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USES AND APPLICATIONS OF
THE DIFFERENT GAS LAWS
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Research about the different gas laws
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12/1/2009
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 Juan Sumulong Memorial Junior College
School Year 2009-2010
Taytay, Rizal

Chemistry
Project

Submitted by:
Dan Paolo Petalbo

Submitted to:
Mr. Rufino Panganiban Jr.
Boyle’s Law Uses/Applications

1) Many gases are stored under high

pressure. This way they would occupy
a smaller volume. This is an
application of Boyle’s Law. For
example, some cars use compressed
natural gas as fuel.
2) The mechanics of a bicycle pump is
governed by Boyle’s Law. The washer
in a bicycle pump allows air enters the barrel from
outside during the upstroke, but during the down
stroke, this air can no longer escape to the outside
and is compressed in the barrel. As the volume
decreases, the pressure increases, but at first, the
air cannot escape because the valve in the bicycle
inner tube prevents it from entering that tube. This
valve is closed because the pressure of the air
already in the tube prevents the entry of further
gas. Only when the pressure of the air in the pump
is greater than that in the inner tube will the valve
open and allow more air into the tube, further
increasing the pressure. This means that, at the next stroke of the
pump, the air will have to be compressed even more.
As the pressure in the tube increases, it gets harder
and harder to depress the pump.
3) Suppose that you buy a bag of chips at the top of a
mountain, once you hit the bottom of the mountain,
the bag explodes, causing chips to fly everywhere. This is because the
air contained in the bag expanded as the pressure inside of the bag
increased.
4) A practical application illustrating Boyles Law would be
the action of a syringe. When we draw fluids into a
syringe, we increase the volume inside the syringe, this
correspondingly decreases the pressure on the inside
where the pressure on the outside of the syringe is
greater and forces fluid into the syringe. If we reverse
the acting and push the plunger in on the syringe we
are decreasing the volume on the inside which will
increase the pressure inside making the pressure
greater than on the outside and fluids are forced out.
5) A more life dependent
example of Boyles Law is the
action of the diaphragm of
our body. This is a muscle
that is located just below the
lungs. When we inhale the
diaphragm moves downward
allowing the lungs an
increased volume. This
decreases the pressure inside
the lungs so that the
pressure is less than the
outer pressure. This results in
forcing air into the lungs.
When we exhale the diaphragm moves upward and decreases the
volume of the lungs. This increases the pressure inside the lungs
above the pressure on the outside of the lungs so that gases are
forced out of the lungs. Of course, all of this is totally automatic and
we take this important cycle which is performed hundreds of times a
day for granted until we receive a sharp blow to that region that
briefly paralyzes the diaphragm muscle.
We say the wind was knocked out of us,
but Boyles Law was not allowed to
function.
6) Fish that live in low depths survive under
a great amount of pressure due to the
volume of water above them. When
brought to the surface of the ocean,
perhaps for study, the dramatically
reduced pressure greatly increases the
volume of the gases in their bodies. This causes the rupture of cells,
bladders, and other biological structures.
7) While playing in the pool when you were younger, did you ever notice
that when you exhaled, the bubbles seemed to grow larger and larger
as they ascended? This change in size is a result
of the decreasing pressure of the water, which
allows the gas bubbles to expand.
Charles’s Law Uses/Applications
1) When flying hot-air balloons, balloonists apply the
principle of Charles’s Law. As the air inside the
balloon is heated, its volume increases. The
density of the air decreases as the air inside the
balloon is heated; it expands, resulting in an
increase in density of the air inside the balloon.
The density of hot air is less than of cold air. The
difference in density between the air inside and
outside the balloon makes the hot-air balloon rise.

2) Weather balloons are launched daily from weather

stations across the country. The balloon begins at the
earth at a certain P, T, and V and upon its accent all
three of these variables change in response to the
surroundings.
3) A rubber raft swells up when left in the sun on a hot
day, providing the raft is not completely inflated (if it
completely inflated, it will rupture). Remember this if
you are ever stranded in tropical waters!
5) The plunger in a turkey thermometer pops out
when the turkey is done. The higher temperature of
the turkey causes the volume of the air trapped under
the plunger to increase, which forces the plunger to
move.
Combined Gas Law Uses/Applications
1) A four stroke engine like your car operates on the principle of taking a
volume of gas/air mixture, compressing it, igniting it, and pushing the
exhaust out. The movement of the pistons moves the drive shaft.
Ideal Gas Law Uses/Applications
1) Commercial airlines pressurize their
passenger cabins and mountain climbers
often carry oxygen tanks with them. The
air at these higher altitudes is at lower
atmospheric pressure or is ``thinner.'' This
phenomenon in which pressure decreases
with increasing altitude occurs in all fluids
(liquids and gases) and is particularly
pronounced when water is the fluid.
2) On the ocean floor the water pressure can
be enormous! This is why submarines and other deep sea diving
vessels must have thick walls to prevent them from being crushed
under tremendous water pressures.

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure

1) A common laboratory method of collecting the gaseous product of a
chemical reaction is to conduct it into an inverted tube or bottle filled
with water, the opening of which is immersed in a larger container of
water. This arrangement is called a pneumatic trough, and was widely
used in the early days of chemistry. As the gas enters the bottle it
displaces the water and becomes trapped in the upper part.
2) The volume of the gas can be observed by means of a calibrated scale
on the bottle, but what about its pressure? The total pressure
confining the gas is just that of the atmosphere transmitting its force
through the water. (An exact calculation would also have to take into
account the height of the water column in the inverted tube.) But
liquid water itself is always in equilibrium with its vapor, so the space
in the top of the tube is a mixture of two gases: the gas being
collected, and gaseous H2O. The partial pressure of H2O is known as
the vapor pressure of water and it depends on the temperature. In
order to determine the quantity of gas we have collected, we must use
Dalton's Law to find the partial pressure of that gas.