cuneiform

is one of the earliest known systems of writing,

[1]
distinguished by its wedge-shaped
marks on clay tablets, made by means of a blunt reed for a stylus. The
name cuneiform itself simply means "wedge shaped", from the Latincuneus "wedge"
and forma "shape," and came into English usage probably from Old French cuniforme.
Emerging in Sumer in the late 4th millennium BC (the Uruk IV period), cuneiform writing
began as a system of pictographs. In the third millennium, the pictorial representations
became simplified and more abstract as the number of characters in use grew smaller,
from about 1,000 in the Early Bronze Age to about 400 in Late Bronze Age (Hittite
cuneiform). The system consists of a combination of logophonetic, consonantal
alphabetic and syllabic signs.
[2]

Mohenjo daro

was built in the 26th century BCE.
[7]
It was one of the largest cities of the
ancient Indus Valley Civilization, also known as
the Harappan Civilization,
[8]
which developed around 3000 BCE from the
prehistoric Indus culture. At its height, the Indus Civilization spanned
much of what is now Pakistan and North India, extending westwards to
the Iranian border, south toGujarat in India and northwards to an
outpost in Bactria" mohenjo daro
Oracle bones
(Chinese: ; pinyin: jig) are pieces of turtle shell or bone, normally from ox scapulae or
turtle plastrons, which were used for pyromancy a form of divination in ancient China, mainly during
the late Shang dynasty. Scapulimancy is termed if ox scapulae were used for the divination; if turtle
shells were used, the term is Plastromancy.
Diviners would submit questions to deities regarding future weather, crop planting, the fortunes of members of
the royal family, military endeavors, and other similar topics.
[1]
These questions were carved onto the bone or
shell in oracle bone script using a sharp tool. Intense heat was then applied with a metal rod until the bone or