CHAPTER 13

SECTION 1: WORK POWER MACHINES

STANDARDS
Standard 3
# 4 Demonstrate the relationships among work, power, and machines

OBJECTIVES
1. Explain the term work in terms of the two components that are
required
2. Solve word problems involving work, distance, and force
3. Explain the relationship between work and power
4. Solve word problems involving power, work, and time
5. Describe three ways that machines help perform work
6. Explain the relationship between work, machines, and
mechanical advantage


F d
W
OFF TO WORK WE GO
Scientific definition
The transfer of energy to an object by a force that causes the object to
move in the direction of the force
Two Components: FORCE (N) and DISTANCE (m)
What if an object doesnt move?
NO WORK IS DONE
What about direction?
If the direction of the force and distance are not the same
No work is done
Equation: =
SI unit: Joule (J)
Objective 1: Explain the term
work in terms of the two
components that are required
CALCULATING
1. A crane uses an average force of 5200 N to lift a
girder 25 m. How much work does the crane do on
the girder?
2. If the apple that fell on Newtons head did 2.5 J of
work and fell a distance of 1.68 m. What was the
value of the force of gravity?
3. If a hydraulic lift uses 5900 J of work to raise a
1200 kg car with a force of 11760 N how much did
the lift raise the car?
Objective 2: Solve word
problems involving work,
distance, and force
F d
W
POWER!
Scientific Definition
The rate at which work is done or how much work is done in a given
amount of time
Equation: =

SI unit is the Watt (W)
Dont confuse this symbol with the symbol for work (W)!
The symbol for work will always be in ITALICS
Named after James Watt
Who worked on the steam engine
Objective 3: Explain the
relationship between work
and power
P t
W
CALCULATING
1. A certain crane is able to lift 220 000 kg. If the crane is
able to raise this mass a distance of 20.0 m by doing
432 000 J of work in 35.0 s, how much power has the
crane provided?
2. The worlds most powerful tugboats, which are built in
Finland, are capable of providing 817 000 W of power.
How much work does one of these tugboats do in 12.0
s?
3. Suppose a weightlifters power output is 178 W during
the time he does 3,310 J of work on the weights. How
long does it take the weightlifter to raise the weights?

Objective 4: Solve word
problems involving power,
work, and time
P t
W
MINI LAB!!
If you run up a flight of stairs are you doing more
work than if you walk?
What about power is it different for running vs.
walking?
What did you find out?
Did your work change?
Did your power change?
Objective 4: Solve word
problems involving power,
work, and time
MACHINES!
Which is easier lifting a car by hand or lifting it by jack?
By jack!
Both methods do the same amount of work!!
The jack is a machine that makes work easier!
Machines help do work by changing
The size of the input force
The direction of the force
Or both!
This process is called MULTIPLYING THE FORCE!
Objective 5: Describe three
ways that machines help
perform work
MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE
Ratio that tells how much a machine multiplies force or distance
Calculated two ways
By distance: =



By force: =



Mechanical advantage > 1 Multiplies the input force!
Mechanical advantage < 1 Increases distance and speed!
Different forces can do same amount of work
Machines can help to decrease force while increasing the distance
Objective 6: Explain the relationship
between work, machines, and
mechanical advantage