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Contents
1
Introduction
Connector Example
Advantages
Video
Video
How to Work
Connector
Video
Communication #1
Intro #1
refractive index,
Intro #1
Intro #1
Intro #2
2
Dielectric
1951 Loss
1000 dB/km
Intro #3
1966 Mr.Kao STL (England)
Loss
20 dB/km
Intro #4
Light Source 1960 He-Ne
Semiconductor LASER ( 200 C)
1970 Semiconductor LASER GaAlAs
1970
2 Low Loss Optic Fiber Semiconductor Light Source
Semiconductor LASER
(High Bandwidth)
Bandwidth 200MHz/km 850 Nm Bandwidth
1,000MHz/km 1,300 Nm
(Low Loss) 1-45
Km.
(Noise Immunity)
(Small Size)
(Light Weight)
(No Short Circuit, No Spark or Fire Hazard)
(Transmission Security)
(Topology Compatibility)
(Backbone)
(Core)
2 Cores TX RX)
core
Core Cladding
Cladding
Core
Cladding Buffer
Core
Jacket
Dielectric
Silica glass optic fiber -> SiO2 Dopant -> Ge, B, F
Propagation Mode
Single Mode Optic Fiber (SM Fiber)
Core ~ 5-10
Multi Mode Optic Fiber (MM Fiber)
Core ~ 50
Single Mode
Multi Mode
Laser
Light
Emitting
Diode
Core
50 or 62.5 micron
diameter
Core
9 micron diameter
Cladding
125 micron diameter
Cladding
125 micron diameter
Outer coating
250 micron diameter
LAN
Outer coating
250 micron diameter
Core
Cladding
Jacket
Core Cladding
Air
Human hair
for comparison
Coating
Cladding
50 80 m
Core
~6-10 m
125 m
~250 m
1 m = 1/1000000 m
#1
(Absorption Loss)
(Reyleigh Scattering Loss)
#2
(Uniformity Loss)
(Bending Loss)
#1
Micro Bending
Connection Loss
Internal Reflection #1
Rays striking an interface between two dielectrics from the higher
index side are totally internally reflected if the refracted ray angle
calculated from Snells Law would otherwise exceed 90.
Refractive index = n 1
Refracted ray
( < crit)
Total internal
reflection ( > crit)
crit
Refractive index = n 2 (n2 > n 1 )
crit
n
= sin 1
n2
1
If n1 = 1.470 and n2 =1.475, say, then crit = 85.28 within a fibre core
> crit
< crit
(light source) light-emitting diode
(LED) laser diode
TRANSMITTER
FIBER
Performance
+
modulation
fiber
100 W
1
W
100 MHz
Typical performance
Power (in fiber):
Max:
Direct Modulation Bandwidth:
5-10
mW
100-300 mW
1-10
GHz
~1 mA / mW
1-20 GHz
optical
transmitter
optical
receiver
Light emitter
LED (light emitting diode); (<1Gbps), multimode fiber
Laser diode
Light detector
PIN photodiode: LED
Avalanche photodiode; PIN
How to Work #2
DEMUX
Modulator
Demodulator
How to Work #3
SC - subscriber channel
fiber optic #1
fiber optic #2
out door
fiber optic #3
in door
fiber optic #4
fiber optic #5
Fiber Optic
fiber optic #6
fiber optic #7
fiber optic #8
fiber optic #9
fiber optic #1
Video
1.
2.
3.
(Telephone Systems)
Video
Video Trunk Studio
CATV
Video Trunking
4.
5.
6.
On-Line
Optical ITV
ITV : Industrial Television
(Monitering)
Supporo 12
Repeater
Optical CATV
Interactive
Optical Network
.. 2538
. . .
23 .. 2548
Metro LAN
(LAN)
(Mbps) (Gbps)
Global Network
Global Network
Global Network
Global Network
Global Network
Global Network
Global Network
.. 1970
FTTC (fiber To The Curb)
HFC (Hybrid Fiber/Coax) FTTC HFC
FTTC
FTTC HFC
FTTH
FTTH
( 1970 ) (FTTH)
(2006) FTTH
.. 1970
FTTC (fiber To The Curb)
HFC (Hybrid Fiber/Coax) FTTC HFC
FTTC
FTTC HFC
FTTH
Fiber optic ?
WDM Concept
( )
Spectrum
Fiber optic Capacity
WDM Technology
Wavelength Division Multiplexing
FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing)
( )
Fiber optic
WDM Technique
Multipoint WDM
WDM Device
WADM (Wavelength Add/Drop Multiplexer)
Switch Wavelength Drop
Add
Wavelength Crossconnect Switch
Input Output
WXC (Wavelength Selective Crossconnect)
Wavelength routing switch
98
Narrowband WDM : 90
DWDM : 90
40
100-200 GHz (
400 Gbps)
99
100
Chromatic dispersion
Chromatic Disperion
Hyperbolic Cosine
102
103
Reference
Computer Networks, Fourth Edition, Andrew S.Tanenbaum, Pearson Education
Indochina
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet, James F.
Kurose and Keith W. Ross
, . , 2547
Internet Today, ARiP, , 2543
, , ,
,
, . , ,
,
http://www.searchNetworking.com, June 24, 2008
http://www.eht.com/oldradio/history/outline/Fess-voc.htm, June 24, 2008
http://www.bartleby.com/59/23/microwavecom.html, June 24, 2008
http://www.noaa.gov/satellites.html, June 24, 2008
http://www.guru-ict.com, March 04, 2551
104
http://www.searchNetworking.com
http://www.eht.com/oldradio/history/outline/Fess-voc.htm
http://www.bartleby.com/59/23/microwavecom.html
http://www.noaa.gov/satellites.html
http://www.globalcrossing.com/network/
http://www.ntt.net/
http://www.cat.net.th/home.html
http://www.verizonbusiness.com/about/network/
http://www.caida.org/tools/visualization/mapnet/Backbones/
http://www.youtube.com/
http://www.thaitelecomkm.org/
http://www.samsung.com/global/system/business/telecommunications/
http://www.americantechsupply.com/