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Matrices and determinants

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[UNIT 01. MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS]
[QUESTIONS FROM CBSE BOARD PAPERS [1992-]

3 1
01. If A= -1 2 , show that A- 5A + 7I = 0. Hence find A
-1
.[CBSE 06]

02. Prove that 1+a 1 1
1 1+b 1 = abc( 1+ 1/a + 1/b+ 1/c)
1 1 1+c
03. Solve the following system of equations by Cramers rule:
2x+3y = 10,x+6y= 4.

04. Prove that a a+b a+b+c
2a 3a+2b 4a+3b+c = a.
3a 6a+3b 10a+6b+3c

05. If A = cos sin ,then verify that A . A = I.
-sin cos

06. If A = 7 0 and I = 1 0 , then find k so that A = 8A + kI.
-1 7 0 1
07. Without expanding the determinant show that a+b+c is a factor of the
determinant
a b c
b c a
c a b .

08. Solve the following system of equations by Cramers rule:
x-2y=4, -3x+5y+7 = 0.

09. If A= 0 -1 5 and B = 4 3
6 3 -4 1 0 show that (AB) = BA.
7 -6

10. Without expanding the determinant, prove that x+y x x
5x +4y 4x 2x = x
10x+8y 8x 3x
11. If A= 1
-5 and B = 3 1 -2 , verify that (AB) = BA.
7

12.Find a 2x2 matrix, B such that B 1 -2 = 6 0
1 4 0 6

Matrices and determinants
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13. Construct a 2x2 matrix a = [aij] , whose elements are given by aij= (i+2j)
2

14. Using determinants, find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (-2,4),
(2,-6) and (5,4 ). Are the given points collinear?

15. Define a symmetric matrix. Prove that for A= 1 2 , A + A is a symmetric
matrix where A is transpose of A. 3 4

16. Using determinants, find the area of the triangle with vertices (-3,5)
(3,-6)&(7,2).

17. Express the matrix A = 3 -4 as the sum of the symmetric and skew-
symmetric matrix. 1 -1

18. Compute the adjoint of the matrix A = 1 2 and verify that A.(adj A)= |A| I.
3 -5
19. For matrix -3 6 0
A = 4 -5 8 ,find 1(A- A), where A is the transpose of the
matrix A. 0 -7 -2 2

20. If A= 1 3 2 & B = 2 -1 -1 ,find a matrix C such that A + B+C is a
2 0 2 0 1 -1 zero matrix.

21. Construct a 2X3 matrix whose elements in the i
th
row and j
th
column are given
by i. aij = 3i- j , ii. 2i + 3j iii. (i-2j)
2 2 2
1 a b+c
22. Without expanding the determinant, prove that 1 b c+a = 0.
1 c a+b
23. If f(x) x-4x+1, find f(A) when A = 2 3 .
1 2 1/a a bc
24. Without expanding the determinant, prove that 1/b b ca = 0.
1/c c ab

25. Find a matrix X such that 2A+ B+ X = 0, where A= -1 2 and B = 3 -2 .
3 4 1 5

26. If A = i 0 and B = 0 i ,show that AB BA.
0 i i 0

27. If A = 2 3 ,prove that A A
T
is a skew symmetric where A
T
denotes the
4 5 transpose of A.

Matrices and determinants
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28. If A = 4 1 , prove that A + A
T
is a skew symmetric where A
T
denotes the
5 8 transpose of A.

-1
29. If A = 2 and B = -2 -1 - 4 , verify that (AB) = BA.
3

30.From the following equation, find the values of x and y:

2 x 5 + 3 4 = 7 14
7 y-3 1 2 15 14

0 ab ac
31.Using properties of determinants, evaluate ab 0 bc .
ac cb 0

32. Using properties of determinants show that
i. a+x y z ii. x y z
x a+y z = a(a+x+y+z) x y z = (x-y)(y-z)
x y a+z y+z z+x x+y (z-x)(x+y+z)

33. Find X such that X. -5 -7 = -16 -6
2 3 7 2

34.Solve by crammers rule: 5x-7y+z = 11, 6x-8y-z = 15, 3x+2y 6z =7.

35.Show that A = 5 3 satisfies the equation x-3x-7 = 0. Thus, find A
-1
.
-1 -2

36. Using properties of determinants show that:
i. 1 a a- bc ii. x+4 x x
1 b b-ca = 0. x x+4 x = 16(3x+4)
1 c c-ab x x x+4

iii. 1 x x
3
iv. a+b+c -c -b
1 y y
3
=(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)(x+y+z) -c b+c+a -a =2(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)
1 z z
3
-b -a c+a+b

37. If A = 3 2 verify A- 4A-I=0 where I= 1 0 &0= 0 0 hence find A
-1
.
2 1 0 1 0 0

38. Using cramers rule solve the following system of equations:
3x-2y = 5, x-3y+3 =0.

Matrices and determinants
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39. Using properties of determinants show that:
( i) a+b+2c a b ii) b+c c+a a+b a b c
c b+c+2a b = 2(a + b + c) c+a a+b b+c = 2 b c a
c a c+a+2b [D 2006] a+b b+c c+a c a b

iii. a-b-c 2a 2a iv. bc bc b+c
2b b-c-a 2b = (a +b +c) ca ca c+a = 0.
2c 2c c-a-b [CBSE D06] ab ab a+b

v. x+y x x vi. 1 x+y x+y vii. 43 3 6
5x+4y 4x 2x = x. 1 y+z y+ z =(x-y)(y-z)(z-x) 35 21 4 = 0
10x+8y 8x 3x 1 z +x z+ x 17 9 2

40. Solve the following system of equations by matrix method:

i. 3x + 4y + 7z = 14, 2x-y+ 3z = 4, x+ 2y 3z = 0

ii. 2x-z = 3, 5x+y = 7, y+3z = -1 iii. x+2y-3z = 6,3x+2y-2z = 3,2x- y+ z=2.

iv.x +y +z =1,x-2y+3z=2, x-3y+5z=3 v. x-y+z=3, 2x+y-z=2, -x-2y+2z= -1.

vi. x +y +z = 6,x+2y+3z=14,x+4y+7z=30

vii. x+2y-3z = -4, 2x+3y+2z = 2, 3x-3y-4z = 11

viii. 5x+3y+z=16, 2x+y+3z=19, x+2y+4z=25

ix. 2x+6y =2,3x-z=-8, 2x-y +z+3= 0.

x. 2 + 3 +10 = 4 , 4 - 6 +5 = 1 , 6 + 9 - 20 = 2
x y z x y z x y z

xi) 6x-12y+25z = 4, 4x+15y-20z= 3, 2x+18y+15z = 10

xii. x+2y+z=7, x+3z=11, 2x-3y=1 xiii. x +y +z= 3,x-2y+3z=2,2x-y+z=2[D06]
xiv. x+2y+z=1; 2x-y+z=5, 3x+y-z=0 xv.2x+y-3z=13; x+y-z=6; 2x-y+4z=-12
xvi. 2x-y+2z=3; 2x+y+z= -1; x-3y+2z = 6.xvii. 2x+y-z=6, x+3y-2z=7, x-y-z = 2.

41.If A = 1 -2 0
2 1 3 , find A
-1
. Using A
-1
, solve the following system of equations:
0 -2 1 x-2y= 10, 2x+y+3z=8, -2y+z= 7.



Matrices and determinants
Page 5 of 9

42. If A = 8 -4 1
10 0 6 , find A
-1
. Using A
-1
, solve the following system of equations:
8 1 6 8x-4y+z=5, 10x+6z=4, 8x+y+6z=5/2

1 2 2
43. If A = 2 1 2 ,find A
-1
and hence prove that A- 4A 5I = 0.
2 2 1

44. Find A
-1
if A = 0 1 1
1 0 1 . Also, show that A
-1
= A - 3I
1 1 0 2

45. Find A
-1
if A = 1 2 5 Hence ,find the following system of equations:
1 -1 -1 x+2y+5z=10, x-y-z+2=0, 2x+3y-z+11=0.
2 3 -1

46. If X = = cos A sin A , prove that X
n
= cos nA sin nA , nN
- sin A cos A - sin nA cos nA [CBSE 2004]

47. Using properties of determinants, prove that 1 1 1
r = (-)(-r)(r-)
r r

48. Using matrix method solve the following system of linear equations:
x + y -z = 1, 3x +y-2z= 3, x-y-z = -1 [ CBSE 2004]

1 2 2
49. If A = 2 1 2 , prove that A - 4A 5I = 0. [ CBSE 2004]
2 2 1

50. Using properties of dets/. prove that b+c c+a a+b
c+a c+b b+c = (a+b+c)
a+b b+c c+a (ab+ bc+ ca-a-b-c)
[ CBSE 2004]

51. If A = 1 2 , f(x) = x- 2x-3 , show that f(A)= 0. [ CBSE 05]
2 1
a+x a-x a-x
52. Using properties of determinants, solve for x: a-x a+x a-x = 0.
a-x a-x a+x [ CBSE 05]

53. Using matrix method solve the following system of linear equations:
x+y-z = 1, x-y z = -1, 3x+y-2z = 3. [ CBSE 05]
Matrices and determinants
Page 6 of 9

54. If A= cos i sin then prove by principle of Mathematical induction that
i sin cos ,
A
n
= cos n i sin n
i sin n cos n , nN. [ CBSE 05]

55. Using matrix method solve the following system of linear equations:
x+2y+z = 7, x+3z = 11, 2x - 3y = 1. [ CBSE 05]

56. Find the value of x, if 1 2 3 1
[ 1 x 1] 4 5 6 -2 = 0.
3 2 5 3 [ CBSE 05]

57. Express the matrix A = 1 3 5 as the sum o a symmetric and the skew
-6 8 3 symmetric matrix.
-4 6 5 [ CBSE 2006]

58. Using properties of determinants, prove the following:
3a -a+b -a+c
a-b 3b c-b = 3(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca) [ CBSE 2006]
a-c b-c 3c

59. Using matrices , solve the following system of equations
3x-y+z =5, 2x-2y+3z = 7, x+y-z = -1. [ CBSE 2006]

60. If A = 6 5 , show that A
2
12A + I = 0 . Hence find A
-1
. [ CBSE 06]
7 6

61. If a ,b and c are in A.P. show the following:
x+1 x+2 x+a
x+2 x+3 x+b = 0 [ CBSE 06]
x+3 x+4 x+ c
62. Using matrices , solve the following system of equations
X+2y-3z = 6, 3x+2y-2z = 3, 2x-y+z = 2. [ CBSE 2006]

63. If A = 3 2 find the values of a and b such that A
2
+ Aa + b = 0.
1 1 , hence find A
-1
. [ CBSE 06].

64. Using properties of determinats, prove the following:
1 1 1
a b c = (a-b)(b-c)(c-a) [ CBSE 06]
bc ca ab
65. Using matrices, solve the following system of equations
2x -y + z= 0, x+ y - z = 6, 3x y 4z = 7. [ CBSE 06]
Matrices and determinants
Page 7 of 9

66. Express the following matrices as the sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric
matrices.[ CBSE D2006]
1 3 5
-6 8 3
-4 6 5

67. Using properties of determinants, prove the following: .[CBSED 06]
a b c
a-b b-c c-a = a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
-3abc
b+c c+a a+b

68. If A = 3 -4 , find matrix B such that AB = I. [CBSE D06]
-1 2

69. If A= cos i sin then prove by principle of Mathematical induction that
i sin cos ,
A
n
= cos n i sin n
i sin n cos n , nN. [ CBSE D 06]

70. If A = 3 1 , verify that A
2
5A + 7I = 0. Hence find A
-1
.
-1 2


71. If A = 2 3 , verify that A
2
- 4A + I = 0 , hence find A
-1
.
1 2

72. Using properties of determinants, prove the following:
( b+c)
2
a
2
a
2
b
2
(c +a)
2
b
2
= 2abc( a+b+c)
3
c
2
c
2
( a+b)
2

73. If A = 2 3 , prove that A
3
- 4A
2
+ A = 0 .
1 2

74. Using matrices, solve the following system of linear equations:
X+y+z = 4, 2x-y+z = -1, 2x+y-3z = - 9. [CBSE F 05]

75. If A = 3 1 , find x and y such that A
2
+ xI = y A, hence find A
-1
.
7 5 [ D 05]


76.If A = 2 -1 , B = 0 4 , find 3 A
2
- 2B + I .
3 2 -1 7
Matrices and determinants
Page 8 of 9

77. If A = 1 0 find k such that A
2
8A + kI= 0.
-1 7


78. If A = -1
2 , B = -2 -1 -4 , verify that ( AB)
1
= B
1
A
1
.
3

79. Using the properties of determinants, prove that
a b c
a
2
b
2
c
2
= ( a+b+c)( a-b)(b-c)(c-a)
b+c c+a a+b

80. Using matrix method solve the following system of equations for x, y and z.
2 3 + 3 = 10 ; 1 + 1 + 1 = 10 ; 3 1 + 2 = 13 ;
x y z x y z x y z

81. Using properties of determinants, solve the following for x:
x+4 2x 2x
2x x+4 2x = 0.
2x 2x x+4


82. Using properties of determinants, prove the following :
a
2
bc c
2
+ac
a
2
+ ab b
2
ca = 4 a
2
b
2
c
2
.
ab b
2
+ bc c
2

3 1
83. If A = , show that A
2
5A + 7I = 0. Hence find A
-1
. [ CBSE 07]
-1 2


84. Using properties of determinants, prove that

a+ b b+c c+a a b c
b +c c+a a+b = 2 b c a [CBSE 07]
c+ a a+b b+c c a b

85. Using matrices, solve the following system of equations:
x + 2y + z = 7, x + 3z = 11, 2x 3y = 1. [ CBSE 07]


Matrices and determinants
Page 9 of 9

86. Using the properties of determinants, prove that

x-3 x-4 x-
x-2 x-3 x- = 0, where , and r are in A.P. [CBSE 07]
x-1 x-2 x- r

87. Using matrices, solve the following system of equations:
4x - 5y - 11z = 12, x 3y + z =1, 2x + 3y 7z = 2. [CBSE 07]


88. If A = 3 -2 , find the value of so that A
2
= A 2 I . Hence find A
-1
.
4 -2 [CBSE 07]


89. Using the properties of determinants, prove that

x+4 2x 2x
2x x+4 2x = (5x + 4) (4 - x)
2
[CBSE 07]
2x 2x x+4

90. Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists





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