Name:AphichatTonjaiDueDate:9/3/14

ArticleTitle:TheProlificAfterlife
Author/Source:lifescience

WhataretheAUTHORsmajorideas,conceptsorkeypoints?

A:Listthemajorideas,conceptsorkeypointspointbypoint
TheremainofwhaleswouldteemwithlifeOasisinvastnothingness
Severalspeciespreviouslyunknownandsomeonlyfoundinunusualenvironment
400speciesthatarelivinginandaroundthem,
30havenotbeenseenanywhereelse
otherspeciesdependenceondeadwhaleswasnotafreakoccurrenceevidences
throughouthistory.
Researcherdidtestsunk3greywhalefor6yearsuntil2000andrevisitthewhalecorpse
backin1987andanotherfoundin1995.
3stepsoncewhalesinkmobilescavengerstage,enrichmentopportuniststage,andthe
sulfophilicstage.
scavengerstageHordesofhagfishtunnelthroughthemeat,whileafewsleepersharks
takelargerbites.feastcanlastuptotwoyears,40to60kilogramsaday.
enrichmentopportuniststage2years,Highdensitylowdiversitycommunitiesofanimals
colonizethesedimentssurroundingthewhalecarcasses.Feedonblubberandleftover.
sulfophilicstageSpecializedbacteriabreakdownlipidinthebone.dissolvedsulfate
(SO4)astheirsourceofoxygenandreleasehydrogensulfide(H2S)aswaste.
hydrogensulfide(H2S)cantbeusebyanimalsbutcertainchemosyntheticbacteria.
ThattakeO2fromtheseawatertooxidizethesulfide,generatingenergyforgrowth.
Thesulfophilicstagecanlastupto50years,evenperhapsacentury.
69000greatwhalesdieeachyearaccordingtodata.Notfarapartfromeachotherand
allowforlarvaetodispersetonextarea.12kmapart
OsedaxOnlyfoundinwhalecarcassandarewormlikethatareatthebonesurface
Whalesthatdecayonoceanfloormaydecayfasterthantheexperimentaltesttestwas
inlowoxygenenvironmentwhichslowdowndecomposition.
Resultislarvaehavedifficulttimejumpingfromonesitetoanother.Originalhypothesis
indanger
Evidencesinwhalecarcassandhypothesisthatsimilarsystemforancientorganismlike
ichthyosaursandmosasaurs.

B:SummarizetheAUTHORsmainpointorideaatLEAST12paragraphs
SummaryofAuthorsMainPoints:
Thearticledescribehowthemassiveremainofadeadwhalecansupportitownunique
ecosystem.Speciesthatarefoundonthewhalebodyareonlyfoundinunusualenvironmentlike
athotventsandsomespeciesthatareonlyfoundontheremainofthewhale.Onceawhale
diesandsinktothebottomoftheocean,itenter3stage.Thefirststageisthescavengerstage
werehagfishesandafewsleepersharksfeastontheremainatarateof40to60kilogramsa
dayandlastfor2years.Thesecondstageistheenrichmentopportuniststagewhich2years
andcontainahighdensitybutlowdiversitycommunitiesofanimalsthatcolonizethesediments
surroundingthewhalecarcassesandfeedonblubberandleftover.Finally,the3rdstageisthe
sulfophilicstagewherethewhalebonesareexposedandspecializedbacteriabreakdownlipid
intheboneandlastathighas50yearsorevenacentury.
Evidencesalsopointtosimilarprocesshappeningtolargerspeciesfromthetimeofdinosaurs
liketheichthyosaursandmosasaurs.Italsoshowthattheratethatthecarcassofthewhale
decayvariesontheenvironmentlikeoxygenlevelandthreatentheoriginaltheorythatlarvae
jumpfromsitetosite.

C:Writeareactionparagraphtothearticlestatingyourownthoughtsonthetopic,
usingspecificcitationsfromthearticletosupportyourviews
MyOwnThoughtsontheTopic
Ialwaysthoughtthatanecosystemrequirealargeareaandnotasinglewhale.Itinterestingto
considerhowmysterioustheoceanisandhowawhalecarcasscansupportavarietyoflife.
Someofthelifearealsounknown.