Introduction to Geographic

Information Systems, Google Earth

and Global Positioning Systems
Julius M. Bagate
jules.bangate@gmail.com
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'ontents

*efinition of GIS

GIS +pplication E,amples

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+ basic fact

-e deal &ith information daily

+ppro,imately .# / .0 1 of the information &e

deal &ith has a spatial component.

(2'+3I24 M+33ES
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Model of the -orld
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*efinition 5 GIS

+ny information system that

Integrates,

Stores,

Edits,

+naly6e,

Shares, and

*isplays ...GEOGRAPHIC INFORMAION

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*efinition / Geographic Information

Geographic Information is ...

Information about place on the Earth7s surface

8no&ledge about &here something is

9no&ledge about &hat is at a gi:en location

;Goodchild, $<<"=
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Geographic 'oordinate System

.. a coordinate system that enables e:ery location on

Earth to be specified by a set of numbers or letters.

+ common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude

and ele:ation.
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Geographic 'oordinate System
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Map Projections

Commonly a map projection is a systematic

transformation of the latitudes and longitudes of
locations on the surface of a sphere or an ellipsoid into
locations on a plane.

Map projections are necessary for creating maps.

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Map Projections
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)uestions GIS can ans&er

(ocation > -here is it?

'ondition... -hat is it?

Patterns .. @o& is it distributed?

3rends > -hat has changed since?

Modeling > -hat if?

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Aohn Sno&7s 'holera Map
httpBCC&&&.udel.eduCjohnmac8CfrecD.!CcholeraCcholera!.html
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2ther *efinitions of GIS
A container of maps in digital form The general public
A computerized tool for solving
geographic problems
Decision makers, community groups,
planners
A spatial decision support system Management scientists, operations
researchers
A mechanized inventory of
geographically distributed features
and facilities
Utility managers, transportation
ofcials, resource managers
A tool for revealing what is
otherwise invisible in geographic
information
Scientists, investigators
A tool for performing operations
on geographic data that are too
tedious or epensive or inaccurate if
performed by hand
!esource mangers, planners,
cartographers
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GIS +pplication E,amples
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GIS +pplication E,amples
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GIS +pplication E,amples
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GIS +pplication E,amples
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Parts of a GIS
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3as8s in a GIS
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GIS and 3echnology
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GIS and 3echnology
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GIS and 3echnology
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GIS and 3echnology

Google Earth

Google Maps

-i8iMapia

Microsoft Eirtual Earth ;Bing=

Fahoo Maps

2penStreetMap

-a6e
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2penStreetMap
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Google Map
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Google Earth
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2penStreetMap G*
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2SM Buildings
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-a6e
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GPS

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-

based satellite navigation system that provides
location and time information in all weather conditions,
anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an
unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS
satellites.[1]

The system provides critical capabilities to military, civil

and commercial users around the world. It is
maintained by the United States government and is
freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver.
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GPS
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GPS ecei:ers
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GPS on Mobile *e:ices
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GPS on Mobile *e:ices
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GPS on Mobile *e:ices
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