Energy Balance

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION
1. Across Washer
Input Streams
Stream l1
m = 3333.33 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=
0.0432 x 3.72
= 0.15509 kj/kg.K
Dissolved Solids = 0.1250 x 1.1827 = 0.1382 kj/kg.K

Aroma
= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K
Water
= 0.8317 x 4.18
Total Cp
= 3.7850 kj/kg.K
= 3.4765 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 298.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3333.33 x 3.7850 x (298.15 298.15) = 0 kj/kg
Stream l2
m = 350 kg/hr
Cp of stream
Energy Balance
Page 20

Water = 4.18 x 1 = 4.18kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 298.15K
T2 = 298.15k=K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 350 x 4.18 x (298.15 298.15) = 0 kj/kr
Output Streams
Stream l4
m = 3333.3 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=
0.0432 x 3.72
= 0.15509 kj/kg.K

Aroma
= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K
Water
= 0.8317 x 4.18
Total Cp
= 3.7850 kj/kg.K
= 3.4765 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 298.15 K
T2 = 298.15 K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3333.33 x 3.7850 x (298.15 298.15) = 0 kj/hr
Stream l8
m = 350 kg/hr
Cp of stream
Water= 4.18 x 0.9962 = 4.164 kj/kg.K
Impurities = 1.1x 0.0038 = 0.00418 kj/kg.K
Total Cp = 4.17 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
Energy Balance
Page 21

T1 = 298.15 K
T2 = 298.15 K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 350 x 3.7850 x (298.15K 298.15K) = 0 kj/hr
Balance:
Qin = Qout
l1 + l2 = l4 + l8
0+0=0+0
0 kj/hr = 0 kj/hr (Balanced)
2. Across Crusher
Input Streams
Stream l4
m = 3333.33 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=
0.0432 x 3.72
= 0.15509 kj/kg.K
Energy Balance
Aroma
= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K
Water
= 0.8317 x 4.18
Total Cp
= 3.7850 kj/kg.K
= 3.4765 kj/kg.K
Page 22

Total Q:
T1 = 298.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3333.33 x 3.7850 x (298.15 298.15) = 0 kj/hr
Stream l3
m = 6.66 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Enzyme
= 0.05 x 2.26 = 0.113 kj/kg.K
Water
= 0.95 x 4.18
Total Cp
= 4.08 kj/kg.K
= 3.97 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 303.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 6.66 x 3.7850 x (303.15 298.15) = 126.04 kj/hr
Output Streams
Stream l5
m = 3339.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=
0.0431 x 3.72
= 0.1603 kj/kg.K

Aroma
= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K
Water
= 0.8320 x 4.18
Enzyme
= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K
Total Cp
= 3.7859 kj/kg.K
= 3.4777 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 303.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Energy Balance
Page 23

Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3339.96 x 3.7859 x (303.15 298.15) = 63223.7728 kj/hr
Balance
Qin = Qout
L4 + l3 = l5
0 + 126.04 = 63223.7728
0 = 63097.7328 kj/hr
Crusher Duty = 63097.7328 kj/hr
Hot water mass = 503.17 kg/hr
3. Across With-holding Tank
Input Streams
Stream l5
m = 3339.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=
0.0431 x 3.72
= 0.1603 kj/kg.K

Aroma
= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K
Water
= 0.8320 x 4.18
Enzyme
= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K
Total Cp
= 3.7859 kj/kg.K
= 3.4777 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
Energy Balance
Page 24

T1 = 303.15 K
T2 = 298.15 K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3339.96 x 3.7859 x (303.15 298.15) = 63223.7728 kj/hr
Output Streams
Stream l6
m = 3339.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=
0.0431 x 3.72
= 0.1603 kj/kg.K

Aroma
= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K
Water
= 0.8320 x 4.18
Enzyme
= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K
Total Cp
= 3.7859 kj/kg.K
= 3.4777 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 303.15 K
T2 = 298.15 K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3339.96 x 3.7859 x (303.15 298.15) = 63223.7728 kj/hr
Balance
Qin = Qout
L5 = l6
63223.7728 kj/hr = 63223.7728 kj/hr (Balanced)
Energy Balance
Page 25
4. Across Presses
Input Streams
Stream l6
m = 3339.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=
0.0431 x 3.72
= 0.1603 kj/kg.K

Aroma
= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K
Water
= 0.8320 x 4.18
Enzyme
= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K
Total Cp
= 3.7859 kj/kg.K
= 3.4777 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 303.15K
T2 =298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3339.96 x 3.7859 x (303.15 298.15) = 63223.7728 kj/hr
Output Streams
Stream p4
m = 501 kg/hr
Energy Balance
Page 26

Cp of stream:
Fiber
0.2101 x 3.72
= 0.7815 kj/kg.K

Water
= 0.7157 x 4.18
Total Cp
= 3.8608 kj/kg.K
= 2.9916kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 303.1484 K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 501 x 3.8608 x (303.1484 298.15) = 9668.2128 kj/hr
Stream l15
m = 2838.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=
0.0136 x 3.72
= 0.0506 kj/kg.K

Aroma
= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K
Water
= 0.8526 x 4.18
Enzyme
= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K
Total Cp
= 3.7729 kj/kg.K
= 3.5639 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 303.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2838.96 x 3.7729 x (303.15 298.15) = 53555.56 kj/hr
Balance
Qin = Qout
l6 = L15 + p4
53555.56 + 9668.2128 = 63223.7728
63223.7728kj/hr = 63223.7728 kj/hr (Balanced)
Energy Balance
Page 27
5. Across Heat Exchanger
Input Streams
Stream l15
m = 2838.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=
0.0136 x 3.72
= 0.0506 kj/kg.K

Aroma
= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K
Water
= 0.8526 x 4.18
Enzyme
= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K
Total Cp
= 3.7729 kj/kg.K
= 3.5639 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 303.15 K
T2 = 298.15 K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2838.96 x 3.7729 x (303.15 298.15) = 53555.56 kj/hr
Stream u3
m = 48.66 kg/hr
Temperature = T2 = 393.57
Pressure = 2 bar (g)
Latent Heat = 2201 kj/kg
Energy Balance
Page 28

Cp of steam= 2.02 kj/kg
Cp of water= 4.18 kj/kg
Total Q:
T1 = 298.15 K
T2 = 393.57 K
Q = mCpwaterdT + m.H
Q = (48.66 X 4.18 X (393.57 - 298.15)) + (48.66 X 2201) = 126731.04 kj/hr
Output Streams
Stream l17
m = 2838.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=
0.0136 x 3.72
= 0.0506 kj/kg.K

Aroma
= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K
Water
= 0.8526 x 4.18
Enzyme
= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K
Total Cp
= 3.7729 kj/kg.K
= 3.5639 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 313.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2838.96 x 3.7729 x (313.15 298.15) = 160666.68 kj/kg
Stream c1
m = 48.66
Cp of water:
Water
= 1 x 4.18
= 4.18 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 394.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Energy Balance
Page 29

Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 48.66 x 4.18 x (394.15 298.15) = 19542.34 kj/hr
Balance
Qin = Qout
L15 + u3 = l17 + c1
53555.56 + 126731.04 = 19542.34 + 160666.6
180286.596 kj/hr = 180209.02kj/hr Difference: 77.57 kj/hr
6. Across Falling Film Evaporator
Input Streams
Stream l17
m = 2838.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber
0.0136 x 3.72
= 0.0506 kj/kg.K
Dissolved Solids = 0.1336 x 1.1827 = 0.1580 kj/ kg.K

Aroma
= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/ kg.K
Water
= 0.8526 x 4.18
Enzyme
= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/ kg.K
Total Cp
= 3.77 kj/ kg.K
= 3.5639 kj/ kg.K
Total Q:
Energy Balance
Page 30

T1 = 313.15K
T2 = 298.15K
P= -0.79 bar (g)
Q = mCp (T1-T2)
Q = 2838.96 x 3.77 x (313.15 298.15) = 160543.188 kj/hr
Stream u4
m = 484.904 kg/hr
Temperature = 335.35K
Latent Heat = 2352.31 kj/kg
Total Q:
Q = mCpdT + m.H
Q = (484.904 x 4.18 (335.35- 298.15))+(484.904 x 2352.31) = 1216045.161 kj/hr
Output Streams
Stream l19
m = 2510.150 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=
0.015381 x 3.72
= 0.0572 kj/kg.K

Water
= 0.8330 x 4.18
= 3.4819 kj/kg.K
Enzyme
= 1.1276 x 10-4 x 2.26 = 2.540 x 10-4 kj/kg.K
Total Cp
= 3.71 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 323.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2510.150 x 3.71 x (323.15 298.15) = 232816.412 kj/hr
Stream A2
m = 328.80 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Aroma
Energy Balance
= 8.6342 x 10-4 x 3.0006 = 2.590 x 10-3 kj/kg.K

Page 31

Water
= 0.9991 x 4.18
Total Cp
= 4.18 kj/kg.K
= 4.1762 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
Enthalpy of aroma = 3093.11 kj/kg
T1 = 335.35K
T2 = 298.15K
Since the stream contains both aroma in vapor and water in liquid form so,
Q = mCp(T1-T2) + m.H
Q = (328.80 x 4.18 x (335.35 298.15)) + (328.80 x 3093.11) = 1068141.653 kj/kg
Stream c2
m = 484.904 kg/hr
Cp of water:
Water
= 1 x 4.18
= 4.18 kj/kgoC
Total Q:
T1 = 335.35K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 484.904 x 4.18 x (335.35 298.15) = 75400.63 kj/hr
Balance
Qin = Qout
L17 + u4 = l19 + A2 + c2
160543.188 + 1216045.161 = 232816.412 + 1068141.653 + 75400.63
1376588.349 kj/hr = 1376358.695 kj/hr Difference = 233.654 kj/hr
Energy Balance
Page 32
7. Across Aroma Stripping Column
Input Streams
Stream A2
m = 328.80 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Aroma
= 8.6342 x 10-4 x 3.0006 = 2.590 x 10-3 kj/kg.K
Water
= 0.9991 x 4.18
Total Cp
= 4.18 kj/kg.K
= 4.1762 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
Enthalpy of aroma = 3093.11 kj/kg
T1 = 335.35K
T2 = 298.15K
Since the stream contains both aroma in vapor and water in liquid form so,
Q = mCp(T1-T2) + m.H
Q = (328.80 x 4.18 x (335.35 298.15)) + (328.80 x 3093.11) = 1068141.653 kj/kg
Output Streams
Stream A3
m = 0.283893 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Aroma
Energy Balance
= 1 x 3.0006 = 3.0006 kj/kg.K
Page 33

Total Cp
3.0006 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 353.15K
T2 =298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2) + m.H + mCp(T3-T4)
Q = [0.283893 x 3 x (351.45 298.15)] + [0.283893 x 846] + [0.283893 x 2.5 x (353.15 351.45)] =
286.77 kj/kg
Stream w7
m = 328.517
Cp of stream:
Water = 4.18 x 1 = 4.18 kj/kg.K
Total Cp = 4.18 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 373.15
T2 = 298.15
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 328.517 x 4.18 x (373.15 298.15) + (328.517 x 2270) = 848723.669 kj/kg
Balance
Qin = Qout
A2 = A3 + w7
1068141.653 kj/hr = 286.77 kj/hr + 848723.669 kj/hr
1068141.653 kj/hr = 849010.439 kj/hr
Heat needed to be removed to maintain required conditions = 219131 kj/hr
Energy Balance
Page 34
8. Across Aroma Condensor
Input Streams
Stream A3
m = 0.283893 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Aroma
= 1 x 3.0006 = 3.0006 kj/kg.K
Total Cp
3.0006 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 353.15
T2 = 298.15
Q = mCp(T1-T2) + m . H
Q = [0.283893 x 3 x (351.45 298.15)] + [0.283893 x 846] + [0.283893 x 2.5 x (353.15 351.45)] =
286.77 kj/kg
Stream w1
m = 3.432 kg/hr
Cp of pure water: 4.18 kj/kg.K
T1 = 309.95 K
T2 = 298.15 K
Total Q:
Q = mCpdT
Q = 3.432 x 4.18 x (309.95 - 298.15)
Q = 169.88 kj/hr
Energy Balance
Page 35
Output Streams
Stream w6
m = 3.432 kg/hr
Cp of pure water: 4.18 kj/kg.K
T1 = 323.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Total Q:
Latent Heat liberated by aroma = (0.283893 x 846) = 240.17
Q = Q = mCp(T1-T2) + m.H
Q = 3.432 x 4.18 x (323.15 - 298.15) + 240.17
Q = 455.18 kj/hr
Stream A4
m = 0.283893 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Aroma
= 1 x 3.0006 = 3.0006 kj/kg.K
Total Cp
3.0006 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 300.15
T2 = 298.15
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = [0.283893 x 3.0006 x (300.15 298.15)] = 1.7 kj/kg
Balance
Qin = Qout
A3 + w1 = w6 + A4
256.77 + 169.88 = 455.18 + 1.7
456.88 kj/hr = 456.88 kj/hr
Energy Balance
Page 36
9. Across Enzymatic Treatment Tank
Input Streams
Stream l19
m = 2510.156 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=
0.015381 x 3.72
= 0.0572 kj/kg.K

Water
= 0.8330 x 4.18
= 3.4819 kj/kg.K
Enzyme
= 1.1276 x 10-4 x 2.26 = 2.540 x 10-4 kj/kg.K
Total Cp
= 3.7180 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 323.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2510.156 x 3.7180 x (323.15 298.15) = 233319 kj/hr
Stream E1
m = 54.146 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Energy Balance
Enzyme
= 1 x 2.26 = 2.26 kj/kg.K
Total Cp
2.26 kj/kg.K
Page 37
Total Q:
T1 = 323.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 54.146 x 2.26 x (323.15 298.15) = 3059.249 kj/hr
Output Streams
Stream l22
m = 2564.804 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=
0.01565 x 3.72
= 0.0582 kj/kg.K

Water
= 0.81471 x 4.18
= 3.4055 kj/kg.K
Enzyme
= 0.021221 x 2.26 = 0.0480 kj/kg.K
Total Cp
= 3.6865 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 323.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2564.804 x 3.6865 x (323.15 298.15)) = 236378.249 kj/hr
Balance
Qin = Qout
L19 + l21 = l22
233319 kj/hr + 3059.249 kj/hr = 236378.249 kj/hr
Energy Balance
Page 38
10.
Across Ultra filtration Unit
Input Streams
Stream l22
m = 2564.804 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=
0.01565 x 3.72
= 0.0582 kj/kg.K

Water
= 0.81471 x 4.18
= 3.4055 kj/kg.K
Enzyme
= 0.021221 x 2.26 = 0.0480 kj/kg.K
Total Cp
= 3.6865 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 323.15
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2564.804 x 3.6865 x (323.15 298.15) = 236378.249 kj/hr
Output Streams
Stream l23
m = 2223.2217 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Energy Balance
Page 39

Water
= 0.8465 x 4.18
Total Cp
= 3.7199 kj/kg.K
= 3.5384 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 323.15K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2223.2217 x 3.7199 x (323.15 298.15K) = 206754.06 kj/hr
Stream l23
m = 341.5823 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=
0.1175 x 3.72
= 0.4371 kj/kg.K

Water
= 0.1110 x 4.18
= 0.4639 kj/kg.K
Enzyme
= 0.1593 x 2.26 = 0.3600 kj/kg.K
Total Cp
= 1.984 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 341.85K
T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 341.5823 x 1.984 x (341.85 298.15) = 29624.189 kj
Balance
Qin = Qout
L22 = l23 + l 23
236378.249 kj/hr = 206754.06 kj/hr + 29624.189 kj/hr
Energy Balance
Page 40
11.
Across Triple Effect Evaporator
Input Streams
Stream l23
m = 2223.2217 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Water
= 0.8465 x 4.18
Total Cp
= 3.71 kj/kg.K
= 3.5384 kj/kg.K
Total Q:
T1 = 323.15K
T2 = T2 = 298.15K
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2223.2217 x 3.71 x (323.15 298.15) = 205648.007 kj/hr
Stream u5
m = 767 kg/hr
Temperature = 138oC = 411.15K
Specific enthalpy of saturated steam = 2706.54 kj/kg
Total Q:
Q = m x Enthalpy
Q = (767 x 2147) + (767 x 2.17 x (411.15 - 407.15)) + (767 x 4.18 x (407.15 -298.15)) = 2002867.1
kj/hr
Energy Balance
Page 41
Output Streams
Stream c5
m = 767 kg/hr
Temperature = 134 oC = 407.15K
Cp of water from 0 to 100 = 4.18 kj/hr
Total Q:
Q = mCpdT
Q = 767 x 4.18 x (407.15K - 298.15K) = 349460.54 kj/hr
Stream c6
m = 594.612 kg/hr
Temperature = 121oC = 394.15K
Cp of water = 4.18 kj/kg
Total Q:
Q = mCpdt
Q = 594.612 x 4.18 x (394.15 - 25) = 238605.9 kj/hr
Stream c7
M = 583.3 kg/hr
Temperature = 112.53oC = 385.68K
Cp of water = 4.18
Total Q:
Q = mCpdT
Q = 583.3 x 4.18 x (385.68 - 298.15) = 213390.73 kj/hr
Stream v1
M = 571.359 kg/hr
Cp of Water = 4.18
Latent Heat of vapors = 2226.23 kj/kg
Total Q:
Energy Balance
Page 42

Q = mCpdT + m.H = (571.359 x 4.18 x (385.68-347.25)) + (571.359 x 2226.23) = 1363758.171
kj/hr
Stream l26
M = 474 kg/hr
Cp of apple juice at 72 brix = 2.02 kj/kg
Total Q:
Q = mCpdT
Q = 474 x 2.02 x (345.15 - 298.15) = 45001.56 kj/hr
Balance
Qin = Qout
l23 +u5 = c5 + c6 + c7 + l26 + v1
205648.007 + 2002867.1 = 349460.54 +238605.9 + 213390.73 + 47874 + 1363758.171
2208515.107kj/hr = 2213089.341kj/hr
Heat Capacity Estimation of Constituents

Enzyme
The value of heat capacity used is estimated from the reference given and is very near to the
heat capacity of protein as our enzyme is protein based.
Heat capacity of enzyme = 2.26 kj/kg
Fiber
The value of heat capacity used is estimated from the reference given
Heat Capacity of Fiber = 3.72 kj/kg
Aroma
The heat capacity of aroma is estimated based on the heat capacity of individual components
and their composition in aroma.
Constituents
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol
2-Methyl Butanol
Hexanol
Ethyl Iso-Butyrate
Ethyl Butyrate
Ethyl Acetate
Energy Balance
Composition(xi)
0.495
0.016
0.046
0.014
0.015
0.097
0.064
0.010
Heat Capacity(kj/kgoC)
2.43
2.37
2.307
2.303
2.308
1.7372
1.6290
1.9200
xiCp
1.203
0.038
0.106
0.032
0.035
0.167
0.1042
0.0192
Page 43

Butyl Acetate
Pentyl Acetate
Ethyl Valerate
Benzaldehyde
Hexanal
Trans-2-Hexanal
Total
0.035
0.040
0.078
0.0005
0.043
0.042
1.9630
1.7667
2.1980
1.6211
2.11
2.07
0.0688
0.061
0.171
0.0081
0.9073
0.0261
3.0006 kj/kg.K
Note: The references for composition and heat capacities of constituents are provided.
Dissolved Solids
The heat capacity of dissolved solids is estimated based on the heat capacity of individual
components and their composition in dissolved solids.
Constituents
Protien
Ash
Liphids
Sucrose
Glucose
Fructose
Starch
Calcium
Iron
Magnesium
Phosphorous
Potassium
Zinc
Vitamin C
Vitmain A
Total
Composition(xi)
0.0234
0.0171
0.0153
0.1868
0.2193
0.5325
4.63 x 10-3
5.45 x 10-7
1.083 x 10-8
4.513 x 10-7
9.92 x 10-7
9.65 x 10-6
9.02 x 10-8
4.151 x 10-7
1.353 x 10-6
Heat Capacity (kj/kg.K)

2.34
1.343
2.1
1.30
0.63
1.28
1.753
0.650
0.447
1.024
0.809
0.74
0.399
1.39
1.62
xiCp
0.0548
0.0230
0.0321
0.2428
0.1382
0.6816
8.086 x 10-3
3.5198 x 10-8
4.1841 x 10-9
4.621 x 10-7
8.0253 x 10-7
7.141 x 10-6
3.5990 x 10-8
5.769 x 10-7
2.192 x 10-6
1.182 kj/kg.K
Note: The references for composition and heat capacities of constituents are provided.
Water
Heat capacity of water is taken from literature as 4.18 kj/kg.K.
Energy Balance
Page 44
Overall Energy Balance

IN
STREAM NAME
STREAM Heat kj/hr
l1
l2
l3
63223.8182
u2 (u3+u4)
1183470.062
E1
3059.249
w1
169.88
u5
2009960.37
TOTAL Heat
3382001.794
OUT
STREAM NAME
STREAM heat kg/hr
l8
p4
9668.212
c4 (c1+c2)
100344.56
A4
1.7
Energy Balance
Page 45
w7
903075.79
w2
455.18
w5
29624.189
c5
350417.342
c6
238605.98
Energy Balance
Page 46
sc7
213415.1208
v3
1363758.1
l24
45001.56
TOTAL Heat
3350784.662
Energy Balance
Page 47

Energy Balance

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Energy Balance

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Dissolved Solids = 0.1250 x 1.1827 = 0.1382 kj/kg.K

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Dissolved Solids = 0.1250 x 1.1827 = 0.1382 kj/kg.K

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Dissolved Solids = 0.1250 x 1.1827 = 0.1382 kj/kg.K

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

= 0.05 x 2.26 = 0.113 kj/kg.K

Dissolved Solids = 0.1247 x 1.1827 = 0.1474 kj/kg.K

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

3. Across With-holding Tank

Dissolved Solids = 0.1247 x 1.1827 = 0.1474 kj/kg.K

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Dissolved Solids = 0.1247 x 1.1827 = 0.1474 kj/kg.K

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Dissolved Solids = 0.1247 x 1.1827 = 0.1474 kj/kg.K

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Dissolved Solids = 0.0742 x 1.1827 = 0.0877 kj/kg.K

Dissolved Solids = 0.1336 x 1.1827 = 0.1580 kj/kg.K

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

5. Across Heat Exchanger

Dissolved Solids = 0.1336 x 1.1827 = 0.1580 kj/kg.K

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Dissolved Solids = 0.1336 x 1.1827 = 0.1580 kj/kg.K

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

6. Across Falling Film Evaporator

Dissolved Solids = 0.1336 x 1.1827 = 0.1580 kj/ kg.K

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/ kg.K

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/ kg.K

= 3.77 kj/ kg.K

= 3.5639 kj/ kg.K

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

Dissolved Solids = 0.1511 x 1.1827 = 0.1787 kj/kg.K

= 1.1276 x 10-4 x 2.26 = 2.540 x 10-4 kj/kg.K

= 8.6342 x 10-4 x 3.0006 = 2.590 x 10-3 kj/kg.K

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

7. Across Aroma Stripping Column

= 8.6342 x 10-4 x 3.0006 = 2.590 x 10-3 kj/kg.K

= 1 x 3.0006 = 3.0006 kj/kg.K

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

8. Across Aroma Condensor

= 1 x 3.0006 = 3.0006 kj/kg.K

PRODUCTION OF APPLE JUICE AT LOW TEMPERATURE PROCESSING BY ULTRAFILTRATION

= 1 x 3.0006 = 3.0006 kj/kg.K