Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
By : Ar Meera . P . S
Carpentry and Joinery
• Art or act to cut, plane, frame and
place the raw timber in position,
which is to be used for structural
construction of buildings.
•
by means of saws.
The choice of a
particular tool
depends
upon
Nature of cut desired
Type of wood
Size of cut
Working space and
handling
• D o ve ta ilin g . T h is in d ica te s a m e th o d
a d o p te d to jo in tw o b o a rd s u su a lly a t
rig h t a n g le s to e a ch o th e r. In th is,
th e e n d o f o n e b o a rd is m a d e o f fa n -
sh a p e d p in so a s to fit in to th e
sim ila rly sh a p e d m o rtise cu t m a d e in
th e o th e r b o a rd .
• Lapped joint
• lapping of
members one
above another
and binding
with G I Strips
and bolts
•
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Fish e d jo in t
Fish e d jo in ts-- In th is,
m e m b e rs a re cu t sq u a re ,
b u tte d a n d th e n jo in e d
to g e th e r b y co ve rin g w ith
fish p la te s
•
Scarfed or spliced joints-- These are
formed by making projections in one
member and corresponding
depressions on the other member
. Ta b le d jo in ts--T h e se jo in ts a re fo rm e d
b y cu ttin g sp e cia l sh a p e s in b o th th e
m e m b e rs a n d th e n su ita b ly jo in in g b y
m e a n s o f fish p la te s, b o lts, stra p s a n d
ke ys
12/10/09 Ta b le d jo in t By:Ar Meera P S 16
Rebated-- This joint is formed by overlapping the cut portions. This joint provides a dust-proof surface.
S p la ye d , to n g u e d a n d g ro o ve d jo in t-- T h is jo in t is
sim ila r'to to n g u e a n d g ro o ve jo in t, exce p t th a t to n g u e s
a n d g ro o ve s a re sp lice d a t a n a n g le
Double-tongued
Matchboarding.
Joint with Single Method of Secret-
Dovetail Tongue and nailing Hardwood
Groove. Flooring Boards.
M a tch e d B e a d e d a n d ve e jo in t-- T h is jo in t is
fo rm e d b y to n g u e a n d g ro o ve a rra n g e m e n t, a n d
h a s a sp e cia l m o u ld in g o n e sid e a n d ve e -sh a p e d
a p p e a ra n ce o n th e o th e r
K e ye d jo in t o r d o ve ta il jo in t-- In th is, a ke y o f
d o ve ta ilo r tra p e zo id a l sh a p e is u se d to fit in th e
d e p re ssio n s o r h o le s fo rm e d b y co n n e ctin g th e
g ro o ve d m e m b e rs
C o g g e d jo in t-T h is jo in t is fo rm e d to
m a in ta in fu ll d e p th o f th e m e m b e r o r
b e a m a n d h e n ce n o tch e s a re m a d e o n
o n e o r b o th th e e d g e s o f th e lo w e r
m e m b e r, le a vin g a n u n cu t p ro je ctio n ,
ie
. ., co g a n d a cco rd in g ly it is n a m e d a s
sin g le - co g g e d o r d o u b le -co g g e d jo in t
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Framing Joints-
• These joints are almost similar to the bearing joints
described above as regards the types and
construction.
• But these are slightly modified to meet special
requirements because the primary consideration in
their design is not strength, as in bearing joints, but
endurance or durability.
• These joints are used to construct the frames of doors,
windows, ventilators and partitions, and hence
known as Training joints
C o m b in g o r C o rn e r Jo in t w ith S in g le Lo o se To n g u e
Lo ckin g Jo in t. C o rn e r M o u ld a n d D o u b le -to n g u e
Jo in t.
E xa m p le s o f To n g u e d a n d G ro o ve d C o rn e r Jo in ts
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Angle or Corner Joints-
B u tt h in g e
S to p -b o u n d D o o r G u a g in g
N o n - re ve rsib le S cre e n H in g e .
It is th e n o n -re ve rsib le scre e n h in g e a n d ,
a s its n a m e im p lie s, w illo n ly fo ld in o n e
d ire ctio n .
b a ck fla p h in g e
w ith a sp e cia lly w id e w in g , u se d fo r th e
fa ll-d o w n le a f o f sm a llta b le s a n d sim ila r
a rticle s.
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Types of Hinges
• Card table hinge.
• This is let into the edges of the table, so that
all is flush or level both above and below
the surface.
•C e n te r o r Pivo t H in g e
u se d o n th e to p a n d b o tto m o f w a rd ro b e
d o o rs, m o re p a rticu la rly th e in te rio r d o o r o f
a th re e - w in g e d w a rd ro b e w h e re th e
m e th o d o f fixin g is co n fin e d to th e co rn ice
a n d p lin th . T h e fla n g e ca rryin g th e p in s o r
p ivo t is le t in to th e to p a n d b o tto m o f th e
d o o r, th e re m a in in g fla n g e b e in g le t in to
th e co rn ice a n d p lin th re sp e ctive ly.
C o n ce a le d h in g e
U se d to h in g e cu p b o a rd d o o rs so th a t th e y a re n o t
exte rn a lly visib le .
M o st typ e s re q u ire a la rg e h o le ( typ ica lly 3 5 m m d ia ) in
th e d o o r fo r th e b o d y to fit in to .
Fin g e r Jo in t H in g e .
O u tsid e h in g e in g a n d se ctio n
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Nails
• A nail is a pin-shaped, sharp object of hard metal, typically steel, used to fasten
things together (usually wood).
• Early buildings were assembled with pegs
• Pegs were gradually replaced by square (hand cut) nails.
• With the invention of nail making machines, wire nails became available.
• Modern wooden buildings are assembled using nails, threaded
fasteners, and glues/adhesives.
•
• Basic considerations of selecting
nails Nails are divided
Nail Size into 5 common
types:
•Nails are sold by weight or length. 1.Common
•Wood nails are measured, or sized, 2.Box
according to length. 3.Duplex
•Nails generally are 1" to 6" in length, 4.Roofing
usually getting thicker as they get
5.Deformed shank
longer.
•Nails larger than 6" are sometimes
called spikes.
12/10/09 By:Ar Meera P S 33
considerations of selecting nails
Styles
• Nail points vary, but the four-sided diamond point is the standard point found
on most nails.
•
• Nail heads also vary. Smaller heads can be driven in and painted over. Large
framing nails have corrugated heads to reduce the danger of a hammer slipping
and causing injury or damage.
•
• Regular wood nails are often referred to as wire nails.
•
Material
•
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considerations of selecting nails
•
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N a ils a re d ivid e d ØNails are sized according to Penny number, 2d to
in to 5
co m m o n 40d.
typ e s: ØPenny originally referred to the number of that size
v C om m on
of nail that could be bought for a penny.
v B ox ØToday it is the reference to diameter and length.
v D u p lex ØThe larger the number the larger the nail.
v R o o fin g
v D e fo rm e d sh a n k
Roofing nails
Slot Type
Common types of screws
•Slotted — the conventional single-groove screw
head, applied with a flathead screwdriver.
•
•Phillips — cross-slotted screwheads withU or
•V-Shaped slots of uniform width. Driven with a
Phillips screwdriver, they're used in woodworking
and drywall installation. Two types of screw head slots
•
•Other head types such as Torx™ or Robertson require special drivers and
are commonly used in electronics, metal or automotive applications.
A sta n d a rd b o lt h a s a h ex h e a d a n d a sm o o th
sh o u ld e r a re a b e yo n d th e sta n d a rd a m o u n t o f
th re a d in g . S h o rte r le n g th s a re fu lly th re a d e d .
Lock washers are designed to prevent the nut from loosening itself by applying back
pressure.
Common types:
Split
Internal tooth
External tooth
C a rp e n te rs Fra m in g Trisq u a re
b e ve l sq u a re
W ood
p o rin g
ch ise l
B lo ck
p la n e
H a rd Lo ckin g p lie rs
sa w
Plie rs
12/10/09 By:Ar Meera P S 48
C h ise la n d
ham m er
C u ttin g to o ls