Telecommunications - Research On Mobile Broadband HSPA/HSPDA

Acknowledgment
To our colleagues of DF08A1ICT, who helped us with various issues during the
preparation of this project proposal, we are grateful to them. Besides, a number of
friends had always been around to support us morally. We would like to thank them as
well and the chance to fulfill our goals and objectives and for the support throughout our
studies. We would like to dedicate this study to them as an indication of their
significance in this study as well as in our life.
Finally, we are responsible for any errors that remain in this project.
Research on HSPA – Telecommunications
Table of Contents
Acknowledgment...........................................................................................................2
Introduction...................................................................................................................4
HSPA...........................................................................................................................6
Technology used...........................................................................................................9
Importance.................................................................................................................11
Considerations before implementation............................................................................12
Implementation............................................................................................................16
Advantages and Strengths............................................................................................28
Disadvantages and problems........................................................................................30
Future of HSPA...........................................................................................................32
Conclusion..................................................................................................................38
Appendix....................................................................................................................39
Appendix
2
Introduction
0G
The 0G technology can be referred to the first codeless telephony which is used in the
Police cars. The mobile telephone was mounted in the car near the driver usually. The
transmitter was mounted in the truck of the vehicle.
1G
The 1G was introduced in 1980’s. This is the next of the 1st generation technology. NMT
(Nordic Mobile Telephone), AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) are the stands
used by the 1G. This technology is also help in the mobile telephony as used in the 0G.
But the main different is 0G is analog and the 1G is digital.
Sameer Shah (2003). An approach to - Communication Era. United States: Embin

Technologies . 2p-10p.
2G
The second generation technology was used after the 1st generation. In this technology
the email, data or the software cannot be able to transfer. Only the voice and the SMS
can be transferred using the 2nd generation.
There are TDMA-based and CDMA based standards depending on the multiplexing
used.
2G technologies can be divided into TDMA-based and CDMA-based standards

depending on the type of multiplexing used. The GSM, IDEN comes under the 2G.
3
2.5G
The 2.5G is the stepping between 2G and the 3G. But 2.5G is not officially declared by
the International Telecommunication Union and 2.5G was named for the marketing
purpose only (funsms.net). This technology uses the same infrastructures which are
used for the 2G. So this made the service providers to switch from 2G to 2.5G easily.
Syed Ammar Faheem (2005). Evolution of 2.5G Radio Access Network towards the
Prospects of high Speed Downlink Packet Access . UAE: National University of
Computer & Emerging Sciences. 2p-5p.
Currently EDGE, GPRS and CDMA2000 are using the 2.5G.
3G and 3.5 G
The third generation technology was another milestone in the telecommunication field.
The GSM EDGE, UMTS, and CDMA2000 and Wi-MAX use this technology.
The third generation technology gives many services such as voice telephone service,
the Video calls, and the wireless data transfer. This is faster than the previous
technologies implemented before. This can be go up to 5Mbps. The HSPA uses 3G and
it can reach the highest fast.
AT&T states that they are providing the speed of 20Mbps using the 3G this year. So this
may be the fastest speed which can be accessed using the 3G.
MNM Media. (2008). AT&T plans 20-megabit 3G by 2009. Available:

http://www.electronista.com/articles/08/05/14/att.20mbps.3g.in.2009/. Last accessed [17
Sep 2009 ].
4
HSPA
HSPA is a technology upgrade to a UTMS network that provides high speeds, capacity
and efficiency. HSPA improved spectrum efficiency enables much faster downstream.
HSPA can provide up to seven times higher than the UTMS networks. And higher
capacity, reduced delay time,
Figure 1 – Evolution of HSPA
HSPA is the next step of the life cycle of UMTS. (Universal Mobile Telecommunication
System).This is mostly used in Europe the software technologies used by the UMTS is
in a lower standard than the HSPA. And with the increasing demand for the UMTS
technology they developed the existing technology into HSPA. Even though they
upgraded this software both UMTS and the HSPA uses the same frequency range. The
phones that use the UMTS technology are extremely portable.
5
This means that even though they are not in a coverage range of UMTS they will
connect into a GPRS or GPS network. So the users will have the facility of roaming.
Since HSPA is an updated version of UMTS it has all these facilities of UMTS as well as
more advanced and upgraded technologies. HSPA provides a smooth evolutionary path
for the UMTS networks to higher data rates and higher capacities.
Compared to UMTS HSPA can transfer larger files and it has faster web browsing. More
over HSPA offers latency as low as 70 to 100 milliseconds (ms) making it ideal for
Virtual Private Network and other real time applications. But UMTS does not have a low
latency as above and therefore it is not ideal to real time applications.
Figure 2 – Evaluation of HSPA
The above picture represents the time line of HSPA. It shows how HSPA developed
throughout the last few years. When HSPA was introduced in year 2002 it did not have
6
a high download speed but throughout the years it developed and now it has more than
10Mbps downlink speed. According to the above picture the downlink speed will double
every year on average. It to be expected that in year 2011 the download speed will
develop up to 100Mbps.
So currently mobile service providers are moving to provide HSPA solutions to end
customers because it’s profitable and the low cost in HSPA to provide a one MB of file.
Figure 3 – Cost comparison in R99 and HSPA
The following chart shows the cost that should spend by a mobile service provider to
deliver a 10MB though R99 old technologies and HSPA. So we can see that with a
really low cost HSPA can provide its services.
Siemens (2004). HSDPA by Siemens. United States: Siemens. 1p-10p.
7
Technology used
According to Ericsson there are two main combined technologies which enable to make
the data transfer in HSPA faster and effective than the previous ones. These
technologies are the main reason to the evolution of HSPA. We know that UMTS is the
beginning of the HSPA. When the technologies get the HSPA was introduced to the
market.
• Multiple input multiple output antenna technology

• Multi carrier technologies
Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna technology
According to the Ericsson MIMO is an antenna technology for wireless communications

in which multiple antennas are used at both the source (transmitter) and the destination
(receiver).
A. Pauraj, R. Nabar and D. Gore. Introduction to Space-Time Wireless

Communications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003.
This is efficient because in this method the transmitter as well as the receivers have
multiple antennas. Also comparing other technologies the data exchange rate is very
high.
8
Multi carrier technologies
According to whatis.com Multi-carrier modulation (MCM) is a method of transmitting

data by splitting it into several components, and sending each of these components
over separate carrier signals.
In multi carrier technology the frequency goes normally in two channels; so that the
download speed can be doubled. If the normal one channel has the download speed as
5Mbps using this technology will make the speed into double.
Ericsson says that they can make antennas and devices which can be able to access
the data up to 42Mbps. They provide 21Mbps devices recently and they promise that
can be able go up to the double.
Nokia Networks (2003). Nokia HSDPA Solution. Finland: Noka Coperation.
9
Importance
Speed
HSPA solution can deliver up to 14Mpbs downlink and 2mpbs uplink speeds which are
really better than GPRS and EDGE speeds. So as a mobile broadband solution HSPA
is a good technology that can provide higher uplink and downlink speeds.
Cost effective
With HSPA cost is really low in implementation and delivering the network .for example
if we consider about delivering a 10Mb file with HSPA and UTMS Release 99 with
HSPA it will be really cheap. So telecom providers and give broadband solutions for
customers in a very low cost. Also HSPA provide higher quality services at the lowest
cost.
Mobility
HSPA is a mobile broadband service which can provide high speed internet access with
mobility, so not like DSL and Wi-MAX technologies; HSPA is a full mobility way of
providing internet to the end customers. So users and use the technology any time
anywhere.
10
Considerations before implementation
HSPA solutions can be implemented on a 3rd Generation or 2nd Generation GSM

Network but the Network should be updated to 3.5 generation.
To upgrade to a higher GSM generation the telecom companies may need technical
support and hardware implementations on the current network infrastructure. The areas
that should be implementing HSPA should be covered with a 3.5G GSM signal
coverage.
To give the maximum throughout out to the customers the area should be well covered
well if not the signals will be dropped and customers will experience low speeds. Also
the telecom company should select which is the best HSPA type they should implement
with the conditions. So they have to find the best technology suitable and best places to
implement the transmission towers.
11
Criteria required implementing the technology
When implementing a new technology we have to consider about all the facts such as
what are the hardware and software requirements we need, what are the skills needed,
how much it will cost to implement such a technology and many more.
The following skilled people are qualified to implement a HSPA technology
• Senior RF Systems Engineer

• Senior Systems Applications Engineer
• Technical Applications Engineer
• Technical Application Engineer
• Senior Software Engineer
• Cab mobile designer Engineer
• Senior Test Engineer(Software bias)
• 3G / Wireless Protocol Stack Software Developer
• Telecoms Product Implementation Engineer
• Field Engineers
• Telecom Design Engineer
• System Engineer
In addition to their own qualifications all of the above engineers should be specialized in
Wireless field engineering.
Lucent Tecnologies (2005). High-Speed Downlink Packet Access . Asia Pacific : Lucent
Technologies.
12
Software Requirements
In addition the major important fact we need to consider when implementing a

technology is the security of data. The developers have to maintain a higher standard of
security, there for the developers should have a vivid knowledge about implementing
such a technology as well as a higher knowledge on how to maintain a higher standard
of security so that the outsiders will not be able to access the company data.
Moreover the developers should maintain a database to store the details of the
customers as well as their account information. In addition the developers should have
a vivid knowledge on how to design and implement new protocols.
13
Cost
To the upgrade the infrastructure telecom company should have good financial status
because investing on a network upgrade will be really costly.
In Sri-Lanka yet the HSPA is implemented by only 3 mobile services providers who has
good financial backup. Dialog Telecom, Baharathi Air Tel, Sri-Lanka Telecom Mobitel
are the current HSPA services providers in Sri-Lanka. Telecom providers like Hutch are
not interested in implementing HSPA because they can’t bear the large cost on
infrastructure update.
Upgrade of the GSM network
If a telecom carrier is already providing GSM 2G mobile services they can upgrade to
3G mobile network but it’s not a simple procedure .With the 3G implementation many
new hardware should be deployed in the current telecom infrastructure. Especially base
stations should upgrade with more complex protocols,
Too many options
There are many options available for Telecom providers when upgrading to a 3G
network on base station implementation .they have to choose the correct specifications
when they upgrade.
They have to choose the correct codec’s, modulation schemes to get the best though
output.
Increasing complexity
14
With the HSPA implementation the network infrastructure get complex.
Implementation
HSPA technology is based on UMTS networks and its use GSM third Generation as its
core .HSPA can use GSM third generation base stations to distribute the signals. The
base station known as Node b is responsible to handles network traffic and the users of
the network.
Node B
According to Lucent Technologies Node b is a radio signal base transfer station. Node b
contains radio frequency transmitters and the receivers to provide the services to
customers.
Figure 4 – Structure of a Node B
The figure above shows the structure of a Node B which has the radio cabinet and the
power cabinet.
Radio Network Controller
According to Lucent Technologies Radio Network controller (RNC) mainly controls the
node B .Radio recourse management and functions like load controller, security
functions like encryption, packet scheduling, is done by RNC.
15
Technologies.
HSPA technology is based on UMTS and its use GSM third Generation as its
core .HSPA can use GSM third generation base stations to distribute the signals. The
base station known as Node b is responsible to handles network traffic and the users of
the network.
HSPA is mainly implementing on the Node B and RNC (Radio network controller).most
of the key processing is done in the base station so it will minimize the network delays.
Figure 5 – Usage of Node B in HSPA
Widermind (2008). HSDPA implementation overview . Sweden : Widermind AB . 1p-2p.
With HSPA it introduces a new transpiration channel called the HS-DSCH (High Speed
downlink shared channel).
HS-DSCH
In Nokia whitepaper they describes that High Speed downlink shared channel is a
downlink transport channel. HS-DSCH can be transmitted over the cell using beam-
forming antennas.
16
Figure 6 - beam-forming antennas
Additional to HS-DSCH more transportation and physical channels have been included
like HS-PDSCH, HS-DPCCH, HS-SCCH.
Figure 7 – Physical channels in HSPA
3GPP TS 25.214, “Physical Layer Procedures (FDD)”.
17
The following table shows the new transport and physical channels introduced in HSPA
Technology.
Abbreviation Name Function
Downlink HS-DSCH High-Speed Downlink Common transport channel

for U-plane traffic.
Shared Channel
HS-SCCH High-Speed Shared Common control channel
including information
Control Channel
such as UE identity
Uplink HS-DPCCH High-Speed Dedicated Feedback channel for HARQ
ACK/NACK
Physical Control
messages as well as for
Channel
channel quality
information
Table 1.0
Simon Binar (2006). HSDPA and HSUPA Functional Testing . Germany : Tektronix
Inc, . 1p-12p.
HSPA will also use following g error control and encoding methods in implementation.
Modulation schemes
Mainly HSPA use (Quadrature Phase Shifting keying) QPSK modulation for download
transmission and to achieve higher data rates 16 Quadrature Phase Amplitude
modulation (16 QAM) is been used.
18
Figure 8 - Modulation schemes
Figure 9 – Modulation schemes
inCode Tecnologies (2006). Deploy HSDPA. United States: inCode Tecnologies .
19
Adaptive Modulation and coding (AMC)
Adaptive Modulation and coding is a key standard on HSPA which is a Link adaptation
technique which the modulation, coding rate and other parameters are dynamically
adapted to the changing channel conditions.
Figure 10 - Adaptive Modulation and coding
Simon Binar (2006). HSDPA and HSUPA Functional Testing . Germany : Tektronix Inc,.
20
Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)
Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request is verity error control method .To keep the
transmission error free the transmission should do error control. When error occurs it
will repeat for request again.
Siemens (2004). HSDPA by Siemens. United States: Siemens.
21
Terminals
There are 12 defined categories of HSPA The terminal informs UTRAN(UMTS
Terrestrial Radio Access Network) of its HSPA category in order that the network will
take it into account when scheduling data. It categorize as support to QPSK and
16QAM and other Parameters.
Max. data rate

Category HS-DSCH codes Modulation
(Mbps)
1 5 QPSK and 16-QAM 1.2
10 15 QPSK and 16-QAM 14.4
11 5 QPSK only 0.9
22
12 5 QPSK only 1.8
13 15 QPSK, 16-QAM 17.6
14 15 QPSK, 16-QAM 21.1

Table 2- HSPA mobile terminal categories
Rysavy Research (2007). Data Capabilities: GPRS to HSDPA and Beyond . United
States: Rysavy Research.
Network implementation
The following network diagram shows a simple GSM network implementation which a
HSPA technology can be implemented. The mobile switching centre is connected to the
Base station controller and it connected to the base transfer controller in each cell, Also
the visitor location register connects to the cells. The authentication centre and the
Home location register are connected to the Mobile switching centre.
23
24
Figure 11 - Implementation of a simple HSPA network
25
Equipments
GSM Signal Transmission antennas and base

station controller.
Mobile Switching centre
Visitor Location register
26
Home Location register
Table 3 – HSPA Equipments
The above table shows some of the equipments used in HSPA implementation.
27
Advantages and Strengths
• The round trip time between the network and the terminal is reduced
• Since there is a more sophisticated scheduling it allows for favorable allocation of

resources.
• A four-fold increase in the network capacity.
• Peak data rates of seven times higher than those in the most advanced
networks.
• HSPA has an improved bandwidth efficiency which enables faster between

network and the terminal than the other technologies.
• Enables operators to significantly increase capacity in a cost effective manner.
• Has the ability to seize the market in a profitable project sector.
• The cost to deliver a file will be less when compared with GPRS
• Provides re-transmission mechanism for faster error correction.
28
• Since HSPA is using a technique called Adoptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)
it maximizes the capacity and ensures that all users benefit from the best
possible data rate.
• Minimizes transmission delays.
Round trip time means the overall time it takes for data to travel back and forth between
the terminal and the network. Therefore the overall time will be reduced and thus the
speed will also increase. Since the overall round up time is reduced and the bandwidth
is high it will minimize in transmission delays as well as faster error correction. Since the
cost to deliver a file is less when compared to GPRS it will be a huge benefit for the
user. Because then they can save their money.
HSPA is an extremely cost-effective path to higher data rates and provides more
efficient use of valuable spectrum .Since the users has the benefit of accessing to
sophisticated mobile IP multimedia services it’s a massive advantage for them because
earlier they could not access such services.
29
Disadvantages and problems
• The HSPA and the R99/4 service cannot share the same carrier frequency
resources effectively. Because of this the system requires a switch in the system
band so it increases the delay time.
• HSPA suffers from cell breathing.
• HSPA has a theoretical speed limit of 14.4Mbps which means that WiMax will be
a serious competitor for HSPA.
• Its charging for the data downloaded
• There is a limitation to download data
Wi-Max has a 70Mbps with a range of close to 30 miles all from just a single base
station. But the theoretical speed limit of HSPA is said to be 14.4Mbps, so WiMAx
can be a huge competitor for HSPA this is a main disadvantage HSPA faces at the
moment. Another point is that HSPA technology charges for the amount of data that
has been downloaded during a month or a week; this downloaded data includes the
loading of web pages so this is a disadvantage to the users because they have to
pay money to the uploading of web pages too. Moreover there is a limitation to the
amount of data that can be downloaded and if the user exceeds this specific amount
of data the connection will be very slow. Cell Breathing means that there will be
interference between the users in the same cell and the neighboring cells,
consequently this will be a disadvantage because then the connection will not be
clear and it will take a longer time to download or upload data
30
Affect on the Human Beings
With the development of the technologies it has been having a good affect on the
human beings because their day to day activities are becoming easier. The phones that
use the UMTS and HSPA technologies has the ability to connect to a GPTS or GSM
network when they are not in a coverage range of UMTRS or HSPA. The users will
have the advantage of transferring higher data rates.
Furthermore the overall response time will be less due to the fact that a higher capacity
of data can be transferred within a short time. Moreover the users can experience a
better and improved availability of services. Accordingly the users will experience a
better quality of services. As well there are some bad effects on human beings too.
Because of the cell breathing the download and the upload speed can be slower and
the overall waiting time will increase. Another point is that after exceeding the limit the
connection can be slower this too will increase the overall waiting time.
QoS in HSPA
Quality of service in HSPA is hard to define it depend on several things. Specially if you
don’t get the indoor singles properly or if the service provider doesn’t provide any good
indoor coverage the Quality of service in really poor .Also there are several factors that
QoS in HSPA is depend on that is network traffic and network capacity, in high peak
when the network traffic is really high the uplink will be get slower.
31
Future of HSPA
As we stated above, the HSPA is the next of the UMTS. The subscribers of the HSPA
are being growing daily. This may be because of the high speed internet access in
HSPA handsets; HSPA provides better user experiences in multimedia applications.
Also HSPA is being popular because of the cheap of the hand sets.
Then earlier days HSPA had its download speed as 384Kpbs and the upload speed
20Kpbns Now the speed of the download has grown up to 14.4Mpbs and also the
upload speed also has grown up to 2.3Mpbs also the download speed as well as the
upload speed will increase further in future.
Now days the mobile network providers are intending to increase their service speed as
the speed increasing of the devices. Vodafone say that most customers get the highest
speed as the 5 Mbps though the are connected to the base station of 14Mbps. So the
Vodafone are working to reach the highest download speed to 14Mbps to give the
benefit to the customers.
Vodafone. (2009). Vodafone Working on new 14.4Mpbs HSPA Speed . Available:

http://www.mobilemarketingnews.co.uk/Vodafone_Working_On_New_14.4_Mbps_HSP
A.html. Last accessed [16 Sep 2009 ].
The new laptops have been introduced. These laptops has inbuilt HSPA. They have a
SIM card slot also. The Dell with the coloration of Sony Ericson has been introduced.
32
Figure 12 - Sony Errcsion phone with built in HSPA capabilities
We hope that in future the HSPA will be used in land phones as well as the CDMA
phones. Now day’s people use telephone connection or CDMA phones or a separate
dongle to access the internet. But in near future all land phones will be included a SIM
card slot so that the users can connect their SIM card and they can connect the
telephone to the computer. This will make the users to access to the internet.
Also we can introduce anther technology for the vehicles. The HSPA can be attaching
to the car and every time the HSPA can be able to send the signal to the base station
mentioning place where it is, as usually the other mobile SIM providers do; so that the
owner of the particular vehicle in case if the car was stolen. Currently in Sri Lanka they
use this techno by attaching the mobile phone.
Some of the new technologies in HSPA is based on WCDMA evolution standardized as

part of 3GPP Release 7 WCDMA specifications. The following technologies will be help
the future development in HSPA.
Nortel Networks (2005). HSDPA and beyond. United States: Nortel Networks .
33
OFDM
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) in 3GPP Release 7. It reduces the

cross talk in signal transmission, not only HSPA 802.11, 802.16
Isabelle Tadmoury. (2007). AT 3GSM WORLD CONGRESS NORTEL CHALLENGES

THE INDUSTRY TO DELIVER 4G "LIFESTYLE". Available:
http://www2.nortel.com/go/news_detail.jsp?cat_id=-8055&oid=100214455. Last
[accessed 24 Sep 2009].
Figure 13 - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
34
As the figure above shows OFDM will splits the available bandwidth to many narrow
bandwidth channels.
MIMO
MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-output) is a new feature that has attracted attention in

wireless technology .MIMO technology will support higher data downlink up to
20Mpbs.Also the though output will be increased.
A. Pauraj, R. Nabar and D. Gore. Introduction to Space-Time Wireless

Communications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003
HSUPA
In 2008 some mobile service providers upgrade their infrastructure to the new version
of HSPA (High-Speed Uplink Packet Access) HSPA have about 70% uplink capacity
than HSPA, reduce in latency ,and increases the uplink data rates by 50% .
Vincent .B (2008). How will HSDPA Category 9 benefit end-users and operators. United
States: Option Technologies.
Fourth Generation
GSM fourth generation capable of transmitting data 1Gpbs with fully IP based networks
using LTE technology as its core.
35
Bibliography
3GPP TS 25.214, “Physical Layer Procedures (FDD)”.
inCode Tecnologies (2006). Deploy HSDPA. United States: inCode Technologies .
Technologies.
Nomor Research (2009). White Paper – Dual Cell HSDPA and its Future Evolution .
Deutsche : Nomor Research.
Rysavy Research (2007). Data Capabilities: GPRS to HSDPA and Beyond . United
States: Rysavy Research.
Sameer Shah (2003). An approach to - Communication Era. United States: Embin

Technologies .
Siemens (2004). HSDPA by Siemens. United States: Siemens.
Simon Binar (2006). HSDPA and HSUPA Functional Testing . Germany : Tektronix Inc,.
36
Syed Ammar Faheem (2005). Evolution of 2.5G Radio Access Network towards the
Prospects of high Speed Downlink Packet Access . UAE: National University of
Computer & Emerging Sciences. .
Vincent Bultot (2008). How will HSDPA Category 9 benefit end-users and operators.
United States: Option Technologies.
C. Smith, D.Collins (2007). 3G wireless networks. United States: McGraw Hill.
37
Conclusion
The basic requirement for HSPDA is to carry high data rate on the downlink. HSDPA is
an extremely cost effective path to higher data rates. It has a wide range of coverage
and the users have the benefit of connecting to other networks if they are not in a
coverage area of HSPDA. In summery it means that the phones that users HSPDA are
extremely portable. The most important thing about HSPDA is that it reduces the overall
round trip delay and thus the users has the advantage of downloading or uploading data
faster. Moreover the peak data rate of HSPDA is increased up to 14Mbps.The primary
target of HSPDA is to enhance system throughput with minimum changes in network
architecture in addition the motivation behind HSPDA is to support sophisticated UE
applications which needs higher bit rates.
38
Appendix
Work break down structure
Topic Suhail Sandaru Sudantha
Basic Research 33.3% 33.3% 33.3%

History of the Technology 100%
Evolution of Technology 50% 50%
Affect on the human begins 100%
Benefits of the Technology 50% 50%
Implementation of the network 100%
Skills needed to implementation 100%
Network diagrams 33.3% 33.3% 33.3%
Advantages and Disadvantages 100%
Future of the Technology 100%
Documentation 33.3% 33.3% 33.3%
Approved by Lecturer:
-----------------------------------
Mr.Kaveesh Gunawardena
39
40
Grant Chart
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Acknowledgment

Considerations before implementation............................................................................12

Advantages and Strengths............................................................................................28

Disadvantages and problems........................................................................................30

Sameer Shah (2003). An approach to - Communication Era. United States: Embin

2G technologies can be divided into TDMA-based and CDMA-based standards

Currently EDGE, GPRS and CDMA2000 are using the 2.5G.

MNM Media. (2008). AT&T plans 20-megabit 3G by 2009. Available:

Figure 1 – Evolution of HSPA

Figure 2 – Evaluation of HSPA

Figure 3 – Cost comparison in R99 and HSPA

Siemens (2004). HSDPA by Siemens. United States: Siemens. 1p-10p.

• Multiple input multiple output antenna technology

Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna technology

According to the Ericsson MIMO is an antenna technology for wireless communications

A. Pauraj, R. Nabar and D. Gore. Introduction to Space-Time Wireless

Multi carrier technologies

According to whatis.com Multi-carrier modulation (MCM) is a method of transmitting

Nokia Networks (2003). Nokia HSDPA Solution. Finland: Noka Coperation.

Considerations before implementation

HSPA solutions can be implemented on a 3rd Generation or 2nd Generation GSM

Criteria required implementing the technology

The following skilled people are qualified to implement a HSPA technology

• Senior RF Systems Engineer

In addition the major important fact we need to consider when implementing a

Upgrade of the GSM network

Too many options

With the HSPA implementation the network infrastructure get complex.

Figure 4 – Structure of a Node B

Radio Network Controller

Figure 5 – Usage of Node B in HSPA

Widermind (2008). HSDPA implementation overview . Sweden : Widermind AB . 1p-2p.

Nokia Networks (2003). Nokia HSDPA Solution. Finland: Noka Coperation.

Figure 6 - beam-forming antennas

Figure 7 – Physical channels in HSPA

3GPP TS 25.214, “Physical Layer Procedures (FDD)”.

Abbreviation Name Function

Downlink HS-DSCH High-Speed Downlink Common transport channel

Figure 8 - Modulation schemes

Figure 9 – Modulation schemes

inCode Tecnologies (2006). Deploy HSDPA. United States: inCode Tecnologies .

Adaptive Modulation and coding (AMC)

Figure 10 - Adaptive Modulation and coding

Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)

Siemens (2004). HSDPA by Siemens. United States: Siemens.

Max. data rate

1 5 QPSK and 16-QAM 1.2

2 5 QPSK and 16-QAM 1.2

3 5 QPSK and 16-QAM 1.8

4 5 QPSK and 16-QAM 1.8

5 5 QPSK and 16-QAM 3.6

6 5 QPSK and 16-QAM 3.6

7 10 QPSK and 16-QAM 7.2

8 10 QPSK and 16-QAM 7.2

9 15 QPSK and 16-QAM 10.1

10 15 QPSK and 16-QAM 14.4

11 5 QPSK only 0.9

12 5 QPSK only 1.8

13 15 QPSK, 16-QAM 17.6

14 15 QPSK, 16-QAM 21.1

Figure 11 - Implementation of a simple HSPA network

GSM Signal Transmission antennas and base

Mobile Switching centre