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L1
I1
IL1
S1
On
Off
S1
S2
On
Off
L2
I2
S1
IL2
2
I1
I2
Icout = (I1 +I2) Iout
0A
R
LOAD
C
OUT
I
COUT
I
OUT
I
IN
V
IN
I
IN
I
IN
= IL1 + IL2

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K(D) +
DI
IN
DIL1

K(D) +
1 *2D
1 *D
if D v0.5

K(D) +
2D*1
D
if D u0.5

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0

0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.4 0.5 0.8
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
INPUT CURRENT/INDUCTOR RIPPLE CURRENT
vs
DUTY CYCLE
K
(
D
)

I
n
d
u
c
t
o
r

R
i
p
p
l
e

C
u
r
r
e
n
t

C
a
n
c
e
l
a
t
i
o
n

F
a
c
t
o
r
Duty Cycle D()
V
IN
(Q) +V
IN(rms)
2

sin(Q)

D(Q) +
V
OUT
*V
IN
(Q)
V
OUT

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0
0
0.1
0.2
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
1.0
DUTY CYCLE
vs
PHASE ANGLE
180
160
120 90 60
30
D
1

(

)
,

D
2

(

D
u
t
y

C
y
c
l
e
Phase Angle

E
SINGLE
+
1
2
LI
2

E
INTERLEAVED
+
1
2
L

I
2

2
)
1
2
L

I
2

2
+
1
4
LI
2

I
PEAK
+
P
OUT(max)
2

V
IN(min)

WaAc
SINGLE
+
L I
PEAK
B

I
RMS
C
D
+
L I
PEAK
B

I
PEAK
2

C
D

WaAc
INTERLEAVED
+
L
I
PEAK
2
B

I
PEAK
2 2

C
D

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2 WaAc
INTERLEAVED
WaAc
SINGLE
+
1
2

I
COUT(single)
(D) + (1 *D) [1 *(1 *D)]

I
COUT
(D) +
1
2
(1 *2D) *(1 *2D)
2

if D t0.5

I
COUT
(D) +
1
2
(2 *2D) *(2 *2D)
2

if D w0.5

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.9 1.0

D
0
0.05
0.10
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.5 0.6 0.7
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.50
GAIN/PHASE
vs
FREQUENCY
I
COUT(single)
I
COUT
(D)
N
o
r
m
a
l
i
z
e
d

C
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r

R
M
S

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+
V
r
e
f
M
u
l
t
V
F
F
V
A
+
C
A
V
o
u
t
R
i
a
c
R
a
R
b
P
F
C
R
s
e
n
s
e
R
m
o
R
m
o
U
C
C
2
8
5
2
2
8
++
U
C
C
2
7
3
2
4
C
o
u
t
T
1
T
2
L
2
L
1
D
1
D
2
V
o
u
t
R
L
R
f
a
C
z
a
C
p
a
R
f
b
C
z
b
C
p
b
U
C
C
2
8
2
2
0
2
0
K
3
0
K
R
c
R
d
R
s
e
n
s
e
R
r
e
s
e
t
R
s
e
n
s
e
R
r
e
s
e
t
V
i
n

=

8
5

t
o

2
6
5
V

R
M
S
C
T
R
L
T
1
T
2
R
g
a
t
e
R
g
a
t
e
R
s
l
o
p
e
S
l
o
p
e
C
H
G
D
S
C
H
G
R
c
h
g
R
d
s
c
h
g
6
.
8
1
K
1
0
K
I
a
c
C
v
f
f
R
v
f
f
M
O
U
T
V
c

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L1 +L2 +
V
IN(min)
2

D
MIN(LL)
DIL f
S
+
85 V 2

0.69
4.1 A 100 kHz
[200 mH

C
OUT
w
2 P
OUT

1
f
LINE
V
OUT
2
*
V
OUT
2

2
[123 mF

C
OUT
w
1
4

P
OUT
V
OUT
h0.637
V
RIPPLE
0.8 p f
LINE
[104 mF

ESR
MAX
+
V
RIPPLE
0.2
P
OUT
2

V
IN(min)
h
[1.3 W

C
OUT
w
C
OUT
(1 *0.2)(1 *0.2)
[220 mH

Iterations +
f
S
2 f
LINE
[1 10
3

Step +

1
f
LINE

Iterations
I
IN(t)
+
P
OUT
2

V
IN(min)
sin(w t)

I
COUT(rms)
+
S
Iterations
n+1

I
IN
(n Step)
2

1
2
(2 * 2 D1(n Step)) * (2 * 2 D1(n Step))
2

Iterations

[ 1 A

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P
SEMI
+
P
OUT
h
*P
OUT
0.5 [19 W

I
DIODE
+
P
OUT
2 V
OUT
h
[2.3 A

I
DIODE(peak)
+
P
OUT
2

2 V
IN(min)
h
)
DIL1
2
[5.3 A

P
DIODE
+
P
OUT
V
F
2 V
OUT
h
[0.6 W

I
PEAK
+
P
OUT
2

2 V
IN(min)
h
)
DIL1
2
[5.3 A

I
FET(rms)
+ f
LINE
S
Iterations
n+1

D1(nStep)
f
S

I
IN
(n Step)
2

dt

I
IN
ton
(t) +
P
OUT
2

2 V
IN(min)
h
*
DIL1
2
sin(w t)

I
IN
toff
(t) +
P
OUT
2

2 V
IN(min)
h
)
DIL1
2
sin(w t)

C
OSS(avg)
[2 C
OSS(spec)

V
DS(spec)
V
OUT
+2 310 pF
25 V
385 V
+160 pF

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Q
GS(miller)
+30 nC

Q
GS(max)
+52 nC

I
GATE
+
V
GS(max)
2 R
GATE

t
ON(delay)
+t
OFF(delay)
+
Q
GS(miller)
I
GATE

P
SWITCH(toff)
+ f
LINE
S
Iterations
n+1
I
IN
toff
(n Step) V
OUT
t
OFF(delay)

P
SWITCH(ton)
+ f
LINE
S
Iterations
n+1
I
IN
ton
(n Step) V
OUT
t
ON(delay)

P
COSS
+
1
2
C
OSS
V
OUT
2
f
S

P
GATE
+Q
OFF
V
GS(max)
f
S

P
RDS(on)
+I
FET(rms)
R
DS(on)

P
FET
+P
SWITCH(toff)
)P
SWITCH(ton)
)P
COSS
)P
GATE
)P
RDS(on)
[5 W

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Rq
SA
v
T
J(max)

3
4
*T
AMB
*P
FET

Rq
JC
)Rq
CS

P
FET
[
16.6
O
C
W

a +
N
P
N
S
+
V
P
V
S
+
I
S
I
P
+
1
50

I
PEAK
+
P
OUT
2

2 V
in(min)
h
)
DIL1
2
1.3

R
SENSE
+
V
C
*0.5 V
2
I
PEAK
a
I
PEAK(startup)
+2 I
PEAK

R
RESET
+
V
C
*0.5 V
2
I
PEAK

1 *D
MIN(LL)

K
OSC
+

2.04 10
10

W
s

F
OSC
+2 f
S

F
OSC
+2 f
S

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D
MAX(osc)
+ 1 * 2

1 * D
MAX

R
DISCHG
+ K
OSC

1 *D
MAX(osc)

F
OSC

R
IAC
+
V
IN(max)
2

500 mA

R
VFF
+
1.5 V
V
in(min)
2R
IAC
0.9

f
P1
+f
LINE

1.5%
66%
C
VFF
+
1
2 p R
VFF
f
P1
T
C(s)
+G
ID(s)
G
CA(s)

G
ID(s)
+
DIL1
DI
C
+
V
OUT
R
SENSE
a
s L1 V
C1

G
CA(s)
+
DI
C
DIL1
+

s R
ZB
C
ZA
)1

s R
MO

C
ZB
)C
PB

s
C
ZB
C
PB
C
ZB
)C
PB
R
ZB
)1
H
CNTRL
H
CA

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H
CNTRL
+
DV
C
DV
CTRL
+0.6

H
CA
+
DV
CTRL
DV
CA(out)
+
R
D
R
C
)R
D
[0.594

R
SLOPE
+0.1 V

1 *D
MIN(LL)

10 pF
DILaR
SENSE
2
PFCR
SENSE
+
V
SENSE
P
OUT
2

V
IN(min)
h

R
MO
+
P
OUT
2

1.1PFCR
SENSE
V
IN(min)
h
2V
IN(min)
2

R
IAC
+
V
R(sense)
2 I
AC

R
ZB
+
1
G
ID
2pj
f
S
10

R
MO
H
CA
H
CNTRL

C
ZB
+
1
2 p R
ZB

f
s
10

C
PB
+
1
2 p R
ZB

f
s
2

T
V(s)
+G
VD(s)
G
VA(s)

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G
VD(s)
+
DV
OUT
DV
C

P
OUT
h
V
C2
s C
OUT
V
OUT

H1 +
R
B
R
B
)R
A
+
V
REF
V
OUT
+
7.5 V
V
OUT

G
VA(s)
+H1 gm
s R
ZA
C
ZA
)1
s R
MO

C
ZA
)C
PA

s
C
ZA
C
PA
C
ZA
)C
PA
R
ZA
)1

R
ZA
+
1

G
V
2pjf
C

H1 gm

C
ZA
+
1
2 p f
C
R
ZA

C
PA
+
1
2 p

2 f
LINE

V
C
0.015
V
RIPPLE

1
H1gm

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+
+
+
1
N
/
C
2
I
N
A
3
G
N
D
4
I
N
B
5
O
U
T
B
6
V
D
D
7
O
U
T
A
8
N
/
C
U
C
C
2
7
3
2
4
D
U
4

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+

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40
32
24
16
8
0
8
16
24
32
40
G
a
i
n

d
B
180
144
108
72
36
0
36
72
108
144
180
P
h
a
s
e

D
e
g
r
e
e
s
Phase
Gain
T
C
(f) Current Loop Frequency Response
V
IN
= 238 V DC, P
OUT
= 350 W
100 1000 10000 100000
Frequency
100
Frequency
1000 10000 10000
32
24
16
8
0
8
16
24
32
40
G
a
i
n

d
B
180
144
108
72
36
0
36
72
108
144
180
P
h
a
s
e

D
e
g
r
e
e
s
Phase
Gain
T
C
(f) Current Loop Frequency Response
V
IN
= 120 V DC, P
OUT
= 350 W
t Time 5 ms/div.
10 mV/div.
Output Ripple Voltage,
P
OUT
= 350 W

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t Time 5 ms/div.
CH1: 250 V/div.
Rectified Line
Voltage
CH2: 20 mV/div.
L1 Current
CH3: 20 mV/div.
L2 Current
CH4: 20 mV/div
Input Current
Input Inductor Ripple Current Cancellation
at V
IN
= 85 V RMS, P
OUT
= 350 W
t Time 10 s/div.
CH1: 100 V/div.
Rectified Line
Voltage
CH2: 20 mV/div.
L1 Current
CH3: 20 mV/div.
L2 Current
CH4: Input Current
Inductor Ripple Current Cancellation
at V
IN
= 85 V RMS and P
OUT
= 350 W
1
4
2
3
t Time 5 ms/div.
H1: 250 V/div.
Rectified Line
Voltage
CH2: 10 mV/div.
L1 Current
CH3: 10 mV/div.
L2 Current
CH4: 20 mV/div.
Input Current
Input Inductor Ripple Current Cancellation
at V
IN
= 265 V RMS, P
OUT
= 350 W

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t Time 100 ms/div.

CH2: V
OUT
100 V/div.
CH1: 100 V/div.
Rectified Line
Line Transients at 350-W Load, V
IN
Stepped from 240 V to 120 V to 240 V
t Time 25 ms/div.
CH4: V
OUT
500 V/div.
CH3: I
IN
20 mV/div.
Startup No Load and V
IN
= 85 V
t Time 25 ms/div.
CH2: V
OUT
100 V/div.
CH1: 100 V/div.
Rectified Line
Line Dropout at Full Load
t Time 25 ms/div.
CH4: V
OUT
500 V/div.
CH3: I
IN
20 mV/div.
Startup at V
IN
= 85 V, P
OUT
= 350 W

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VIN = 85 V
VIN = 265 V
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
P
OUT
Output Power %
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y

%
EFFICIENCY
vs
OUTPUT POWER
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
0.88
0.90
0.92
0.94
0.96
1.00
P
OUT
Output Power %
P
F
PF
vs
OUTPUT POWER
0.98
VIN = 85 V
VIN = 265 V
0.00007
0.77313
1.54620
2.31927
3.09234
3.86540
4.63847
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 45 48 50
Harmonic
A
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e

A
CURRENT HARMONICS
V
IN
= 85 V, P
OUT
= 350 W
0.00002
0.23643
0.47283
0.70923
0.94564
1.18204
1.41845
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50
Harmonic
A
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e

A
CURRENT HARMONICS
V
IN
= 265 V, P
OUT
= 350 W

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