Hydration and

Oxidation
Hydration
Certain minerals in porus rocks such as
limestone, cause the rock to absorb water
and expand.
This causes the rocks to grow in size which
exerts pressure and causes the chemical
structure to change. Eg. Anhydrate is
changed to Gypsum.
CaSO4 + 2H2O -> CaSO4 .2H2O
(Anhydrite) (Gypsum)

Oxidation
This occurs when iron compounds within
rock, reacts with oxygen to produce a
reddish brown coating.
This weakens the rock.
It is better known as rusting.