Republic of the Philippines

MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Fatima, General Santos City
Module 3: Development, Validity and Reliability of Assessment Tools
Lesson 10: Validity of Tests or Instruments

Presented to:
Dr. Ava Clare Marie O. Robles

Class Schedule: TFR /1:00 - 2:30
Presented by:
Errolha Lynn T. Seballos
Dhecyrie Jean S. Deirio
Cynthia C. Demolar
Juliemer B. Absalon
OBJECTIVES
To discuss the different types of validity
To enumerate the ways to reduce the validity of
the test items
To determine the factors affecting the validity of
a test items
Important things to remember about Validity
Validity refers to the decisions we make,
and not to the test itself or to the
measurement.

Like reliability, validity is not an all or
nothing concept; it is never totally absent or
absolutely perfect.
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Concepcion, Benjamin.et.al. (2012). LET Reviewer. MET Review Center, Manila.
Important things to remember about Validity
A validity estimate, called a validity
coefficient, refers to specific type of
validity. It ranges between 0 to 1.

Validity can never be finally determined; it
is specific to each administration of the
test.
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Concepcion, Benjamin.et.al. (2012). LET Reviewer. MET Review Center, Manila.
TYPES OF VALIDITY
Content Validity
Construct Validity
Convergent Validity
Divergent Validity
Criterion-related Validity
Concurrent Validity
Predictive Validity
Content Validity
The content or topic is truly the
representative of the course. It involves the
systematic administration of the test content
to determine if it covers the representative
sample of the behavior domain to be
measured.
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Calmorin, Laurentina (2011). Assessment of Student Learning 1. Rex Book Store Publishing, Manila
Sample Test Items
Direction: Encircle the correct answer in the parenthesis
Retain
3
Revise
2
Delete
1
1. She (hears, hear) mass everyday.
2. Her daily allowance of 50php (is, are) not enough.
3. Mother (buy, buys) apples.
4. Cynthia (give, gives) alms to the beggar.
5. Joyce (put, puts) flowers in the vase.
For instance, the teacher wishes to validate a test in English.
Calmorin, Laurentina (2011). Assessment of Student Learning 1. Rex Book Store Publishing, Manila
Construct Validity
A type of validation that refers to the
measure of the extent to which a test measure
theoretical and unobservable variable qualities,
such as intelligence, math achievement,
performance anxiety and the like, over a period
of time on the basis on gathering evidence.
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(Gabuyo)
a.Convergent Validity- is a type of construct
validation wherein a test has a high correlation with
another that measures the same construct.

b.Divergent Validity- is a type of construct
validation which a test has a low correlation with a test
hat measures a different construct. In this case, a high
validity occurs only when there is a low correlation
coefficient between the test ta measures different test.
(Gabuyo)
Criterion-related Validity
Also referred to as Instrumental Validity.
This type of validity is used to demonstrate the
accuracy of measure or procedure by
comparing it with another process or method
which has been demonstrated to be valid.
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http://www.slideshare.net/Samcruz5/validity-reliability-practicality
a.Concurrent Validity degree to which the
test agrees or correlates with a criterion set
up as an acceptable measure; the criterion is
always available at the time of testing.

b.Predictive Validity determines by showing
how well predictions made from the test are
proven by proof collected at some succeeding
time.
(Calmorin, Laurentina (2011). Assessment of Student Learning 1. Rex Book Store Publishing, Manila.)
Ways to Reduce the Validity of the Test Item
Poorly constructed test items
Unclear directions
Ambiguous items
Reading vocabulary too difficult
Complicated syntax
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Concepcion, Benjamin.et.al. (2012). LET Reviewer. MET Review Center, Manila.
Ways to Reduce the Validity of the Test Item
Inadequate time limit
Inappropriate level of difficulty
Unintended clues
Improper arrangement of items
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Concepcion, Benjamin.et.al. (2012). LET Reviewer. MET Review Center, Manila.
Factors affecting the validity of a test item
The test itself

The administration and scoring
of a test
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2
Calmorin, Laurentina (2011). Assessment of Student Learning 1. Rex Book Store Publishing, Manila.
Personal factors influencing how students
response to the test.

Validity is always specific to a particular
group.
Factors affecting the validity of a test item
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Calmorin, Laurentina (2011). Assessment of Student Learning 1. Rex Book Store Publishing, Manila.
Summary
Content Validity
Construct Validity
Convergent Validity
Divergent Validity
Criterion-related Validity
Concurrent Validity
Predictive Validity
Thank You!