O

2
A
3
2
1


4
x
y
m
A
r
2
due to rotating part
m
B
A
B
main bearing
m
A
r
2
inertia force due to revolving masses

[m
B
r

2
(cos + cos 2 / n + . )]
-inertia force due to reciprocating masses

Effect of Inertia forces in a SINGLE CYLINDER ENGINE:
Cylinder wall
B
O
2
A
3
2
1
=t

4
x
y
main bearing
F
21
F
21
y
F
21
x
F
14
F
21
x

unbalanced inertia force along the line of
stroke

F
21
y

& F
14
- unbalanced couple on the engine cylinder


B
unbalanced force, F
x
21
= m
B
A
B

=

m
B
{r

2
(cos + cos 2 / n + . )}
= m
B
{r

2
cos } + m
B
r

2
{cos 2 / n }


unbalanced couple , T = x F
41
= x F
y
21

Primary disturbing
force
secondary disturbing
force
F
x
F
y
F
x

= F
x
21
+ m
A
r
2
cost

= m
B
r

2
{cos t + cos 2 t / n} + m
A
r
2
cost

F
y
= m
A
r
2
sint

piston inertia force
m
A
r
2

F
21
Can be fully balanced
(due to rotating masses)