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ADDIE Instructional Design

Samantha Hasting
Lander University








Education 636
Dr. Murphy
September 12, 2014


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ADDIE Instructional Design
Our world is forever changing and reshaping. As technology becomes more advanced,
the professionals in various workforce related fields have seen reason to modify training and
courses to envelope new ideas and technology. To help with planning these trainings and
courses, an instructional design system that has remained popular since World War II, is the
ADDIE system. The ADDIE acronym stands for the pieces of the system, analysis, design,
development, implementation, and evaluation (Shibley, Amaral, Shank, & Shibley, 2011).
Through these various tasks of designing instruction, progressive outcomes have been made in
educational entities. The process of ADDIE has and can be used in a variety of ways, such as a
guide to creating a training or educational course and has been used by the United States
military to create said trainings (Clark, 2014).
The first letter of the acronym, ADDIE, stands for analysis. Clark (2014) describes
analysis as the groundwork of the system. During analysis, the problem or theme is identified
and lays the basis for the rest of the phases. Shibley, Amaral, Shank, and Shibley (2011) define
analysis from an educational standpoint by identifying learning objectives and student
characteristics in this phase. Following the first phase is the design phase. In this particular
phase, the ideas from analysis are put into practice. Shibley et. al. (2011) distinguishes the
design phase as the identification of instructional strategies that are put into place for the
course. Clarks (2014) idea of the design phase includes the creation of blueprints and plans
that will be used in the next phase of development. The phase, development, is just that: the
development of the plans. In the executive world, development encompasses the software,
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performance aids, videos, etc. (Clark, 2014). In the education world, lesson outlines, topic
guides, and assignments make up the development aspect of the ADDIE model (Shibley et. al.,
2011). Implementation happens as the course, training, or ideas are put into practice. This has
been termed the learning platform (Clark). The process of planning, design of the course, and
development of the materials are carried out during the implementation phase (What is
Instructional Design?, n.d.). The last phase of the ADDIE instructional design system is the
evaluation of the plan. Evaluation is actually a continuous process throughout the plan. As
assignments take place and materials are used, assessments can be taken on the effectiveness
and importance of the overall plan, modified, and reintroduced during implementation to make
a better product (Clark). Evaluation is especially crucial in the education world as teachers
assess whether learning is taking place and what needs to be changed to ensure that students
are learning to the best of their abilities.
The ADDIE instructional design system has long been executed as a project management
tool (What is Instructional Design?, n.d.). The five stages are used to break down tasks into
smaller, and more manageable, jobs. Because the uses of the system are so diverse, ADDIE can
be implemented into numerous bodies. Although the major uses of ADDIE are as a process
model for education or business projects, it can also be used to break down a problem in a
detailed context (Clark, 2014). Overall, the ADDIE system is a helpful tool that can be used
across the board to develop projects and/or problems.


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References
Clark, D. (2014). ADDIE Timeline. Retrieved on September 12, 2014, from
http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/history_isd/addie.html.
Shibley, I., Amaral, K., Shank, J., & Shibley, L. (2011). Designing a Blended Course: Using ADDIE
to Guide Instructional Design. Journal of College Science Teaching, 40(6), 80-85.
What is Instructional Design? (n.d.). Retrieved on September 10, 2014, from
http://raleighway.com/addie/index.htm.