Flood/Wilson Hydrodynamic Model - or - Tides, Currents and Datums in The Upper Hudson River

Roger Flood/Bob Wilson, SUNY Stony
Brook
1/31/2012
Flood/Wilson Hydrodynamic Model for
the Upper Hudson Estuary 1
Flood/Wilson Hydrodynamic
Model
-or-
Tides, Currents and Datums in
the Upper Hudson River
Roger Flood and Robert Wilson
School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences
Stony Brook University
Motivations and Interests (support from NYS-DEC):
Spatial and temporal variability in Hudson River tidal range
Uncertain tidal datums (e.g., MLLW) along river
Use model results to study processes and support planning
Tide range from United States
Coast Pilot and NOAA
Brook
1/31/2012
NOAA: Battery
Sandy Hook
ADCP stations
USGS: Hastings-on-Hudson
Piermont
West Point
Poughkeepsie
Albany
Green Island
(river discharge)
SoMAS: Bathymetry
Kingston
Tivoli
Catskill
Athens
Coxsackie
New Baltimore
Castleton
Troy
Data sources
Model Domain, Bathymetry and
Flow Data
Model Characteristics:
ROMS (2D & 3D)
Curviliniar grid, x ~300m
Model Inputs:
Tide at The Battery
Flow at Green Island
Salinity at Battery (3D)
Model Outputs:
Elevation
U, V Speed
Verification:
Water elevation
Flow speed
Brook
1/31/2012
Brook
1/31/2012
Battery Troy
Tide Wave Propagation along the Hudson River
(measured, 2006)
1) Mean sea level varies
on shorter and longer
time scales.
2) Water level records
need to be referenced
to NAVD 88.
Brook
1/31/2012
Referenced to MSL Referenced to NAVD 88
NOAA-style Tidal Datums in the Hudson River
MHHW, MHW
MSL, MTL, DTL
MLW, MLLW
Percent of Time River Bed is Dry
Salt
Front
Brook
1/31/2012
Salt
Front
Salt
Front
Percent of Time Flow is Lower than Value
Brook
1/31/2012
Hurricane Ernesto (Sep. 2006) in the Hudson Estuary
Brook
1/31/2012
Maximum total elevation
Predicted high tide
Maximum residual
Hurricane Ernesto (Sep. 2006) in the Hudson Estuary
An extratropical cyclone (Oct. 2006) in the Hudson Estuary
Brook
1/31/2012
Predicted high tide
Maximum residual
An extratropical cyclone (Oct. 2006) in the Hudson Estuary
Hurricane Irene (Aug. 2011) in the Hudson Estuary
Brook
1/31/2012
Predicted high tide
Maximum residual
Hurricane Irene (Aug. 2011) in the Hudson Estuary
| | | |
2
u u
h
C
u u
h
C
x
g
x
u
u
t
u
d d
0 =
x
u
h
t
Fu
x
g
t
u

h
U C
F
d
3
8
=
x x
r i
e x k t A e x k t A

) cos( ) cos( + + = + =

0 ) ) ( (
1
= +
u h b
x b t

| |
1
u u C
h x
g
x
u
u
t
u
d
0
) ( 1 ) ( 1
=
x
u b
b x
bhu
b t

One dimensional model in an elongated channel
Linearized continuity and momentum equations
Continuity and momentum equations with nonlinear terms
Analytical solution:
Incident wave Reflected wave
(1) u
(2) uu (4) u|u| (3) u|u|
Brook
1/31/2012
Summary
Water level along the Hudson River is affected by tides, river
flow and channel morphology.
Nonlinear terms and tide can significantly amplify and reshape
the surge.
The surge whose peak occurs at slack during flood is as
dangerous as the surge whose peak occurs at high tide.
The storm surge can be significantly amplified in a convergent
channel.
The river pulse can be significantly amplified in a divergent
channel and in a deepening channel.
The longer the storm surge or the river pulse, the more
dangerous!
Brook
1/31/2012
-74.5 -74 -73.5 -73
40.5
41
41.5
42
42.5
Longitude
L
a
t
i
t
u
d
e
Sandy Hook (-27 km)
Battery (0 km)
Piermont (40 km)
West Point (83 km)
Kingston (146 km)
Athens (190 km)
Albany (233 km)
A: Battery
Sandy Hook
ADCP stations
USGS: Hastings-on-Hudson
Piermont
West Point
Poughkeepsie
Albany
Green Island (river discharge)
SoMAS:
Kingston
Tivoli
Catskill
Athens
Coxsackie
New Baltimore
Castleton
Troy
Data sources
Brook
1/31/2012
Brook
1/31/2012
Brook
1/31/2012
40.5 41 41.5 42 42.5 43
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Latitude
e
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
e
H
a
s
t
i
n
g
s
e
U
p
p
e
r
-
N
y
a
c
k
e
O
s
s
i
n
i
n
g
e
V
e
r
p
l
a
n
c
k
e
W
e
s
t
-
P
o
i
n
t
e
C
o
r
n
w
a
l
l
e
P
o
u
g
h
k
e
e
p
s
i
e
e
S
a
u
g
e
r
t
i
e
s
e
D
u
c
k
-
C
o
v
e
e
A
t
h
e
n
s
e
N
o
r
r
i
e
e
K
i
n
g
s
t
o
n
e
T
i
v
o
l
i
e
C
o
x
s
a
c
k
i
e
e
N
e
w
-
B
a
l
t
i
m
o
r
e
e
C
a
s
t
l
e
t
o
n
e
A
l
b
a
n
y
e
T
r
o
y
e
P
i
e
r
4
0
e
G
W
B
g
e
P
i
e
r
m
o
n
t
e
S
c
h
o
d
a
c
k
Elevation-2001-MAY river = 348 m
3
/s
Elevation-2006-SEP river = 200 m
3
/s
Elevation-2009-JUL river = 396 m
3
/s
3
/s
Brook
1/31/2012
40.5 41 41.5 42 42.5 43
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
Latitude
e
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
e
H
a
s
t
i
n
g
s
e
U
p
p
e
r
-
N
y
a
c
k
e
O
s
s
i
n
i
n
g
e
V
e
r
p
l
a
n
c
k
e
W
e
s
t
-
P
o
i
n
t
e
C
o
r
n
w
a
l
l
e
P
o
u
g
h
k
e
e
p
s
i
e
e
S
a
u
g
e
r
t
i
e
s
e
D
u
c
k
-
C
o
v
e
e
A
t
h
e
n
s
e
N
o
r
r
i
e
e
K
i
n
g
s
t
o
n
e
T
i
v
o
l
i
e
C
o
x
s
a
c
k
i
e
e
N
e
w
-
B
a
l
t
i
m
o
r
e
e
C
a
s
t
l
e
t
o
n
e
A
l
b
a
n
y
e
T
r
o
y
e
P
i
e
r
4
0
e
G
W
B
g
e
P
i
e
r
m
o
n
t
e
S
c
h
o
d
a
c
k
3
/s
3
/s
3
/s
3
/s
40.5 41 41.5 42 42.5 43
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
Latitude
e
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
e
H
a
s
t
i
n
g
s
e
U
p
p
e
r
-
N
y
a
c
k
e
O
s
s
i
n
i
n
g
e
V
e
r
p
l
a
n
c
k
e
W
e
s
t
-
P
o
i
n
t
e
C
o
r
n
w
a
l
l
e
P
o
u
g
h
k
e
e
p
s
i
e
e
S
a
u
g
e
r
t
i
e
s
e
D
u
c
k
-
C
o
v
e
e
A
t
h
e
n
s
e
N
o
r
r
i
e
e
K
i
n
g
s
t
o
n
e
T
i
v
o
l
i
e
C
o
x
s
a
c
k
i
e
e
N
e
w
-
B
a
l
t
i
m
o
r
e
e
C
a
s
t
l
e
t
o
n
e
A
l
b
a
n
y
e
T
r
o
y
e
P
i
e
r
4
0
e
G
W
B
g
e
P
i
e
r
m
o
n
t
e
S
c
h
o
d
a
c
k
3
/s
3
/s
3
/s
3
/s
Brook
1/31/2012
Brook
1/31/2012

Flood/Wilson Hydrodynamic Model - or - Tides, Currents and Datums in The Upper Hudson River

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Flood/Wilson Hydrodynamic Model - or - Tides, Currents and Datums in The Upper Hudson River

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Roger Flood/Bob Wilson, SUNY Stony

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