What is it It causes disintegration of rock when salt solution seeps into the rock and evaporates leaving crystals. Salt crystallization may also take place when solutions decompose rocks (e.g. limestone and chalk) to form salt solutions of sodium sulphate which can expand by 300% or sodium carbonate of which the moisture evaporates to form their respective salt crystals.
Where does it happen It normally happens in arid climates and coastal areas where evaporation can take place particular in pores, sedimentary rocks like limestone. In the desert salts that are not removed collect in inland drainage basins.