9

Tabel 2.1. komponen senyawa kimia yang diisolasi dari beberapa spesies Selaginella

Senyawa kimia golongan Spesies Referensi
Hordenine Alkaloid S. doederleinii Chao et al. (1987)
Hordenine-[6-O-(4-hydroxy-cinnamoyl)--
D-glucosyl]-(1,3)--L-rhamnoside
Alkaloid S. doederleinii Chao et al. (1990)
Hordenine-O-(6-O-trans-cinnamoyl)-4-O-
-D-glucopyranosyl--L-rhamnopyranoside
Alkaloid S. doederleinii Chao et al. (1987)
Hordenine-O--L-rhamnopyranoside Alkaloid S. doederleinii Chao et al. (1987)
N-methyltyramine-O--L-rhamnoside Alkaloid S. doederleinii Chao et al. (1987)
Selaginellic acid Alkaloid S. moellendorfii Wang et al. (2009)
5-Hydroxyselaginellic acid Alkaloid S. moellendorfii Wang et al. (2009)
5-Hydroxy-N8,N8-
dimethylpseudophrynaminol
Alkaloid S. moellendorfii Wang et al. (2009)
N-Selaginelloyl-L-phenylalanine Alkaloid S. moellendorfii Wang et al. (2009)
N-(5-Hydroxyselaginelloyl)-L-
phenylalanine
Alkaloid S. moellendorfii Wang et al. (2009)
Neoselaginellic acid Alkaloid S. moellendorfii Wang et al. (2009)
N-(5-Hydroxyneoselaginelloyl)-L-
phenylalanine
Alkaloid S. moellendorfii Wang et al. (2009)
Adenosine Alkaloid S. tamariscina Zheng et al. (2004b)
Guanosine Alkaloid S. tamariscina Zheng et al. (2004b)
Arbutin Benzenoid
4-Hydroxy-benzoic acid Benzenoid
10

Senyawa kimia golongan Spesies Referensi
Vanillic acid Benzenoid
Syringic acid Benzenoid
Selaginose karbohidrat
S. adunca
S. asperula
S. epirrhizos
S. galeotti
S. geniculata
S. kraussiana
S. marginata
S. parkeri
S. plumosa
S. sanguinolenta
S. stellata
S. sulcata
Fischer and Kandler (1975)

2-Carboxy-arabinitol
karbohidrat
S. mertensii Moore et al. (1993)
Mycose
karbohidrat
S. pulvinata Zheng et al. (2001)
8-Methyl-eugenitol Chromone S. uncinata Ma et al. (2002, 2003)
Uncinoside A Chromone S. uncinata Ma et al. (2002, 2003)
Uncinoside B Chromone S. uncinata Ma et al. (2002, 2003)
Isopimpinellin Kumarin
S. doederleinii
S. moellendorfii
Chen et al. (1995)
Che and Yu (1986)
Umbelliferone Kumarin S. tamariscina Bi et al. (2004)
3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydroxy
coumarin
Kumarin S. tamariscina Liu et al. (2010)
11

Senyawa kimia golongan Spesies Referensi
Amentoflavone Flavonoid
S. braunii
S. davidii
S. delicatula
S. denticulata
S. kraussiana
S. moellendorfii
S. pulvinata
S. rupestris
S. sanguinolenta
S. selaginoides
S. sinensis
S. stauntoniana
S. tamariscina
S. uncinata
S. willdenowii
Ma et al. (2001)
Ma et al. (2001)
Lin et al. (2000)
Lopez-Saez et al. (1994a)
Qasim et al. (1985)
Sun et al. (1997)
Ma et al. (2001)
Chanravarthy et al. 1981)
Huneck and Khaidav (1985)
Lopez-Saez et al. (1994b)
Ma et al. (2001)
Ma et al. (2001)
Lee et al. (1992)
Ma et al. (2003)
Silva et al. (1995)
2,3-Dihydroamentoflavone Flavonoid S. bryopteris Kunert et al. (2008)
2,3-Dihydroamentoflavone Flavonoid S. bryopteris Kunert et al. (2008)
Tetrahydro-amentoflavone Flavonoid S. bryopteris Kunert et al. (2008)
Amentoflavone-7,4,7,4-tetramethylether Flavonoid S. moellendorfii Cao et al. (2010a)
4,7-Di-O-methyl-amentoflavone Flavonoid
S. sinensis
S. willdenowii
Ma et al. (2001)
Silva et al. (1995)
7,7-Di-O-methyl-amentoflavone Flavonoid S. doederleinii Lin et al. (1994)
4,4,7,7-Tetra-O-methyl-amentoflavone Flavonoid S. doederleinii
Lin et al. (1994)
Sun et al. (1995)
7,4,7,4-tetramethylether-amentoflavone Flavonoid S. moellendorfiii Sun et al. (1995)
12

Senyawa kimia golongan Spesies Referensi
Apigenin Flavonoid S. moellendorfiii Chen et al. (1995)
Apigenin-7-O--neohesperidoside Flavonoid S. doederleinii Feng et al. (2011)
Apigenin-8-C- -D-glucopyranoside Flavonoid S. moellendorfii Feng et al. (2011)
6,8-Di-C--D-glucopyranosyl-apigenin Flavonoid S. moellendorfii Zhu et al. (2008)
6-C--D-Glucopyranosyl-8-C--D-
xylopyranosyl-apigenin
Flavonoid S. moellendorfii Zhu et al. (2008)
6-C--D-Xylopyranosyl-8-C--D-
glucopyranosyl-apigenin
Flavonoid S. moellendorfii Zhu et al. (2008)
6-(2-Hydroxy-5-acetylphenyl)-apigenin Flavonoid S. moellendorfii Liu et al. (2009, 2010)
6-(5-Carboxyl-2-methoxyphenyl)-apigenin Flavonoid S. tamariscina Zheng et al. (2008)
2,8-Biapigenin Flavonoid S. uncinata Lee et al. (2008)
2,3-Dihydro-3,3-biapigenin Flavonoid S. tamariscina Xu et al. (2009)
Bilobetin Flavonoid S. labordei Silva et al. (1995)
Chamaecyparin Flavonoid
S. willdenowii
S. difusa
S. stellata
Meurer-Grimes et al. (1999)
Chrysoeriol Flavonoid S. moellendorfii Cao et al. (2010a)
Cryptomerin B Flavonoid
S. denticulate
S. tamariscina
Lopez-Saez et al. (1994a)
Shin and Kim (1991)
Delicaflavone Flavonoid S. denticulate Lin and Chou (2000)
Genistin Flavonoid S. sinensis Dai et al. (2001)
13

Senyawa kimia golongan Spesies Referensi
Ginkgetin Flavonoid
S. moellendorfii
S. sinensis
Sun et al. (1997)
Dai et al. (2001)
Heveaflavone Flavonoid
S. doederleinii
S. lepidophylla
Lin et al. (1994)
Qasim et al. (1985)
Hinokiflavone Flavonoid
S. denticulate

S. kraussiana
S. selaginoides
S. uncinata
Lopez-Saez et al. (1994a,
1995)
Qasim et al. (1985)
Lopez-Saez et al. (1994b)
Ma et al. (2003)
2,3-Dihydrohinokiflavone Flavonoid S. bryopteris Kunert et al. (2008)
2,3-Dihydrohinokiflavone Flavonoid S. bryopteris Kunert et al. (2008)
Tetrahydro-hinokiflavone Flavonoid S. bryopteris Kunert et al. (2008)
Tetra-O-methyl-hinokiflavone Flavonoid S. bryopteris Kunert et al. (2008)
Isocryptomerin Flavonoid
S. denticulate
S. tamariscina
S. willdenowii
Lopez-Saez et al. (1994a)
Shin and Kim (1991)
Silva et al. (1995)
2,3-Dihydro-isocryptomerin Flavonoid S. delicatula Lin and Chou (2000)
2,3-Dihydro-isocryptomerin Flavonoid S. willdenowii Silva et al. (1995)
Kayaflavone Flavonoid S. moellendorfii Sun et al. (1997)
Robustaflavone Flavonoid
S. delicatula
S. delicatula
S. lepidophylla
S. selaginoides
S. sinensis
S. willdenowii
Lin et al. (2000)
Lopez-Saez et al. (1994a)
Qasim et al. (1985)
Lopez-Saez et al. (1994b)
Ma et al. (2001)
Silva et al. (1995)
14

Senyawa kimia golongan Spesies Referensi
Lanaroflavone Flavonoid S. bryopteris Kunert et al. (2008)
Podocarpusflavone A Flavonoid S. moellendorfii Sun et al. (1995)
2,3-Dihydro-robustaflavone Flavonoid S. lepidophylla Aguilar et al. (2008)
2,3-Dihydro-5-methylether-robustaflavone Flavonoid S. lepidophylla Aguilar et al. (2008)
2,3-Dihydro-4,7,7-trimethylether-
robustaflavone
Flavonoid S. delicatula Lin et al. (2000)
2,3-Dihydro-4,7,7-trimethylether-
robustaflavone
Flavonoid S. delicatula Lin and Chou (2000)
2,3-Dihydro-4,7,-dimethylether-
robustaflavone
Flavonoid S. delicatula Lin et al. (2000)
4,7-Dimethylether-robustaflavone Flavonoid S. delicatula Lin et al. (2000)
4-Methylether-robustaflavone Flavonoid
S. delicatula
S. doederleinii
Lin et al. (2000)
Lee et al. (2008)
7-O-Methyl-robustaflavone Flavonoid
S. sinensis
S. willdenowii
Ma et al. (2001)
Silva et al. (1995)
2,2'',3,3''-Tetrahydro-4',7,7''-trimethylether-
robustaflavone
Flavonoid S. doederleinii Lee et al. (2008)
4,7,7''-Trimethylether-robustaflavone Flavonoid S. doederleinii Lee et al. (2008)
Sciadopitysin Flavonoid S. bryopteris Kunert et al. (2008)
Sequoiaflavone Flavonoid S. bryopteris Kunert et al. (2008)
Sotetsuflavone Flavonoid S. denticulate Lopez-Saez et al. (1994a)
Sumaflavone Flavonoid S. tamariscina Yang et al. (2006)
2,3-Dihydro-5,5,7,7,4-pentahydroxy-
6,6-dimethyl-[3-O-4]-biflavone
Flavonoid S. labordei Xu et al. (2009)
2,3-Dihydroochnaflavone Flavonoid S. labordei Xu et al. (2009)
15

Senyawa kimia Golongan Spesies Referensi
5-Carboxymethyl-4-hydroxyflavone-7-O-
-D-glucopyranoside
Flavonoid S. moellendorfii Zhu et al. (2008)
Taiwaniaflavone Flavonoid S. tamariscina Lee et al. (2008)
5-Carboxymethyl-4,7-dihydroxyflavone Flavonoid S. moellendorfii Cao et al. (2010a)
[7-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-
4H-chromen-5-yl]-acetic acid ethyl ester
Flavonoid S. moellendorfii Cao et al. (2010a)
[7-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-
4H-chromen-5-yl]-acetic acid butyl ester
Flavonoid S. moellendorfii Cao et al. (2010a)
5-Acethyl-dihydro-2-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-
hydroxy-phenyl)-7-methoxybenzofuran
Lignan S. tamariscina Zheng et al. (2004b)
(-)-Lirioresinol A Lignan S. doederleinii Lin et al. (1994)
(-)-Lirioresinol B Lignan S. doederleinii Lin et al. (1994)
(+)-Matairesinol Lignan S. doederleinii Lin et al. (1994)
Moellenoside A Lignan S. moellendorfii Zheng et al. (2008)
Moellenoside B Lignan S. moellendorfii Feng et al. (2011)
(-)-Nortracheloside Lignan S. doederleinii Lin et al. (1994)
Pinoresinol diglucoside Lignan S. sinensis Dai et al. (2001)
Sinesiol A Lignan S. sinensis Wang et al. (2007)
Syringaresinol Lignan S. tamariscina Bi et al. (2004)
Tamariscinoside B Lignan S. tamariscina Zheng et al. (2004b)
Tamariscinoside C Lignan S. tamariscina Zheng et al. (2004b)
16

Senyawa kimia Golongan Spesies Referensi
(+)-Wilkstromol Lignan S. doederleinii Lin et al. (1994)
2,4-Dihydroxy-3-methylenehydroxy-5-
methoxy-tetrahydrofuran
Oksigen heterosiklik S. lepidophylla Perez et al. (1994)
Caffeic acid Phenylpropanoid S. tamariscina Bi et al. (2004)
Ferulic acid Phenylpropanoid S. tamariscina Bi et al. (2004)
Isochlorogenic acid A Phenylpropanoid S. delicatula Lin et al. (2000)
Isochlorogenic acid B Phenylpropanoid S. delicatula Lin et al. (2000)
Isochlorogenic acid C Phenylpropanoid S. delicatula Lin et al. (2000)
3-Hydroxy-1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-
hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one
Phenylpropanoid S. doederleinii Lin et al. (1994)
3-Hydroxy-1-(3-methoxy-4-
hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one
Phenylpropanoid S. doederleinii Lin et al. (1994)
Tamariscine ester A Phenylpropanoid S. tamariscina Bi et al. (2004)
Selaginellin
Pigmen
S. sinensis Zhang et al. (2007)
Selaginellin A
Pigmen
S. tamariscina Cheng et al. (2008)
Selaginellin B
Pigmen
S. tamariscina Cheng et al. (2008)
Selaginellin C
Pigmen
S. pulvinata Tan et al. (2009)
Selaginellin D
Pigmen
S. pulvinata Cao et al. (2010b)
Selaginellin E
Pigmen
S. pulvinata Cao et al. (2010b)
Selaginellin F
Pigmen
S. pulvinata Cao et al. (2010b)
17

Senyawa kimia Golongan Spesies Referensi
Selaginellin G Pigmen S. pulvinata Cao et al. (2010c)
Selaginellin H Pigmen S. pulvinata Cao et al. (2010c)
Chrysophanic acid Quinoid S. stauntoniana Liu et al. (2004)
Emodin Quinoid S. stauntoniana Liu et al. (2004)
1-Methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone Quinoid S. tamariscina Liu et al. (2010)
Physcion Quinoid S. stauntoniana Liu et al. (2004)
Cholesterol Steroid
S. delicatula;
S. doederleinii
Chiu et al. (1988)
22-Dehydrocampesterol Steroid
S. delicatula;
S. doederleinii
Chiu et al. (1988)
3-16-Dihydroxy-(5)-cholestan-21-oic
acid
Steroid S. pulvinata Zheng et al. (2007)
24-Ethyl-cholest-5-en-3-ol Steroid
S. delicatula;
S. doederleinii
Chiu et al. (1988)
24-Methyl-cholest-5-en-3-ol Steroid
S. delicatula;
S. doederleinii
Chiu et al. (1988)
24-Methyl-cholest-5-en-3-ol Steroid
S. delicatula;
S. doederleinii
Chiu et al. (1988)
24-Ethyl-cholesta-5,22-dien-3-ol Steroid
S. delicatula;
S. doederleinii
Chiu et al. (1988)
-Sitosterol Steroid
S. doederleinii
S. moellendorfii
S. pulvinata
Chen et al. (1995)
Che and Yu (1986)
Zheng et al. (2001)
Sumber: Almeida et al (2013).
18


Tabel 2.2. Keanekaragaman senyawa biflafonoid pada beberapa spesies Selaginella dan bioaktivitasnya.

Spesies Pelarut Senyawa Bioaktivitas
S. doederleinii H
2
O mendidih (Lee
dan Lin 1988); EtOH
(Lin dkk., 1994)
Amentoflavon, 7,7''-di-O-
metilamentoflavon, 7,4',7'',4'''-tetra-O-
metilamentoflavon, heveaflavon (Lin
dkk., 1994)
Anti mutagenik moderat (Lee dan Lin
1988), sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker L
929 (Lin dkk., 1994) dan kanker
(cholangiocarcinoma), tetapi
kemungkinan mengandung senyawa
tertentu yang menekan kondisi sumsum
tulang (Pan dkk., 2001); juga bersifat
S. delicatula - Robustaflavon 7,4',4'''-trimetil eter;
robustaflavon 4',4'''-dimetil eter; 2,3-
dihidroamentoflavon 7,4',7''-trimetil eter;
2,3-dihidroamentoflavon 7,4'-dimetil eter;
2'',3''-dihidroisokriptomerin 7-metil eter
(Chen dkk., 2005b); robustaflavon 4'-
metil eter; robustaflavon 7,4'-dimetil eter;
2",3"-dihidrorobustaflavon 7,4',-dimetil
eter; 2",3" '-dihidrorobustaflavon 7,4', 7"-
trimetil eter; robustaflavon; amentoflavon
(Lin dkk., 2000);
Sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker P-388
dan HT-29 (Chen dkk., 2005b), sel
kanker Raji dan Calu-1, serta sel
limfoma dan leukemia (Lin dkk., 2000)
S. denticulata - Robustaflavon (Lopez-Saez dkk., 1994) -
S. articulata - - Menetralkan pendarahan dan
menghambat aktivitas proteolisis
racun ular terhadap kasein (Otero
dkk., 2000)
19

S. bryopteris H
2
O (Sah dkk.,
2005)
Amentoflavon, hinokiflavon (Swamy
dkk., 2006)
Membantu pertanaman sel dan
melindungi tubuh dari cekaman
radikal bebas hidrogen peroksida
(Sah dkk., 2005)
S. labordei - - Antioksidan yakni menghambat
ekspresi gen COX-2 pada sel kanker
usus besar (Chen dkk., 2005b).
S. tamarascina H
2
O, n-BuOH
(Zheng dkk., 2006)
EtOAc (Jung dkk.,
2006, 2007); MeOH
(Lee dkk., 2008);
EtOH (Dai dkk.,
2005); H
2
O, pelarut
organik (Lee dkk.,
1999); EtOAc, n-
BuOH (Yin dkk.,
2005); MeOH-
EtOAc (Kang dkk.,
1998)
Amentoflavon (Ogawa dkk., 1971;
Lee dkk.,. 1996; Blake, 2004; Kang
dkk., 2004; Woo dkk., 2005; Abla
dkk., 2006; Swamy dkk., 2006; Jung
dkk., 2006, 2007; Lee dkk., 2008);
sumaflavon (Yang dkk., 2005; Lee
dkk., 2008); robustaflavon (Yang dkk.,
2005); hinokiflavon (Ogawa dkk.,
1971; Abla dkk., 2006; Swamy dkk.,
2006); taiwaniaflavon (Pokharel, dkk.,
2006); 2',8''-biapigenin (Woo dkk.,
2006); isokriptomerin (Ogawa dkk.,
1971; Kang dkk., 1998; Abla dkk.,
2006).
Anti kanker (Kang dkk., 1998,
2001, 2004; Woo dkk., 2006; Jung
dkk., 2006, 2007); anti kanker
terhadap sel leukemia, mereduksi
pertanaman sel epithelium kanker,
tidak mempengaruhi limfosit
normal; serta kemopreventif
terhadap kanker lambung (Lee dkk.,
1999); menghambat aktivitas
fosfolipase C1 dan proliferasi sel
kanker (Lee dkk.,. 1996);
menghambat proliferasi sel
mesangial yang diaktivasi IL-1 dan
IL-6; Mengurangi produksi IL-1
dan TNF- (Kuo dkk., 1998);
Anti-inflamasi (Kang dkk., 1998;
Pokharel, dkk., 2006; Woo dkk.,
2005, 2006; Jung dkk., 2006, 2007);
mempengaruhi induksi iNOS dan
COX-2 pada makrofage RAW264.7
yang dirangsang lipopolisakarida
20

(Pokharel, dkk., 2006); menghambat
pembentukan NO dengan
menghambat kinerja
lipopolisakarida yang menginduksi
pembentukan NO (Yang dkk.,
2005); menghambat kinerja NF-B
dengan mengeblok degradasi I-B
(Woo dkk., 2005);
Antioksidan, menginduksi
apoptosis sel HL-60 yang diaktifkan
caspase (Ahn dkk., 2006)
Antifungi (Woo dkk., 2005; Jung
dkk., 2006, 2007)
Anti iradiasi UV, menghambat
aktivitas MMP-1 pada fibroblast
kulit setelah iradiasi UV (Lee dkk.,
2008)
Anti alergi (Dai dkk., 2005)
Memiliki aktivitas estrogenik
(Zheng dkk., 2006)
Memacu aktivitas vasorelaksan
(Kang dkk., 2004; Yin dkk., 2005)
Meningkatkan kadar insulin dan
menurunkan kadar gula darah
penderita diabetes (Miao dkk.,
1996);
Immunosuppressan dan analgesik
(Kang dkk., 1998; 2001)
21

Neuroprotektan (Han dkk., 2006)

S. moellendorffii EtOH (Sun dkk.,
1997; Su dkk., 2000)
Ginkgetin, amentoflavon 7,4',7",4"'-
tetrametil eter, kayaflavon,
podocarpusflavon A, amentoflavon
(Sun dkk., 1997; Su dkk., 2000)
Memiliki penghambatan moderat
terhadap sel kanker ovarian
adenocarcinoma (OVCAR-3)(Sun
dkk., 1997); anti-metastasis pada sel
kanker paru-paru A549 dan Lewis
lung carcinoma (LLC) (Yang dkk.,
2007); apoptosis akibat aktivasi
caspase oleh hidrogen peroksida (Su
dkk., 2000)
S. pallescens Kloroform-MeOH
(Rojas dkk., 1999)
- Antimikrobia moderat dan anti
spasmodik karena dapat
menghambat kontraksi spontan usus
ileum (Rojas dkk., 1999)
S. rupestris - Amentoflavon (Chakravarthy dkk.,
1981)
Antispasmodik terhadap usus ileum;
dan mampu memperkuat tekanan
jantung pada kasus nor-modinamik
dan hipodinamik (Chakravarthy
dkk., 1981)
S. sinensis. EtOH (Dai dkk.,
2006)
Amentoflavon (Ma dkk., 2001),
hinokiflavon; 2,3-dihidroamentoflavon
(Dai dkk., 2006)
Antivirus terhadap respiratory
syncytial virus (RSV) (Ma dkk.,
2001)
Sumber: Setyawan dan Darusman (2008)