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Parenterals
Jayvee Jonathan O. Abecia
Alexander David F. Famadulan

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PARENTERALS
The term PARENTERAL is derived from the Greek words: para
(outside) and enteron (intestine)
Parenterals denote ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION other than
oral route
Parenterals refer to the STERILE injectable routes
administration
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PARENTERAL INJECTIONS
Parenteral Injections are PYROGEN FREE preparations
PYROGENS, or bacterial endotoxins, are organic metabolic
products shed from Gram-negative bacteria which can cause
fever and hypotension in patients when they are in excessive
amounts in intravenous (IV) injections

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CLASSIFICATION OF STERILE
PRODUCTS
PARENTERAL PREPARATIONS
OPTHALMIC PREPARATIONS (eye)
OTIC PREPARATIONS (ear)
NASAL PREPARATIONS (nose and throat)
IRRIGATING SOLUTIONS (washing wounds or abraded
mucous membrane)
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PARENTERAL ROUTES OF
ADMINISTRATION
INTRA-ARTICULAR joints
INTRA-SPINAL spinal column
INTRA-ARTERIAL arteries
INTRAVENOUS veins
INTRADERMAL skin
INTRASYNOVIAL joint fluid
INTRATHECAL spinal fluid
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PARENTERAL ROUTES OF
ADMINISTRATION
INTRACARDIAC heart
INTRAMUSCULAR muscles
SUBCUTANEOUS under the skin

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PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION
PARENTERALS ARE ADMINISTERED BY:
Physicians
Physicians assistant
Nurse
Pharmacist