Instrumental Drawing

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing
INSTRUMENTAL DRAWING
MAPUA DEPARTMENT OF MULTIMEDIA ARTS AND SCIENCES
Variousdrawinginstrumentsandtheircorrectmethodsofusefor
instrumentaldrawingareillustratedhere.
Correctuseoftheseinstrumentsarenecessaryforefficientand
concisedrafting.
Thestudentsshouldmakeitahabittousetheseprecision
instrumentscorrectly.
Withtheproperuseofthesetoolsanaccuraterepresentationof
shape,relationship,andsizecanbeaccomplished.
Theinstrumentsdealtwithinthistopicincludemostofthebasic
draftingtoolsandaresufficientfortheinitialphasesofa
technicaldrawingcourse.
DRAWING INSTRUMENTS AND ITS USES
Instrumental Drawing
Thelistofdrawinginstrumentsinclude:
600mmT-square
45x45and30x60Triangle
Protractor
MetricScale
CompassSet
Dividers
Pencils
TechnicalPens
Eraser
ErasingShield
Cutter,Sharpener,PencilPointerorSandpaper
DustingBrush
FrenchCurve
CircularTemplates
DRAWING INSTRUMENTS AND ITS USES
T-SQUARE
Used to construct horizontal lines.
It also serves as a base for triangles when drawing vertical lines or
inclined line.
The T-square has two parts called the blade and the head, which
should be joined together.
Drawing Instruments And Its Uses
TRIANGLES
30 x 60 AND 45 x 45 triangles are used for drawing vertical lines with
the T-square as the horizontal support.
15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 lines to the horizontal are constructed by
using one or both of the triangles.
Used to measure and draw angles not divisible by 15 when neither
the 30 x 60 nor the 45 triangles can be used.
Protractor
Protractor
Protractor
Used to reproduce the dimensions of an object in a full, reduced or
enlarged size on a drawing.
Metric Scale
Used for drawing circles and arcs.
Ink pen can be attached to this compass with the use of special
attachment.
Compass types include lengthening bar used for drawing large arcs
and circles.
Compass
A divider is a type of compass with needle points on both ends and is
used for laying off points or transferring dimensions.
It is also used for dividing lines into any number of equal parts.
Dividers
Graphite lead pencils are the basic instruments used in
mechanical drawing and come in varying degrees of hardness.
Drawing pencils are graded and numbered from 6B, very soft and
black to 5B, 4B, 3B, 2B, and HB to F, the medium grade; then
H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H, 6H, 7H, and 8H to 9H, the hardest.
The soft (B) grades are used primarily for sketching and rendering
and the hard (H) grades for instrument drawings.
Pencil
When preparing pencil layouts, select the pencil
grade for the line quality required.
Construction lines are drawn with hard grade leads
while the final lines are penciled in with a softer
lead.
Pencils should always be kept sharp to acquire
proficiency and accuracy.
The lead must be rubbed against a sandpaper or
pencil pointer to create a long conical point.
To keep the point sharp, rotate the pencil as you
draw lines.
The pencil should be used at an angle slightly off
the vertical.
PENCIL
Technical pens are precision inking tools that come with points of
varying thickness from 0.10 mm to 2.00 mm depending on the line
width required.
These pens have ink cartridges and can be refilled.
Technical Pens
And Inking Procedure
When constructing a line, the technical pen should be in a vertical
position.
The angle of inclination and speed must remain constant to obtain
a line of uniform width and straightness.
Most faulty lines are due to incorrect pen inclination or by leaning
the pen point too close to the straight edge, and it will run under
and cause a blot.
If it leans inward, some portion of the point of the pen will not touch
the paper and the line will be ragged.
It will not take long to discover that care must be taken when
removing T-square or triangle away from a wet ink line.
Technical Pens
And Inking Procedure
There are various kinds of erasers used in drafting.
A hard rubber eraser is used to remove dark
heavy lines.
A soft rubber eraser is used to remove light lines and to clean
smudges.
Special ink eraser is also available for removing ink lines on
tracing paper.
Eraser
Erasing shields are made of thin flat metal or plastic with cut outs of
various sizes and shapes.
An erasing shield restricts the erasing area. In this way, correctly
drawn lines will not be disturbed during erasing procedure.
To use, place the shield over the line to be erased and erase through
the shield.
Erasing Shield
These are various tools used for creating sharp conical pencil points.
When sharpening a lead point, care should be taken to keep the
graphite away from the drawing.
Most draftsmen keep a cloth or a piece of clay handy to wipe the
excess graphite powder from a newly sharpened lead.
Cutter, Sharpener,
Sandpaper, Pencil Pointer
It is used to remove loose dirt particles that collect on the drawing.
Removing the dirt with your hands may create smudges on the
drawing paper.
Dusting Brush
French curves are made of clear hard plastic and are
used for drawing non-circular curves.
Points showing the direction of the curve and are
penciled in.
Select a portion of the French curve that is most
similar to the curve.
Continue shifting the French curve to coincide with the
points along the curve.
In shifting the curve, take care to preserve smoothness
and continuity and to avoid breaks and cusps.

French Curve
And Flexicurve
The flexi curve is another tool used for drawing irregular curves.
It is made of rubber or plastic outer shell with a flexible metal inner
spine.
It can be bent to various shapes and is used in a similar fashion to
the French curve wherein points are marked, penciled in and
the flexi-curve shifted to suit the curve to be drawn.
French Curve
And Flexicurve
Templates are used for drafting symbols or repetitive figures.
They greatly facilitate drawing speed and precision.
Most templates are made of clear plastic and come in variety of
symbols for specialized drawing needs such as curves,
hexagons, bolt heads and nuts, circles, thread forms, chemical
apparatus, electrical symbols, etc.
Templates
For right handed horizontal line is drawn from left to right.
To Draw Horizontal Line
For left handed horizontal line is drawn from right to left.
To Draw Horizontal Line
Vertical line is drawn upward.
To Draw Vertical Line
To draw inclined line at 45 degrees.
45
o
To Draw Inclined Line
30
o
60
o
To draw inclined line at 30 and 60 degrees.
To draw inclined line at 75 and 15 degrees.
75
o
15
o
To Fasten The Drawing Paper On
The Drawing Board
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6

Instrumental Drawing

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Instrumental Drawing

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Lettering Instrumental Drawing Geometrical Construction Working Drawing Isometric Drawing

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen