2-1: Atoms

The basic unit of matter is the _____________. Atoms are very ___________________. Atoms
are composed of 3 subatomic particles: ______________________, ____________________,
________________________. __________________ & _______________ have about the same mass.
Protons are ___________________ charges, while ____________________ have no charge.
Strong forces bind the protons and neutrons together to form the __________________ of
the atom. The __________________ is a negatively charged particle with 1/1840 the
mass of a proton. Electrons are in constant _______________ in the space surrounding
the nucleus. Because atoms have equal numbers of electrons and protons, and
because these ________________ particles have equal but opposite charges, atoms are
___________________.

Elements & Isotopes

A chemical __________________ is a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of
atom. They are represented by one or two letter _______________ (ex: C=carbon,
H=hydrogen, Na=sodium, Fe=iron). The _________________ _______________ of an element
corresponds to the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom of the element.
Carbons atomic number is 6, meaning that each atom of carbon has _____ protons
and _______ electrons.

Atoms of an element can have different numbers of ______________ and these are
known as __________________. The sum of ______________ and _________________ in the
nucleus of an atom is called its mass number. Because they have the same number
of ________________, all isotopes of an element have the same chemical
______________________. Some isotopes are _____________________, meaning that their nuclei
are unstable and break down at a constant rate over time.

Chemical Compounds & Chemical Bonds

A _________________ is formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in
definite proportion. Atoms in compounds are held together by chemical _____________.
An _______________ bond is one with which electrons are transferred from one atom to
another. An atom that loses an ________________ has a positive charge and an atom that
_______________ an electron has a negative charge. These positively and negatively
charged atoms are called ________________. ____________________ bonds form when
electrons are shared between atoms. _______________ are the smallest unit of most
compounds. When molecules are close together, a slight attraction can develop
between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules and these are called
______ _______ ____________ ________________.




Type of Bond
Behavior of
electron
Bonds form
between? Example
Covalent
Ionic
van der Waals
forces