13

9.2

( EC8 5.4.1.2.1, 5.5.1.2.1 )

(
, DCM DCH ) :

bc/4.( , bc
)
:

bw min { bc + hw ; 2bc }

( EC8 5.6 )

, (DCH)

:
200mm
:
h/b 3,5 ( 5.40b )

l0t

( EC8 5.4.3.2.1, 5.5.3.1.3 )

lcr = hw (hw = ) -,

.(
(

DC )
(DCH)
1,5hw
(
, ),
lcr = 2hw

9.2.1
9.2.1.1
:
As,min=0,26b
0 26
bt d
d 0,0013b
0 0013bt d (9.1)
( 9 1 )
:
bt .

() , bt
.

C12/15 C16/20 C20/25 C25/30 C30/37 C35/45 C40/50 C45/55 C50/60 C28/35 C32/40
As,min

0 13
0,13
0 13
0,13
0 13 0
0,13
0,135
135 0,151
0 151 0
0,166
166 0,182
0 182 0
0,198
198 0,213
0 213 0
0,145
145 0,156
0 156
btd

, st,sup 15%

( ):
s,max=0,04A
= 0 04Ac

: ( EC8 5.4.3.1.2 )
min =0,5(f
0 5 (fctm /f
/ fyk)
)

( EC8 5.12
5 12 )

0,0018 f

( EC8 5.11 )

cd
max =
+ sy ,d f yd

,

.


50%
:

s,comp As, tension / 2

, (DCH) :
( EC8 5.5.3.1.3 )

db = 14mm ,
.

25%
.

9.2.1.2
( )

15.

,,

As
.
, , beff, .

9.1

 , beff,
: ( EC8 5.4.3.1.1 )

a))
, beff
, bc ( 5.5b).
, , 2hf
( 5.5a).
b) 2hf,
( 5.5c 5.5d ).

EC8 5.5

9.2.1.3

9.2

 :
al = d
:
al = z (cot cot )/2

:



z , , ,

z = 0,9d.

,
, al = 1,25z.
, ,



.

,
1,3 lbd
, 0,7 lbd .
.

, .
, .

9.2.1.4
, 25% (
) .

:
FE = l VEd l al /z + NEd
:
lVEdl

al
NEd

,
,

.
lbd
. .

9.3

9.2.1.5
, 25% ( )

.

, , :
10,
10,
, 16 mm,

, .

9.4
, 20,

( (b) (c)) .
(..
, ).

lcr
. ( EC8 5.6.2.2 )

- ,
.(EC8 5.6.2.2 )
(DCH)
,
, 5dbL .

,
, dbL,
( )
:
a) :
b) :

( EC8 5.50a )

vd

kd
1
Rd

( EC8 5.50b )

(vd = NEd/fcd Ac)

,
DCH 2/3 DCM
: 1,2 DCH 1,0
DCM.


, hc,

,



:
a)
( 5.13a).
b)
( 5.13b).
c) 10dbL
( 5.13c).

EC8 - 5.13:
-

9.2.2
45 90

.
,
,
.

50% ( )

9.5

 :
w = Asw / (s bw sin)

( 9.4 )

:
w
w :
w,min =(0,08
)/fyk ( 9.5 )
Asw s
s

,
,




bw
.

:
sl,max = 0,75d
0 75d (1 + cot ) ( 9
9.6
6 )
:
sb,max = 0,6d
0 6d ( 1 + cot )
(9
9.7
7 )

:
st,max = 0,75d 600 mm
( 9.8 )

:( EC8 5.4.3.2.1 )
a) dbw 6mm.
6mm
b) , s, ( )
:
(DCM):
s = min {hw/4; 24dbw; 225; 8dbl }

( EC8 5.4.3.2.1 )

(DC):
s = min
i {hw/4;
/4 24dbw; 175;
175 6dbl }

( EC8 5.5.3.1.3
55313)

c)
50mm .

EC8 5.6

9.2.3

.
:
sl,max = min { u/8 ; 0,75d ( 1 + cot ) ; h ; b }
:
u

d

h

b

90
,
.
,

350mm.
9.6

9.2.4
:
c > 70 mm s,surf,min
0 005 Act,ext
c
f i = 0,005
t t ,
n > 32 mm s,surf,min = 0,01 Act,ext ( ) ,

.

4.4

9.2.5
, ,
.



.

9.7 ()

9.3
9.3.1

.
:
smax,slabs = min{ 3h ; 400mm}

( )

:
smax,slabs = min{ 2h ; 250mm}

( )

20% .
:
smax,slabs = min{ 3,5h ; 450mm}

( )

smax,slabs = min{ 3h ; 400mm}

( )

 ,
.

,,
,
,

,
25% .
0,2
.
.

9.2.1.3 , al
d.

9.3.1.4

( ) ,
,

9.8. ,
.
9.8
9.3.2
h 200mm.
, :
lVEdl 1/3 VRd,max
:

Rd
(.. ).
:
smax =0,75d (1+cot)
( 9.9 )


:
smax = d
( 9.10 )
1,5d.

9.4

9.4.1
0,5 t
0,125 . At

9.4.2

be,
.

9.9
99

9.4.3
1,5d ( )
, uout,
,
0,75d .

9.10a

 ( )
sw,min, :
Asw,min ( 1,5 sin + cos )/( sr . st ) 0,08

/ fyk

( 9.11 )

sr
st


0,25d .

9.10b

9.5

9.5.1
max h 4 min b
(DCM)
1/10
,
,
0,1.( EC8 5.4.1.2.2 )
, (DCH),
250 mm.
( EC8 5.5.1.2.2
55122)

(DCM):
(
)

lcr = max {hc ; lcl / 6 ; 0,45} (m) ( EC8 5.14 ) hc=
lcl =

((DC):
)
lcr = max {1,5hc ; lcl / 6 ; 0,6} (m) ( EC8 5.30 )
lc / hc < 3
3,
. ( EC8 5.4.3.2.2 )

9.5.2

: min = 8mm ( )
: As,min = 0,10 NEd / fyd 0,002 Ac (9.12 ) ( )
. ( ): As,max = 0,04 Ac ()
: As,max = 0,08
0 08 Ac ( )

:

: 0,01 l 0,04
= (EC8 5.4.3.2.2 )


,
, As,req/As,prov, 1.
(EC8 5.6.2.1 )
,

, 50%
2. (EC8 5.6.2.1 )

9.5.3
: min = max {6mm ; l,max}
: min = 5mm

: scl,tmax = min {20 l,min ; min{b;h} ; 400mm} ( )

0 6 scl,tmax
0,6
:
lt
I.

II.

14 mm.

,

,

.

1 12,


, : (EC8
5.4.3.2.2 )
wd =
:
wd 30 d sy,d

- 0,035

:
d
(vd = NEd / Ac fcd)

sy,d
hc
(

)
ho
(
)
bc

bo
(

, = n s ,
I. :

II.
(
) :

n =1
1

III.
( ) :
n =1
1

n =1
s =(1 s/2bo)(1 s/2ho)

s =(1 s /2Do)

s =(1 s/2Do)2

( EC8 5.4.3.2.2 , 5.5.3.2.2 )

DCM: wdd 0,08
0 08 , .

DCH: wd 0,12 ,
wd 0,08 , .
dbw :
DCM: dbw 6 mm
DCH: dbw 0,4 dbl,max

( 5.31 )

,
:
DCM: s = min {bo /2 ; 175; 8dbL } (5.18)
(5 18)
DCH: s = min {bo /3 ; 125; 6dbL } (5.32)

EC8-5.7

:
DCM: 200mm,,
( 1992-1-1
,
150mm
).(9.5.3(6) )
DCH: 150mm

9.6
9.6.1
lw / bwo > 4
, bwo, (
) : (EC8 5.4.1.2.3 )
bwo max {0,15 ; hs /20}

(EC8 5.7 )

(EC8 5.4.3.4.2 )

hcr = max { lw ; hw /6 }

((EC8 5.19a )

2 lw
hs
2 hs-

hcr

n 6
n 7

(EC8 5.19b )

hs




.

9.6.2
As,vmin As,v As,vmax
As,vmin = 0,002 c ( )
A s,vmax= 0,04 c ( )

, :
smax = min { 3bw ; 400mm}
9.6.3
As,h = max { 0,25 As,v ; 0,001 c }

( )

smax = 400mm
9.6.4



:
As,v >0,02c 9.5.3

,4
/m2




DCH

: (EC8 5.5.3.4.5 )
h,min = v,min = 0,002
:

8mm bw0 / 8
smax = min { 25 ; 250mm}

,

.

:
(1,3fctd (NEd /Aw))/ (fyd (1+1,5
min

))

(EC8 5.47 )

0,0025

(EC8 5.4.3.4.2, 5.5.3.4.5 )

:
:
(DCM):
(DCM):
,hcr.
(DCH):
hcr,
,h

,
.
:
, lc , ,
lc> (0.15lw, 1.50bw)

EC8 5.8

 , bw (200mm):

EC8 5.10

EC8 5.9 (DCM)

bw0max{0.15,hs/20} (5.7)

EC8 5.11 (DCH)

(EC8 5.4.3.4.2, 5.5.3.4.5 )

wd :
wd 30 ( d + v ) sy,d

- 0,035

(EC8 5.20 )

(DCM): wd 0,08
(DC): wd 0,12
dbw
:
DCM: dbw 6 mm
DCH: dbw 0,4 dbl,max
, s, :
((mm))
DCM: s = min {{bo /2 ; 175;; 8dbL }
DCH: s = min {bo /3 ; 125; 6dbL }
(mm)

:
DCM: 200mm,
DCH: 150mm

v,min = 0,005

c>0.002 (EC8 5.4.3.4.2(11) )

9.7
: l/h < 3

:

As,dbmin,v = 0,001 bl 150mm2/m

( )

:
As,dbmin,h = 0,001 bh 150mm2/m ( )
smax = min { 2b ; 300mm}

9.8
9.8.1

.


,
8mm ( )
9.11

.
,

, 45 .
.

9.8.2
9.8.2.1
9
8 2 1
8mm ( ),

8

8.4
8
8.5.
5
,

50%,
50%
10%, .
9.12
9 12
9.8.2.2



,

:
Fs = R ze / zi

( 9.13 )

e=0.15b, zi=0.9d, xmin=h/2

9.13

9.8.3
:

bw,min = 0,25m
hw,min = 0,4m, n 3
hw,min = 0,5m, n 4

8 mm ( )
, b,min = 0,4%.
9.8.4

5 MPa ( ), 8 mm ( ),
, h

Fs :
Fs = 0,25 (1 c/h) NEd
h = min { b, H }

9.14
9 14

(9.14)

9.8.5
600 mm ( )
,
, , As,bpmin:( )
9.6:


: Ac

Ac 0,5 m

0,5 m < Ac 1,0 m 2

Ac > 1,0 m

:
s,bpmin

As 0,005 Ac
As 25 cm 2
As 0,0025 Ac

6 ,
16 mm
,
200 mm ( ) .