We will learn

How oil and natural gas are formed

Where they are found
How they are extracted from the
ground
What products we use every day
are made from petroleum
Introduction to
Oil and Natural Gas
Fossil Fuels Natures Batteries
80% of the worlds energy
comes from fossil fuels
Oil
Natural gas
Coal
Fossil fuels were forming before
dinosaurs lived
How do oil and gas get from the
ground into products we use?
1
2
3
4 5
Exploration: a treasure hunt to
find oil and gas
Geologists study rocks on
the Earths surface
and underground
Geologists make a map of
the rocks where they think
oil and gas might be found
Photo by John Simmons, OnTV
The Geological Society of London www.geolsoc.org.uk
Drilling and Production
Engineers use the geology map
to drill a well under the Earths
surface using a rig
If successful, the well will bring
a steady flow of oil and gas to
the surface

Where Do Oil and
Gas Come From?
Microscopic View
Gas
Oil
Water
Source Rock (Fossils)
Oil drops in grains of sand
Oil and Gas Are Found
On Land and under Water
Oils and Gas
Are Often Found Together
Oil is a liquid
Gas is liquid in a
gaseous (invisible)
state like air
Oil and gas move
through sand as a team
Extraction
After the rig is removed, a pump
is placed on the well head.
An electric motor drives a gear
box that moves a lever.
The lever pushes and pulls,
forcing the pump up and down,
and creates a suction that draws
up the oil.
Refining
Chemicals and heat are used to
remove water and solids
Natural gas is separated
Cracking and rearranging
molecules prepares the finished
products
Oil is then stored in tanks.

Photo courtesy of BP p.l.c.
Transportation
Crude oil and refined
products are transported
across the water in barges
and tankers.

On land crude oil and
products are moved using
pipelines, trucks, and trains.
Photo above courtesy of BP
Energy Companies Help
Protect the Environment
Clean up areas after drilling
Care for plants, animals and
the Earth in work areas
Follow governmental rules
Where Would We Be Without Petroleum?
You can kiss lipstick good-bye.
Artificial Hearts
Aspirin
Balloons
Bandages
Blenders
Cameras
Candles
CD Players
Clothing
Compact Discs/DVDs
Computers
Containers
Crayons
Credit Cards
Dentures
Deodorant
Digital Clocks
Dyes

Fertilizers
Food Preservatives
Footballs
Furniture
Garbage Bags
Glasses
Glue
Golf Balls
Hair Dryers
Hang Gliders
House Paint
Ink
Insecticides
Life Jackets
Lipstick
Luggage
Medical Equipment
Medicines



MP3 Players
Pantyhose
Patio Screens
Perfumes
Photographic Film
Photographs
Piano Keys
Roller Blades
Roofing
Shampoo
Shaving Cream
Soft Contact Lenses
Surfboards
Telephones
Tents
Toothpaste
Toys
Umbrellas