Name: lyric turner

Chapter 6 Section 2 Outline

Chemical Reactions
Main Idea: Chemical reactions allow living things to grow, develop, reproduce, and adapt.
Essential Questions:
What are the parts of a chemical reaction?
How can energy changes be related to chemical reactions?
What is the importance of enzymes in living organisms?

I. Reactants and Products
A _chemical_______ _reaction_______ is the process by which atoms or groups
of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances.
Chemical __bonds___ are broken or formed during a chemical reaction.
Clues that a chemical reaction has taken place:
Production of _heat___ or _light____
Formation of a new _gas__, _liquid_____, or _solid____
Substances can also undergo physical changes, which change the appearance but
not the composition.

A. Chemical Equations
In written chemical equations, __chemical______ _formula_______
describe the substances in the reaction and __arrows____ indicate
the process of change.
____reactants_____ are the starting substances, on the left side of
the arrow.
_products_ are the substances formed during the reaction, on the
right side of the arrow.
Reactants Products
The arrow can be read as yields or react to form.
Balanced equations
In chemical reactions, matter cannot be _created______ or
___destroyed______.
This principal is called the __law_ of
___concervation_________ of __mass__
All chemical equations must show this balance of mass.
The number of ___atoms__ of each element on the reactant
side must __equal___ the number of __atoms___ of the same
element on the product side.
C
6
H
12
O
6
+ 6O
2
6CO
2
+ 6H
2
O
Glucose and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide and water.

Get It? Explain why chemical equations must be balanced. ______________because matter
cannot be created nor destroyed
______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Calculate the number of atoms of each element in the chemical equation below. Record the
information in the table.

CH
4
+ 2O
2
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O

Element Symbol Element Name Number of Atoms
(reactant side)
Number of Atoms
(product side)
C Carbon 1 1
H Hydrogen 4 4
o oxygen 4 4

Analyze is the equation balanced? _______yes_________


II. Energy of Reactions
Activation Energy
The minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products is
called ____activation_______ _energy_____.
Some reactions happen rarely due to the high activation energy required.
Energy change in chemical reactions
Reactions that release energy in the form of heat are
__exothermic________.
As a result, the energy of the product is _lower____ than the
energy of the reactants.







Reactions that absorb energy in the form of heat are
_____endothermic______.
As a result, the energy of the product is ___higher___ than the
energy of the reactants.







III. Enzymes
All living things are driven by ___chemical _____ __reactions_______.
Additional substances are needed to reduce activation energy and reaction time
in living organisms.
A ___catalyst_____ is a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to
start a chemical reaction.
Catalysts do not change the amount of ____product___ produced, nor are they
used up during the reaction.
Special proteins called ____enzymes___ are the biological catalysts that speed
up the rate of chemical reactions in biological processes.
Most enzymes are specific to one reaction.
The reactants that bind to an enzyme are called __substrates________.
The specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme is called the
__active____ __sites__.
Factors such as _pH_, _____tempature______, and other ______substance____
affect enzyme activity.