Solution PDF

guzman (bg8992) – Chap 3- Vectors and Proj Motion Review – denzmore – (107108) 1
This print-out should have 48 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on 3. The west component of the vector is three
the next column or page – find all choices miles; the north component is 3 miles.
before answering.
4. The west component of the vector is 1
001 10.0 points mile; the south component is 3 miles.
An airplane travels at 150 km/h toward the
northeast. 5. None of these
What is the northern component of its ve-
locity? 6. The east component of the vector is 1
mile; the north component is 3 miles. cor-
Correct answer: 106.066 km/h. rect
Explanation:
7. The west component of the vector is 1
The angle between the northeast and the
mile; the north component is 3 miles.
north is 45◦ , so the northern component of its
velocity is Explanation:
vN = v cos 45◦ You drove two miles east, then later one
mile west, for a net result of one mile east.
The north component is 3 miles.
002 10.0 points
A rock is thrown upward at 57.2◦ with respect 004 10.0 points
to the horizontal. As it rises, its vertical A pair of 407.7 N vectors are perpendicular.
component of velocity What is the magnitude of their resultant?
1. remains unchanged. Correct answer: 576.575 N.
2. increases. Explanation:
3. decreases. correct Let : F = 407.7 N .

The resultant of two perpendicular vectors
4. Unable to determine. is the hypotenuse of a right triangle, so
Explanation: p √ q
Gravity acts downward, so the vertical com-
2 2 2
R = F + F = 2F = 2(407.7 N)2
ponent of the velocity decreases to 0 at the = 576.575 N .
point of the maximum height, regardless of
the angle of inclination.
005 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
003 10.0 points A ship is expecting to travel to its home port
When giving directions to your house, you tell 450 km due East. Before the ship starts to
someone to drive two miles east, then three travel, a severe storm comes up and blows the
miles north, then one mile west. ship 410 km due South.
What are the components of a vector that How far is the ship from its home port?
points from his house to yours?
Correct answer: 608.769 km.
1. The east component of the vector is three Explanation:
miles; the south component is 3 miles.
2. The east component of the vector is 1 Let : Sship = 450 km and

mile; the south component is 3 miles. Wwind = 410 km .
Choose a coordinate system with the pos-
itive x-axis representing 0◦ and the positive 007 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points
y-axis representing 90◦ . A hiker begins a trip by first walking 18 km
N southeast from her base camp. On the second
Ship day, she walks 40.3 km in a direction 70.8 ◦
north of east, at which point she discovers a
forest ranger’s tower.
W ind R Determine the y component of the total
θ displacement.
E
Correct answer: 25.3304 km.
The vector W ~ represents the distance to Explanation:

the North the ship must make up due to its Let us denote the displacement vectors on
southerly displacement by the wind from the the first and second days by A and B, respec-
ships original position. The vector S ~ repre- tively, and use the camp as the origin of the
sents the distance the ship must travel from coordinates. Let the angle between A and
its original position to its destination. The the positive x direction be α, and the angle
origin is the position of the ship after it is between B and the positive x direction be β.
blown due South by the storm. Then we have
The displacements act at right angles to
~ from the desti-
each other so the distance kRk α = −45◦ , β = 70.8◦ .
nation is the hypotenuse of the right triangle
and
p Therefore the components of A are
~ = S2 + W 2
kRk
q
= (450 km)2 + (410 km)2 Ax = A cos α
= 608.769 km . = (18 km ) cos(−45◦ )
= 12.7279 km ,
Ay = A sin α
Consider: East to be 0◦ and North 90◦ . = (18 km) sin(−45◦ )
At what angle North of East must the ship = −12.7279 km ,
travel to reach its destination?
while the components of B are
Correct answer: 42.337◦.
Explanation:
Bx = B cos β
The ship was blown to the South, so it
must travel to the North and East to reach its = (40.3 km) cos 70.8◦
destination. = 13.2533 km ,
If θ is the angle its destination makes with By = B sin β
East, then W is the side opposite θ and S is = (40.3 km) sin 70.8◦
the side adjacent, so that
= 38.0584 km .
W
θ = arctan
S
The negative value of Ay indicates that
410 km the y coordinate had decreased for this
= arctan
450 km displacement—in other words, the hiker has
= 42.337 .
◦
walked in the negative y direction. The total
displacement R therefore is
R=A+B 010 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
A cannon fires a 0.699 kg shell with initial
R x = Ax + B x velocity vi = 11 m/s in the direction θ = 58 ◦
= 12.7279 km + 13.2533 km above the horizontal.
= 25.9812 km
R y = Ay + B y
= −12.7279 km + 38.0584 km
= 25.3304 km ∆h
R = Rx i + Ry j
s
= 25.9812 km i + 25.3304 km j
m/
∆y
11
Thus,
Ry = 25.3304 km .
008 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points ◦ y

Find the magnitude of the resultant displace- 58
ment.
Correct answer: 36.2858 km. ∆x

Explanation: The shell’s trajectory curves downward be-
The magnitude of R is cause of gravity, so at the time t = 0.458 s the
q shell is below the straight line by some verti-
R = Rx2 + Ry2 cal distance ∆h. Your task is to calculate the
q distance ∆h in the absence of air resistance.
= (25.9812 km)2 + (25.3304 km)2 On what does ∆h depend (besides g)?
= 36.2858 km .
1. It depends only on the initial velocity vi ,
and does not depend on the flight time t or
009 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points the initial angle θ.
Find the angle θ that the vector R = A + B
makes with the positive x axis, use counter- 2. It depends only on the initial angle θ, and
clockwise as the positive angular direction, does not depend on the flight time t or the
between the limits of −180◦ and +180◦ . initial velocity vi .
Correct answer: 44.2734◦. 3. It depends on the flight time t and the
Explanation: initial angle θ, but does not depend on the
The inequalities Rx = 25.9812 km > 0 and initial velocity vi .
Ry = 25.3304 km > 0 imply that the forest
ranger’s tower is in the first quadrant. Thus, 4. It is a constant and does not depend on
the angle θ that the vector R = A + B makes the flight time t or the initial velocity vi or the
with the positive x axis is initial angle θ.
Ry
θ = arctan 5. It depends on everything: the flight time
Rx
25.3304 km t, the initial angle θ, and the initial velocity
= arctan vi .
25.9812 km
= 0.772716 rad
= 44.2734◦ .
Explanation:
6. It depends only on the flight time t, and
does not depend on the initial velocity vi or g t2
the initial angle θ. correct ∆h =
2
(9.8 m/s2 ) (0.458 s)2
7. It depends on the flight time t and the =
2
initial velocity vi , but does not depend on the
initial angle θ. = 1.02784 m .
8. It depends on some data not given in the 012 10.0 points

problem. A cannon fires a 0.247 kg shell with initial
velocity vi = 9.2 m/s in the direction θ = 46 ◦
9. It depends on the initial angle θ and the above the horizontal.
initial velocity vi , but does not depend on the
flight time t.
Explanation:
In the absence of gravity, the shell would fly
along the straight line at constant velocity: ∆h
/s
m
2
x̂ = t vi cos θ ,
9.
∆y
ŷ = t vi sin θ .
The gravity does not affect the x coordinate ◦ y

of the shell, but it does pull its y coordinate 46
at constant downward acceleration ay = −g,
hence ∆x
x = t vi cos θ, The shell’s trajectory curves downward be-
g t2 cause of gravity, so at the time t = 0.648 s
y = t vi sin θ − . the shell is below the straight line by some
2
vertical distance ∆h.
1 Find this distance ∆h in the absence of
Thus, x = x̂ but y = ŷ − gt2 , or in other
2 air resistance. The acceleration of gravity is
words, the shell deviates from the straight-line 9.8 m/s2 .
path by the vertical distance
Correct answer: 2.05753 m.
g t2
∆h = ŷ − y = . Explanation:
2
In the absence of gravity, the shell would fly
Note that this result is completely indepen- along the straight line at constant velocity:
dent on the initial velocity vi or angle θ of x̂ = t vi cos θ ,
the shell. It is a simple function of the flight
ŷ = t vi sin θ .
time t and nothing else (besides the constant
g = 9.8 m/s2 ). The gravity does not affect the x coordinate
of the shell, but it does pull its y coordinate
011 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points downware at a constant acceleration ay = −g,
Find the ∆h. The acceleration of gravity is so
9.8 m/s2 . x = t vi cos θ,
g t2
Correct answer: 1.02784 m. y = t vi sin θ − .
2
1 In the absence of gravity, the shell would fly
Thus, x = x̂ but y = ŷ − gt2 ; in other words,
2 along the straight line at constant velocity:
the shell deviates from the straight-line path
by the vertical distance x̂ = t vi cos θ ,
g t2 ŷ = t vi sin θ .
∆h = ŷ − y = .
2
The gravity does not affect the x coordinate
Note: This result is completely indepen- of the shell, but it does pull its y coordinate
dent of the initial velocity vi or angle θ of the at constant downward acceleration ay = −g,
shell. It is a simple function of the flight time hence
t. x = t vi cos θ,
g t2
g t2 y = t vi sin θ − .
∆h = 2
2 1
(9.8 m/s2 ) (0.648 s)2 Thus, x = x̂ but y = ŷ − gt2 , or in other
= 2
2 words, the shell deviates from the straight-line
= 2.05753 m . path by the vertical distance
g t2
∆h = |ŷ − y| = .
013 10.0 points 2
A toy cannon fires a 0.125 kg shell with initial
velocity vi = 11 m/s in the direction θ = 54 ◦ Note: This result is completely indepen-
above the horizontal. dent on the initial velocity vi or angle θ of
the shell. It is a simple function of the flight
time t and nothing else (besides the constant
g = 9.8 m/s2 ).
∆h
g t2
∆h =
s
2
m/
∆y (9.8 m/s2 ) (0.341 s)2

11
=
2
= 0.569777 m .
◦ y
54
014 10.0 points
Assume: A 78 g basketball is launched at an
∆x angle of 58.1◦ and a distance of 13.7 m from
The shell’s trajectory curves downward be- the basketball goal. The ball is released at the
cause of gravity, so at the time t = 0.341 s same height (ten feet) as the basketball goal’s
the shell is below the straight line by some height.
vertical distance ∆h. A basketball player tries to make a long
Find this distance ∆h in the absence of jump-shot as described above.
air resistance. The acceleration of gravity is The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
9.8 m/s2 . What speed must the player give the ball?
Correct answer: 0.569777 m. Correct answer: 12.2325 m/s.

Explanation: Explanation:
Basic concepts: Horizontally,
vi
voh = v cos θ ∆y
vh = voh
6.7 m
◦
d = voh t 50
Vertically,
vov = v sin θ
∆x
vv = vov − g t
Find the vertical component of the initial
1 velocity at the end of the cannon’s barrel,
h = vov t − g t2 .
2 where the projectile begins its trajectory. The
Solution: At the maximum range of the ball, acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
vf v = −vov , so,
Correct answer: 6.91217 m/s.
−vov = vov − g t
Explanation:
−2 vov = −g t
vov Let : vx,i = 5.8 m/s and
t=2 .
g θ = 50 ◦ .
The maximum distance covered is
The components of vi are vx,i = vi cos θ
2 voh vov and vy,i = vi sin θ, so
d = voh t =
g
vy,i
= tan θ
2 v cos θ v sin θ vx,i
d=
g vy,i = vx,i tan θ = (5.8 m/s) tan 50 ◦
v 2 (2 sin θ cos θ) v 2 sin(2 θ) = 6.91217 m/s .
d= = .
g g
Thus the initial velocity is 016 (part 2 of 5) 10.0 points
s Determine the maximum height the projectile
dg achieves after leaving the end of the cannon’s
v=
sin[2 θ] barrel.
s
(13.7 m) (9.8 m/s2 ) Correct answer: 2.43766 m.
=
sin[2 (58.1◦ )]
Explanation:
= 12.2325 m/s .
Let : g = −9.8 m/s2 and

015 (part 1 of 5) 10.0 points vy,f = 0 m/s .
A projectile of mass 0.227 kg is shot from
a cannon, at height 6.7 m, as shown in the
figure, with an initial velocity vi having a 2 2
horizontal component of 5.8 m/s. vy,f = vy,i + 2 g ∆y = 0
The projectile rises to a maximum height of vy2i (6.91217 m/s)2
∆y above the end of the cannon’s barrel and ∆y = − =−
2g 2 (−9.8 m/s2 )
strikes the ground a horizontal distance ∆x
past the end of the cannon’s barrel. = 2.43766 m .
017 (part 3 of 5) 10.0 points Correct answer: 12.0113 m.

Find the magnitude of the velocity vector Explanation:
when the projectile hits the ground.
Correct answer: 14.5855 m/s. Let : yi = 6.7 m and

Explanation: g = −9.8 m/s2 .
There is no horizontal acceleration, so
Let : yi = 6.7 m .
∆x = x0 + vx,i t = vx,i t
For the time to fall from the maximum
∆x
height, vy,i = 0, and y = −yi − ∆y, so t= .
vx,i
2 Considering the vertical motion,

vy,f = vy2i + 2 g y = 2 g y
1
yf = yi + vy,i t + g t2 = 0
p
|vy,f | = −2 g (yi + ∆y)
q 2
2
= −2 (−9.8 m/s2 ) ∆x 1 ∆x
√ 0 = yi + vy,i + g
× 6.7 m + 2.43766 m vx,i 2 vx,i
= 13.3828 m/s , and !
g 2 vy,i
2 (∆x) + ∆x + yi = 0 .
q 2 vx,i vx,i
vf = 2 + v2
vy,f x,f
q Applying the Pythagorean Theorem, the
= (13.3828 m/s)2 + (5.8 m/s)2 coefficients are
= 14.5855 m/s . g −9.8 m/s2

a= 2 =
2 vx,i 2 (5.8 m/s)2
= −0.14566 m−1 ,
018 (part 4 of 5) 10.0 points vy,i 6.91217 m/s
Find the magnitude of the angle (with respect b= =
vx,i 5.8 m/s
to horizontal) the projectile makes when im-
pacting the ground. = 1.19175 , and
c = yi = 6.7 m ,
Correct answer: 66.5684 ◦.
and the discriminant is
Explanation:
D = b2 − 4 a c
= (1.19175)2 − 4 (−0.14566 m−1 )
vyf

|θf | = arctan
×(6.7 m)
v
xi = 5.32396 , so
13.3828 m/s
= arctan

5.8 m/s
√
= 66.5684 ◦ . b2 − 4 a c
−b ±
∆x =
2a √
−1.19175 − 5.32396
019 (part 5 of 5) 10.0 points =
2 (−0.14566 m−1 )
Find the range of the projectile from the time
it leaves the barrel until it hits the ground. = 12.0113 m ,
since we need the larger of the two values (and (6.1 m/s) tan 56 ◦
=
the smaller value would be negative). 9.8 m/s2
= 0.922819 s .
A projectile of mass 0.275 kg is shot from
a cannon. The end of the cannon’s barrel 021 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points
is at height 6.9 m, as shown in the figure. How long does it take the projectile to hit the
The initial velocity vi of the projectile has a ground?
horizontal component of 6.1 m/s.
The projectile rises to a maximum height of Correct answer: 2.42607 s.
∆y above the end of the cannon’s barrel and
strikes the ground a horizontal distance ∆x Explanation:
past the end of the cannon’s barrel.
Let : vxi = 6.1 m/s ,
vi
∆y
(xi , yi) = (0 m, 6.9 m) ,
θ = 56 ◦ .
6.9 m
◦ For the vertical motion (considering down

56 to be positive),
1 2
∆y = vyi t + gt .
∆x 2
Determine the time it takes for the pro- Since vytop = 0 ,
jectile to reach its maximum height. The
acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . 1 2
∆y = gt
2 1
Correct answer: 0.922819 s. 1
= (9.8 m/s2 ) (0.922819 s)2
2
Explanation: = 4.17281 m ,
and the time to fall from the top to the ground

Let : vxi = 6.1 m/s , is
θ = 56 ◦ , and s
g = 9.8 m/s2 . 2 (∆y + yi )
t2 =
g
s
vyi 2 (4.17281 m + 6.9 m)
tan θ = =
vxi 9.8 m/s2
vyi = vxi tan θ = 1.50325 s ,
The vertical motion so the total time is
vyf = vyi − g t t = t1 + t2
defines the time to reach the max height. = 0.922819 s + 1.50325 s
Since vtop = 0 , = 2.42607 s .
0 = vxi tan θ − g t1
vx tan θ 022 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points
t1 = i
g What is the horizontal range ∆x of the shot?
Since vytop = 0 ,
Explanation:
The horizontal motion has no acceleration, 0 = vyi − g t1
so vy 8.78499 m/s
t1 = i =
g 9.8 m/s2
∆x = vxi t
= (6.1 m/s) (2.42607 s) = 0.896428 s .
= 14.799 m .
023 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points How long does it take the projectile to hit the
A projectile of mass 0.391 kg is shot from a ground?
cannon. The end of the cannon’s barrel is
at height 6.8 m, as shown in the figure. The Correct answer: 2.37674 s.
initial velocity of the projectile is 11 m/s . Explanation:
The projectile rises to a maximum height of
∆y above the end of the cannon’s barrel and Let : (xi , yi) = (0 m, 6.8 m) .
strikes the ground a horizontal distance ∆x
past the end of the cannon’s barrel. For the vertical motion,
/s
vy2f = vy2i − 2 g ∆y .
m
∆y
11
Since vytop = 0 ,
0 = vv2i − 2 g ∆y
6.8 m
◦
53 vy2i (8.78499 m/s)2
∆y = =
2g 2 (9.8 m/s2 )
∆x = 3.93755 m and
Find the time it takes for the projectile to the time to fall from the top to the ground is
reach its maximum height. The acceleration
of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . s
2 (∆y + yi )
t2 =
Correct answer: 0.896428 s. g
s
Explanation: 2 (3.93755 m + 6.8 m)
=
9.8 m/s2
Let : vi = 11 m/s , = 1.48032 s ,
θ = 53◦ , and
so the total time is
g = 9.8 m/s2 .
Vertically, t = t1 + t2
vyi = vi sin θ = 0.896428 s + 1.48032 s
= (11 m/s) sin 53◦ = 2.37674 s .
= 8.78499 m/s and
vyf = vyi − g t . Find the range ∆x of the projectile.
Correct answer: 15.734 m. 026 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points

Explanation: A bomber flies horizontally with a speed of
The horizontal component of vector vi is 152 m/s relative to the ground. The altitude
of the bomber is 4760 m and the terrain is
vxi level. Neglect the effects of air resistance.
vi =
cos θ The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
vxi = vi cos θ a) How far from the point vertically un-
= (11 m/s) cos 53◦ der the point of release does a bomb hit the
= 6.61997 m/s . ground?
The horizontal motion has no acceleration, Correct answer: 4737.5 m.

so
Explanation:
∆x = vxi t If t1 is the time of the flight of the bomb,
= (6.61997 m/s) (2.37674 s) then the horizontal position of the bomb is
= 15.734 m .
x(t1 ) = vt1
Alternate Solution: y = 0 when the
projectile hits the ground, so and the vertical position of the bomb is
1 2 g
y = yi + vyi t − gt y(t1 ) = h − t21 = 0
2 s 2
vy g x2 2h
= yi + i x − =0 =⇒ t1 =
vxi 2 vx2i g

g 2 vyi
2
x − x + yi = 0 where h is the altitude of the bomber. Thus
2 vxi vxi
Since L = x(t1 )
m/s2
s
g 9.8 2h
a= 2
= =v
2 vxi 2 (6.61997 m/s)2 g
= 0.111811 m−1 , = 4737.5 m .
vyi 8.78499 m/s
b=− =− = −1.32704 ,
vxi 6.61997 m/s
c = −yi = −6.8 m , and b) At what angle from the vertical at the point
of release must the telescopic bomb sight be
b2 − 4 a c = (−1.32704)2 set so that the bomb hits the target seen in
− 4 (0.111811 m−1 ) (−6.8 m) the sight at the time of release?
= 4.80231 ,
Correct answer: 44.8643◦ .
√ Explanation:
−b ± b2 − 4 a c The plane’s altitude, h = 4760 m, is the
x=
2a √ side adjacent to the angle and the difference
1.32704 ± 4.80231 in the x coordinates, L, is the side opposite
= the angle, so
2 (0.111811 m−1 )
L
= 15.734 m . tan θ = .
h
Thus Under this condition the basic equation

L
θ = arctan v = v0 + a t , reduces to
h
= 44.8643 .
◦
vy = 0 = vy0 − g t , so
028 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points vy0 v0 sin α

tmax = = .
A projectile is fired with an initial speed v0 at g g
t = 0. The angle between the initial velocity
v0 and the horizontal plane is α. 029 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points
A Given v0 = 19.5 m/s and α = 30 ◦ , what is
y the speed of the projectile when it reaches its
maximum height y = ymax ; (i.e., at point A
B in the figure)?
ymax
v0 α Correct answer: 16.8875 m/s.
Explanation:
At its maximum height vy = 0, thus
R x the only component of velocity is in the x-
The time tmax it takes for the projectile to direction. The speed is thus
reach its maximum height is
v = vx = v0 cos α
v0 sin α = (19.5 m/s) cos 30◦
1. tmax = correct
g = 16.8875 m/s .
v0
2. tmax =
g
v0 cos α
3. tmax = 030 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points
2g Find the speed of the projectile, on its way
g ymax
4. tmax = down, at the height y = (i.e. at point B
v0 2
in the figure).
5. tmax = v0
v0 cos α Correct answer: 18.2406 m/s.
6. tmax =
g
Explanation: q
v0 sin α 2 + v 2 . The horizontal
7. tmax = At B, vB = vxB yB
2g
component of velocity is constant, so
8. tmax = v0 g
Explanation: vxB = v0x = v0 cos α . (1)
Basic Concepts: For two dimensional
projectile motion in a gravitational field the The trick is finding vyB . Applying
acceleration is due to gravity only and acts
exclusively on the y component of velocity. v 2 = v02 + 2 a s
Kinematic equations for constant acceleration
are applicable. Velocity in the x-direction is a for the y-component of motion from A to B
constant. gives
Solution: The initial y-velocity is vy0 =
v0 sin α. The projectile reaches its maximum 2 h
vyB = 0 + 2 g h − = gh. (2)
height when vy = 0. 2
We need to determine h. Applying
4. h = 2 g v0 2 .
2
v = v02 + 2as
5. h = 2 g v0y 2 .
for the y−component of motion from O to A
gives 6. h = 2 g v0 .
2
0 = v0y − 2 g h , or
v0x 2
2
v0y 7. h = .
h= . (3) 2g
2g v0
8. h = .
Substituting Eq. 3 into Eq. 2 2g
v0y
! 9. h = .
v 2
0y
2
v0y 2g
2
vyB = g = . (4) v0 2
2g 2 10. h = .
2g
Combining Eqs. 1 and 4 gives Explanation:
q Basic Concepts:
vB = v0x 2 + vyB 2 Constant acceleration:
r 1 2
1 x − x0 = v0 t + at (1)
= (v0 cos α)2 + (v0 sin α)2 2
2
r v = v0 + a t . (2)
1
= (16.8875 m/s)2 + (9.75 m/s)2 Solution: Consider the motion in y direc-
2
tion,
= 18.2406 m/s .
vy 2 = v0y 2 + 2 a s (3)
At the maximum height h,
0 = v0y 2 − 2 g h (4)
Consider the motion of a projectile. It is
fired at t = 0. The initial velocity vector in or
rectangular coordinates is v0x and v0y , and in v0y 2
h= . (4)
the polar coordinates is v0 and θ (see figure). 2g
A
y 032 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
Consider two cases with the initial angles θ1
and θ2 where the initial speed v0 is fixed.
B The ratio of the time intervals for the trip
h t2
v0 θ for the two cases is given by
t1
t2 sin θ2
1. = .
x t1 sin2 θ1
R
t2 tan θ2
The height of the trajectory h, is given by 2. = .
t1 tan2 θ1
t2 sin θ2
1. h = 2 g v0x 2 . 3. = . correct
t1 sin θ1
v0y 2 t2 cos θ2
2. h = . correct 4. = .
2g t1 cos θ1
v0x t2 sin θ1
3. h = . 5. = .
2g t1 sin θ2
Solving for h yields
t2 tan θ1
6. = .
t1 tan θ2
t2 cos θ1 vy0 2
7. = . h=
t1 cos θ2 2g
t2 cos θ2 v 2 sin2 θ0
8. = . = 0
t1 cos2 θ1 2g
t2 tan θ2 (45 m/s)2 sin2 (47◦ )
9. = . =
t1 tan θ1 2 (9.8 m/s2 )
Explanation: = 55.2617 m .
Apply the “v–t” relation
v = v0 + a t (2)
for the vertical motion, one gets
Consider two cases, where the initial speed v0
0 = v0y − g trise , (5) is identical. The initial angle for the first case
is θ1 and the initial angle for the second case
where trise is the time taken to reach the is θ2 .
v0y
top. So trise = . The time for the trip, y
g
ttrip = 2 trise .
2 v0y2 v0 θ2 h2
t2 g v0 sin θ2 sin θ2 v0 θ1
= = = . (6) h1
t1 2 v0y1 v0 sin θ1 sin θ1 x
g R2
R1
033 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points t1
The ratio of the time of flights is given
Consider the motion of a projectile. It is t2
fired at t = 0. Its initial speed is 45 m/s by
and its initial projection angle is 47◦ from the
t1 tan θ1
horizontal. 1. =
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . t2 tan θ2
t1 cos θ1
y 2. =
t2 cos θ2
47
◦ 3. 1
v0
h
x t1 tan θ2
4. =
R t2 tan θ1
2
What is the maximum height, h, of its t1 tan θ1
5. =
trajectory? t2 tan θ2
2
t1 cos θ2
Correct answer: 55.2617 m. 6. =
t2 cos θ1
Explanation: t1 sin θ2
At its maximum height, the y component 7. =
t2 sin θ1
of its velocity vector is 0, so 2
t1 sin θ2
8. =
0 = vy0 2 − 2 g h . t2 sin θ1
When the football hits the ground, its coor-
t1 cos θ2 dinates are x = 47.2 m and y = 0 m. Hence
9. =
t2 cos θ1 solving for v yields
t1 sin θ1
10. = correct r
t2 sin θ2 1 1 x
v= g
Explanation: cos θ 2 tan θ
Use the kinematic relation = 21.5664 m/s
vy = v0y − g t .
Easier Method The range of a projectile is
At the top of its trajectory, the vertical com- given by
ponent of its velocity is 0. Hence the time it v 2 sin 2θ
takes for the projectile to reach its maximum R=
g
height is
v0y Solving for v,
trise = .
g
r
The total time of flight, ttrip is twice trise . gR
Hence the ratio is v= = 21.5664 m/s
sin 2θ
2 v0y1
ttrip1 g
= 036 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points
ttrip2 2 v0y2
A golfball with an initial speed of 91.7 m/s
g lands exactly 188 m downrange on a level
v0 sin θ1 course.
=
v0 sin θ2 The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
sin θ1 Neglecting air friction, what minimum pro-
=
sin θ2 jection angle would achieve this result?
035 10.0 points Correct answer: 6.32813◦ .

A football is thrown at an angle 48◦ above the
horizontal. Assume the players throwing and Explanation:
receiving the ball have the same height. Let θ1 be the minimum projection angle.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . We start with
To throw a 47.2 m pass, what must be the
initial speed of the ball? x = v0 (cos θ1 ) t
x
Correct answer: 21.5664 m/s. t=
v0 cos θ1
Explanation:
The position of the football in the x and y and
directions respectively are given by 1 2
y = v0 (sin θ1 ) t − gt .
2
x = (v cos θ )t (1)
Substituting for t,
1
y = (v sin θ )t − gt2 (2)
2 sin θ1 g
Eliminating t from the above two equations y= x− 2 x2 .
cos θ1 2 v0 (cos2 θ1 )
gives
x 1 x 2 Since y = 0 when x is the range,
y = v sin θ − g
v cos θ 2 v cos θ
1 x 2 sin θ1 gx
= x tan θ − 0= − 2
2 v cos θ cos θ1 2 v0 (cos2 θ1 )
g x = 2 v0 2 sin θ1 cos θ1 or
= v0 2 (2 sin θ1 cos θ1 ) v02 (sin2 θ1 )
ymax = .
= v0 2 sin(2 θ1 ) 2g
Using θ1 = 6.32813◦ yields
so gx
sin(2 θ1) =
v0 2 ymax = 5.21221 m .

1 gx
θ1 = arcsin
2 (v0 )2 039 10.0 points
1

(9.8 m/s2 ) (188 m)
When you throw an object horizontally off
= arcsin the side of a cliff, it follows a path similar to
2 (91.7 m/s)2
the one below.
= 6.32813 .
◦
v0
y
Neglecting air friction, what maximum pro-
jection angle would achieve this result? x
Correct answer: 83.6719◦.

Explanation:
Let θ2 be the maximum projection angle.
θ2 = 90◦ − θ1 Which statement is false if air resistance is

= 90◦ − 6.32813◦ negligible?
= 83.6719◦ .
1. The acceleration of the object is a con-
stant vector, independent of time.
What is the maximum height reached by the 2. The position vector ~r , which locates the
ball, using the angle determined in part 1? object relative to the origin of coordinates,
varies with time.
3. The x-component of the object’s velocity
Explanation:
~v varies with time. correct
The maximum height is obtained when
vy = v0 (sin θ1 ) − g t = 0 , 4. The y-component of the object’s velocity

~v varies with time.
so that
v0 (sin θ1 ) Explanation:
t= . After the ball is thrown, its only acceler-
g
ation is due to gravity in the −y direction,
This yields so the horizontal component of the object’s
velocity ~v remains constant.
v0 (sin θ1 )
ymax = v0 (sin θ1 )
g
2 040 10.0 points
g v0 (sin θ1 ) A ball is thrown horizontally at speed v0
− ,
2 g from the top edge of a cliff of height h.
Neglecting air resistance, which statement
is wrong? 043 10.0 points
Someone in a car going past you at the
1. The horizontal distance traveled from the speed of 35 m/s drops a small rock from a
base of the cliff to the spot where the ball hits height of 2.3 m.
the ground depends on v0 . How far from the point of the drop will the
rock hit the ground? The acceleration due to
2. The ball is freely falling with acceleration gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
~g , from the instant it is released until it strikes
the ground. Correct answer: 23.9792 m.
Explanation:
3. The time it takes for the ball to hit the
ground does not depend in any way on v0 .
Let : v = 35 m/s ,
4. The time it takes for the ball to hit the
h = 2.3 m , and
ground depends on v0 , g and h. correct
g = 9.8 m/s2 .
Explanation:
Since v0 acts along the x-axis, it does not Vertically, the rock accelerates downward
appear in y(t), and the time it takes for the like any other falling object. The vertical
ball to hit the ground does not depend on v0 . motion defines the time of the fall:
1 2 1 2
041 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points h = v0 t + gt = gt
You drop a stone from a position of rest. 2 2
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . since vo = 0, so
How far will it fall vertically in the first 7 s? s
2h
Correct answer: 240.1 m. t=
g
Explanation: s
When an object undergoes free fall from 2 (2.3 m)
=
rest under the influence of gravity, its dis- 9.8 m/s2
placement is = 0.685119 s.
1 Horizontally, the rock moves at constant

h = gt2
2 velocity (with no acceleration), so
1
9.8 m/s2 (7 s)2

=
2 d = vt
= 240.1 m = (35 m/s) (0.685119 s)
= 23.9792 m .
.
If you instead toss it horizontally at 2 m/s,
how far will it fall vertically in the first 7 s?
044 10.0 points
A brick is thrown upward from the top of a
Correct answer: 240.1.
building at an angle of 37.1◦ above the hori-
Explanation: zontal and with an initial speed of 12.8 m/s.
An initial horizontal velocity will not affect The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
the vertical motion, so the vertical drop is the If the brick is in flight for 3.5 s, how tall is
same. the building?
r
2 y0
Correct answer: 33.0013 m. t =
g
s
Explanation: 2 (40.4 m)
Basic Concept =
9.8 m/s2
The height of the building is determined by
the vertical motion with gravity acting down = 2.87139 s .
and an initial velocity acting upward:
1 Find the initial velocity of the ball.
y = y0 + v0y t − g t2
2
Solution
Choose the origin at the base of the build- Explanation:
ing. The initial position of the brick is y0 = h, There is no acceleration in the horizontal di-
the vertical component of the initial velocity rection. Therefore, we have
is v0y = v0 sin θ directed upward, and y = 0 x = x0 + vx0 t
when the brick reaches the ground, so x = 0 + vx0 t
x
1 2 vx0 =
0 = h + v0y t − gt t
2 70.1 m
=
2.87139 s
1 2 = 24.4132 m/s .
h = −v0y t + gt
2
= −(7.72107 m/s) (3.5 s) 047 (part 3 of 4) 10.0 points
1 Find the x component of its velocity just be-
9.8 m/s2 (3.5 s)2

+
2 fore it strikes the ground.
= 33.0013 m .
Explanation:
Since there is no acceleration in the horizontal
A ball is thrown horizontally from the top of
direction, the x component of the velocity is
a building 40.4 m high. The ball strikes the
constant. So
ground at a point 70.1 m from the base of the
building. vx = vx0 = 24.4132 m/s .
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
Find the time the ball is in motion. 048 (part 4 of 4) 10.0 points
Find the y component of its velocity just be-
Correct answer: 2.87139 s. fore it strikes the ground.
Explanation:
In this solution, we take the origin of the x Correct answer: −28.1397 m/s.
and y axes at the base of the building. The Explanation:
positive y direction is taken to point upward, The y component of the velocity just before
so that the vertical acceleration is −g. The the ball strikes the ground is
time the ball is in flight is found from vy = vy0 + ay t
1 = 0−gt
y = y0 + vy0 t + a y t2
2 = −(9.8 m/s2 ) (2.87139 s)
1 2 = −28.1397 m/s .
0 = y0 + 0 − gt
2

Solution PDF

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Solution PDF

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

guzman (bg8992) – Chap 3- Vectors and Proj Motion Review – denzmore – (107108) 1

This print-out should have 48 questions.

3. decreases. correct Let : F = 407.7 N .

2. The east component of the vector is 1 Let : Sship = 450 km and

The vector W ~ represents the distance to Explanation:

008 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points ◦ y

Correct answer: 36.2858 km. ∆x

8. It depends on some data not given in the 012 10.0 points

The gravity does not affect the x coordinate ◦ y

∆y (9.8 m/s2 ) (0.341 s)2

Correct answer: 0.569777 m. Correct answer: 12.2325 m/s.

Let : g = −9.8 m/s2 and

017 (part 3 of 5) 10.0 points Correct answer: 12.0113 m.

Correct answer: 14.5855 m/s. Let : yi = 6.7 m and

2 Considering the vertical motion,

= 14.5855 m/s . g −9.8 m/s2

◦ For the vertical motion (considering down

and the time to fall from the top to the ground

Correct answer: 15.734 m. 026 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points

The horizontal motion has no acceleration, Correct answer: 4737.5 m.

028 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points vy0 v0 sin α

035 10.0 points Correct answer: 6.32813◦ .

Correct answer: 83.6719◦.

θ2 = 90◦ − θ1 Which statement is false if air resistance is

vy = v0 (sin θ1 ) − g t = 0 , 4. The y-component of the object’s velocity

1 Horizontally, the rock moves at constant

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen